Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus in Iran, 2023

Ziafati Kafi, Zahra; Sarmadi, Soroush; Babazadeh, Shabnam; Jamiri, Fahimeh; Bakhshi, Alireza; Abbassioun, Aryan; Eghbali, Omid; Ghalyanchilangeroudi, Arash

doi:10.22092/ari.2024.367128.3354

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus in Iran, 2023

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³ Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

⁴ 69 Azadi Ave

10.22092/ari.2024.367128.3354

Abstract

Canine parvo virus 2 causes severe and often fatal gastroenteritis and myocarditis in dogs and puppies. Based on the VP2 gene, this virus is classified into 3 variants: CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. In present study 35 rectal swab samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs, including vomiting and diarrhea, and cases with positive results from the rapid test kit. Samples were screened with PCR assay to screen for the presence of the virus genome. According to the PCR results, all samples were positive. Out of 35 cases, about 34% received at least one dose of vaccine, and almost 66% were not vaccinated at all. A rapid test was also performed for 34 cases. Rapid test was positive for 91% (31 cases) and negative for 9% (3 cases). Phylogenetic analysis of seven samples, which were submitted for sequencing, revealed that 6 of the present isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) were clustered with CPV-2c isolates and one (UT-CPV19) was clustered with CPV-2b sequences. Homology analysis indicated high similarity (100%) between isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) and isolates K20172c-1, 12B, IZSSI_2021PA43108idAki, BJ001, and CPV-2c/Sull6/2017. UT-CPV19 showed 100% similarity with isolates 19R113-2, YANJI-2, and 15D184. In the present study, we also analyzed a commercial vaccine phylogenetically. Although the homology results indicated almost 98% similarity between current isolates and vaccine, the vaccine sequence was not clustered with any groups in the phylogenetic tree. These results highlight the importance of constantly monitoring circulating strain antigenic changes and the efficacy of vaccines against them.

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