Immunomodulatory Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.

3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Department of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

10.32592/ARI.2025.80.2.413

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties that can regulate the immune response and promote tissue regeneration. These properties include the ability to suppress T cell proliferation, modulate macrophage polarization, and promote regulatory T cell differentiation. Suffice it to say that natural chemoattraction pathways can attract MSCs; these cells are created from around the injured tissues, creating a repair/regenerative microenvironment for this study. The speed of regeneration of tissue damage depends on the person's age, level of tissue damage, and also depends on which part of the body is damaged. It can be seen that the manipulation of mesenchymal stem cells can have very significant effects on the rate of tissue damage, tissue regeneration, and also cell death. Immunosuppressive and trophic mechanism influences are different from the mechanisms that are being led by tissue engineering to replace the special mesenchymal tissues. In fact, it can be seen how tissue engineering processes get along with trophic to promote astonishing tissue regeneration and support the smooth integration of newly created tissue into the body. MSCs have been worked on for more than 20 years and their potential has been just realized for clinical applications. It is obvious that the usage of MSCs for tissue engineering requires quite different reasons than their usage in nutritional and immunomodulatory functions. These latter efforts now appear to apply to the clinic before tissue engineering methods become feasible. The findings of this study reveal that MSCs have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, which makes them an ideal candidate for treating a wide range of human diseases.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 80, Issue 2
March and April 2025
Pages 413-424

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