Therapeutic Efficacy of Brotowali Ointment for Diabetic Burn Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Rats

Panjaitan, Ruqiah Ganda Putri; Fitriyani, Fitriyani; Titin, Titin; Waseem Alam, Muhammad; Suhartoyo, Aji

doi:10.22092/ari.2026.369991.3730

Therapeutic Efficacy of Brotowali Ointment for Diabetic Burn Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Rats

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

¹ Biology Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia

² Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Tanjungpura University, Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi Street, Bansir Laut, Southeast Pontianak District, Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

³ King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁴ Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland

10.22092/ari.2026.369991.3730

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is caused by factors such as genetics, obesity, improper diet and sleep patterns, stress, and lack of physical activity. One of the most common complications of DM is diabetic gangrene. The Dayak Ngaju people in Central Kalimantan use brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.) to treat skin diseases. The aim of this study is to pharmacologically assess the capacity of brotowali stem ointment in treating diabetic gangrene. Diabetic rats were divided into six groups, each containing five rats, with wounds created on their dorsal regions. The first group received oral brotowali extract and no topical treatment. The second group received oral brotowali extract and topical Betadine ointment. The third group received oral brotowali extract and topical base ointment. The fourth group received oral brotowali extract and topical 20% brotowali ointment. The fifth group received oral brotowali extract and topical 35% brotowali ointment. The sixth group received oral brotowali extract and topical 50% brotowali ointment. Diabetic gangrene healing was assessed based on wound scores, which were evaluated macroscopically by observing the color and the amount of scab detachment.The average wound scores at the end of the observation period indicated that Group K6 had a lower average wound score. Although this difference was not statistically significant compared to Groups K5 and K2 (p > 0.05), it was significantly different from Groups K1, K3, and K4 (p < 0.05). The 20% brotowali extract ointment has a healing capacity for diabetic gangrene comparable to Betadine ointment. Furthermore, the 35% and 50% brotowali ointments exhibit superior healing capabilities.

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