Nanoemulsion of Clove Essential Oil for Experimental Cystic Hydatid Disease in Mice

Naser, Ali; Shirali, Saloomeh; Youssefi, Mohammad Reza; Shemshadi, Bahar; Abouhosseini Tabari, Mohaddeseh

doi:10.32598/ARI.81.2.2976

Nanoemulsion of Clove Essential Oil for Experimental Cystic Hydatid Disease in Mice

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

² Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. & Department of Biotechnology, Ah.C., Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

³ Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Ba.C., Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.

⁴ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies (AUSMT), Amol, Iran

10.32598/ARI.81.2.2976

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a global zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Several in vitro researches have demonstrated high efficacy of nanoformulations against protoscoleces of E. granulosus, but only a limited number of them evaluated their safety on CHD animal models. Based on our previous report on the in vitro effectiveness of clove essential oil (CEO) and the developed nanoemulsion (N-CEO) against E. granulosus, herein we evaluated the therapeutic and side effects of CEO and N-CEO on CHD-mice.
Materials & Methods: Number of 48 mice were infected to CHD by intraperitoneal injection of 10³ protoscoleces, and 8-week post injection received the treatments, CEO-20 and -50 and N-CEO-20 and -50 (20 and 50 mg/kg), and albendazole (ALB) as the standard treatment (50 mg/kg), by oral gavage for a 6-week period. D-CON served as the control and were infected to CHD but received only saline.
Results: All the tested treatments resulted in a significant reduction in the average number and size of cysts. Treatment with ALB, CEO-20 and CEO-50 had no increasing effect on serum activity of liver enzymes. However, the highest alkaline phosphatase and alanine transferase activities have been observed in N-CEO-50. The level of antioxidant enzymes, and the gluthathione content were lower in N-CEO-50 compared to the D-CON mice. The most significant histopathological damages were noted in N-CEO-50 including infiltration of edematous cells, inflammation, hyperemia and degeneration.
Conclusion: Further studies to find the mechanism of liver injury despite the slight in vitro cytotoxicity can be a step forward in reevaluating the safety of nanoformulations.

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