Evaluation of Osteochondral Fractures in the Fetlock and Tarsal Joints of Warmblood Horses during Pre-Purchase Examinations

Veshkini, Abbas; Hosseini, Ali; Kabir, Farrokhreza; Fattahian, Hamidreza

doi:10.66224/ari.2026.372624.4093

Evaluation of Osteochondral Fractures in the Fetlock and Tarsal Joints of Warmblood Horses during Pre-Purchase Examinations

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

10.66224/ari.2026.372624.4093

Abstract

Abstract
Osteochondral lesions are among the most common and significant joint injuries in sport horses, particularly warmblood breeds. These lesions frequently affect highly mobile joints such as the fetlock and tarsus and may remain asymptomatic. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of osteochondral lesions, identify the anatomical regions most frequently affected, and examine associated factors such as age, sex, limb side, and clinical signs in warmblood horses during pre-purchase examinations in Iran.
This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study involved 100 Warmblood horses in Iran, aged 4 to 15 years. The sample included 64% mares, 20% geldings, and 16% stallions. Standard radiographic imaging was performed on the fetlock and tarsal joints. Data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism version 9.
A substantial proportion of horses exhibited osteochondral lesions despite lacking obvious clinical signs. The most commonly affected sites were the dorsal edge of the P1 bone in the fetlock joint and the Distal Intermediate Ridge of the Tibia (DIRT) in the tarsal joint. Significant correlations were found between certain individual variables, such as age and limb side, and the occurrence of these lesions.
These findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive orthopedic examinations combined with standard imaging in pre-purchase evaluations of sport horses. The results can support clinical decision-making, prevent progressive joint injuries, and inform breeding programs focused on joint health.

Keywords