Document Type : Original Articles
Authors
1
Ph.D Student, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2
Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
3
Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
10.22092/ari.2025.369740.3692
Abstract
Abstract:
Introduction: The pathogen of Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, is an obligate intracellular protozoan, for which all mammals act as intermediate hosts, however cats are definitive hosts. It is a common zoonotic disease and is transmitted through various routes, including direct contact with infected animals, environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts, contaminated food, unpasteurized milk, and also through the placenta. Toxoplasmosis is one of the leading causes of miscarriage, stillbirth, and congenital infection in humans and animals. Considering the lack of studies conducted on the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Iran, this research aimed to investigate the genetic prevalence of T. gondii in raw milk collected from Sistan and Baluchestan province.
Methods: DNA extraction was performed on 224 milk samples from 64 sheep, 64 goats, 64 cows, and 32 camels, which were collected and transported to the laboratory, and then by identifying the T. gondii B1 gene using Nested-PCR method, it was evaluated whether this parasite was present in the samples.
Results: 26 samples (11.6%) were contaminated with T. gondii and the prevalence of infection in cows, sheep, goats' and camels' raw milk were 6.3%, 17.2%, 14/1%, and 6.3%, respectively. The highest molecular incidence of infection was identified in sheep milk.
Conclusion: The overall conclusion is that the T. gondii prevalence in samples of raw milk, especially in sheep and goat samples, in the study area is very significant. Consuming raw milk, which contained T. gondii DNA, increases the risk of transmitting this parasite to humans, therefore it is necessary to thoroughly boil raw milk or consume pasteurized milk.
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