Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
3
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
4
Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of advanced Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
6
Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
10.66224/ari.2026.371845.4003
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TTV in cervical samples from HPV-infected women and its distribution with HPV genotypes.
Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 240 women (120 HPV-positive cases and 120 HPV-negative controls) attending routine cervical screening in Hamadan were enrolled. DNA was extracted from cervical samples, and quality was assessed using the GAPDH gene. TTV detection was performed using nested PCR targeting the 5'UTR region. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: Overall, TTV was detected in 36.3% (87/240) of samples, with 45% of HPV-positive women and 27.5% of controls testing positive (p=0.007). In both groups, the highest TTV prevalence was observed in women aged 26-30 years (47.7%). TTV positivity was highest in the High+Low Risk HPV group (65.5%), followed by High Risk (46.3%) and Low Risk (27.0%) groups (p=0.007). Moreover, high-risk HPV genotypes 52, 56, and 68 showed higher rates of TTV co-etection (p=0.032, 0.012, and 0.039, respectively). In the HR group, the highest frequencies were found in women older than 40 and 26-30 years, while LR and H-L groups showed more even distributions across ages.
Conclusion: TTV infection is prevalent among HPV-positive women, particularly those with multiple or high-risk HPV genotypes. The co-detection of TTV and HPV suggests potential shared transmission routes and raises the possibility that TTV may influence HPV persistence or cervical pathogenesis. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on TTV-HPV interactions and their implications for cervical disease progression.
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