Serological Studies of IgG and IgM in Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Erbil, Kurdistan-Iraq

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems and economies globally. COVID-19 vaccines aim to generate immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, ideally neutralizing antibodies. Efficacy has now been documented for several vaccinations, including mRNA, adenoviral-vectored protein subunit, and whole-cell inactivated subunit vaccines. Understanding the immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines and how different antibodies are created after vaccination is critical to better understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19. In the current study, humoral immune responses that elicited by BNT162b2 (mRNA-based), BBIBP-CorV (inactivated virus), and ChAdOx1 (dsDNA-recombinant based) vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus were compared. A total of three hundred and twenty-one individuals were included in this study, in which 90 individuals have taken no vaccines (control group) and post vaccinated with Pfizer, and Sinopharm each 77 participants, respectively. Blood samples were collected after 10 weeks vaccination and serum was analysed. The human SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Trimer) IgG or IgM ELISA (Thermo Fisher) were used to measure the amount of IgG or IgM antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Trimer). it was found that statistically there is no significant difference between the vaccines (P value =0.958). The study found all three vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) were effective in the production of IgM and IgG. This study showed that Sinopharm is more effective in the production of IgM and IgG. the usage of ChAdOx1 has led to the production of more IgG compared to BNT162b2 as statistically it was found to be significantly different (P value= 0.0001). Sinopharm's generation of a stronger immune system may result from the fact that it's an inactivated subunit vaccine. The immunological reactions to the vaccines studied in the following studies have prompted a lot of issues about how they happen. The study recommends more studies regarding the most effective vaccines among Kurdish people in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.