Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Patterns of E. coli Isolated From Macaca fascicularis in IPB University Breeding Facility, Bogor

Rizal, Muhammad Farid; Wibawan, I Wayan Teguh; Pamungkas, Joko; Darusman, Huda Shalahudin; Balia, Roostita Lobo; Surya, Maryati; Achmad, Yusuf Farid; Sundari, Betty; Soedarso, Yovi Alwi; Amien, Suseno; SIbit, Denniswara; Loe, Fhady Risckhy; Alya, Itfa; Melvern, Reinier

doi:10.66224/ari.2026.372727.4109

Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Patterns of E. coli Isolated From Macaca fascicularis in IPB University Breeding Facility, Bogor

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

¹ Doctorate Student In Primatology, Primatology Program, School of Postgraduate, IPB University

² School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

³ Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjajaran University, Sumedang, Indonesia

⁴ Primate Research Center, IPB University

⁵ Department Research and Development, PT. Biomol Nusantara Mandiri

⁶ Department Research and Development,

⁷ Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School Universitas Padjadjaran

⁸ epartment of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Universitas Nusa Cendana

⁹ Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Padjajaran University Sumedang, Indonesia

¹⁰ Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Univeristas Padjajaran Sumedang, Indonesia

10.66224/ari.2026.372727.4109

Abstract

Diarrhea is a common health problem in captive long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), often associated with Escherichia coli infection. Antimicrobial use in captive breeding facilities may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, posing risks to both animal and public health through potential zoonotic transmission. However, information regarding antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from captive long-tailed macaques remains limited. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles and multidrug-resistant (MDR) patterns of E. coli isolated from diarrheic macaques in a breeding facility. A total of 30 previously characterized E. coli isolates were tested using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method against seven antibiotics: ceftazidime (CAZ), sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (SXT), doxycycline (DO), meropenem (MEM), streptomycin (S), chloramphenicol (C), and nalidixic acid (NA). The results showed that 10 isolates (33.3%) were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 20 isolates (66.7%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest resistance was observed against streptomycin (56.7%), followed by sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (30%), doxycycline (26.7%), chloramphenicol (13.3%), ceftazidime (10.0%), meropenem (6.7%), and nalidixic acid (6.7%). Multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to three or more antibiotic classes, was identified in 6 isolates (20%). These findings indicate the presence of MDR E. coli in captive long-tailed macaques and highlight the importance of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prudent antibiotic use in captive primate facilities.

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