Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
10.22092/ari.2026.370784.3860
Abstract
Introduction: Avian chlamydiosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci, a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the family Chlamydiaceae. The pathogen can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated secretions such as urine, feces, and respiratory aerosols from infected birds. Clinical signs in both humans and birds are often non-specific, resembling influenza. In humans, infection can present as mild fever, headache, anorexia, and sore throat, potentially progressing to pneumonia. In birds, disease manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to respiratory distress, sinusitis, mucopurulent nasal discharge, lethargy, diarrhea, anorexia, polyuria, conjunctivitis, reproductive disorders, and reduced egg production. Objective: This study aimed to perform molecular detection of C. psittaci in domestic pigeons in Kerman City, Iran, and to evaluate the prevalence, clinical signs, and potential risk factors associated with infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from the choanal clefts of 10 pigeon flocks (10 birds randomly selected per flock) across different areas of Kerman City. DNA extraction was performed using a commercial kit, followed by PCR amplification with specific primers targeting the rPOMP90-3 gene of C. psittaci. Amplified products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and visualized using a gel documentation system. Results: PCR analysis revealed that 12% of the pigeons tested positive for C. psittaci. Infections were detected solely in adult birds, often under stressful husbandry conditions, and clinical signs varied among the affected birds. Conclusion: The observed 12% detection of C. psittaci underscores the significant role of domestic pigeons in the epidemiology of the pathogen in urban Iran. These findings align with national and international studies, emphasizing the need for regular surveillance, public education, and improved management practices to mitigate both veterinary and zoonotic risks. Future research should involve larger sample sizes, multiple avian species, and advanced molecular techniques to further investigate the circulation and genetic diversity of C. psittaci in the region.
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