Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box: 14115-131, Iran.
10.22092/ari.2025.369757.3694
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is a parasitic cestode responsible for causing hydatid cyst disease in humans worldwide. This parasitic disease is a major threat to human and animal health. In addition to causing severe disease in individuals, it threatens public health and leads to significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Iran is endemic for this infection, highlighting the significance and prevalence of the disease in the country. Vaccination is considered one of the preventive strategies employed to control this disease. In recent decades, numerous studies have identified the protective antigens of Echinococcus granulosus and their role in immunizing various animal host species. The present study aimed to comprehensively identify and evaluate the most effective antigens that could serve as potential vaccine candidates against cystic echinococcosis. To achieve this goal, data were systematically extracted from eight databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, the Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex, and IranDoc, covering the period from January 2000 to February 2025. Two researchers independently screened, data extraction, and quality assessment of the studies. Ultimately, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria for this study. EG95, P29, and protoscolex were the most frequently utilized antigens in vaccine formulations designed against Echinococcus granulosus. Common adjuvants included Freund’s adjuvant, IL-12, Quil A, and alum. Additionally, various antigen delivery methods, animal models, immune response assessments, and the extent of hydatid cyst reduction were examined in these studies. The results of this research suggest that multiepitope DNA vaccines containing EG95 in combination with P29, GST, and EgA31 yielded superior outcomes and induced stronger protective immune responses against cystic Echinococcosis.
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