Molecular Characterization of Canine Parvovirus in Iran, 2023

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

10.32598/ARI.81.1.3354

Abstract

Introduction: Canine parvo virus 2 causes severe and often fatal gastroenteritis and myocarditis in dogs and puppies. Based on the VP2 gene, this virus is classified into 3 variants: CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c.  
Materials & Methods: In present study, 35 rectal swab samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs, including vomiting and diarrhea, and cases with positive results from the rapid test kit. Samples were screened with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of the virus genome. According to the PCR results, all samples were positive.
Results: Out of 35 cases, about 34% received at least one dose of vaccine, and almost 66% were not vaccinated at all. A rapid test was also performed for 34 cases; it was positive for 91% (31 cases) and negative for 9% (3 cases). Phylogenetic analysis of seven samples, which were submitted for sequencing, revealed that 6 of the present isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) were clustered with CPV-2c isolates, and one (UT-CPV19) was clustered with CPV-2b sequences. Homology analysis indicated high similarity (100%) between isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) and isolates K20172c-1, 12B, IZSSI_2021PA43108idAki, BJ001, and CPV-2c/Sull6/2017. UT-CPV19 showed 100% similarity with isolates 19R113-2, YANJI-2, and 15D184. In the present study, we also phylogenetically analyzed a commercial vaccine. Although the homology results indicated almost 98% similarity between the current isolates and the vaccine, the vaccine sequence did not cluster with any groups in the phylogenetic tree.   
Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of constantly monitoring antigenic changes of circulating strains and the efficacy of vaccines against them.

Keywords

Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 81, Issue 1
January and February 2026
Pages 213-222

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