Investigating the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA in cancer patients

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of microbiology, Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Department of microbiology, Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran,

3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran

10.32592/ARI.2024.79.6.1297

Abstract

Today, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant health concern among long-term hospitalized patients, particularly those with weakened immune systems such as cancer patients. This is primarily due to MRSA's ability to resist antimicrobial agents and drugs. The objective of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of MRSA in cancer patients admitted to hospitals in the southwest region of Iran. The samples collected from these patients were cultured on blood agar and EMB medium. Subsequently, the positive samples containing S. aureus were identified using a phenotypic method. The cefoxitin antibiogram was then applied to isolate MRSA. Additionally, the isolates were tested for simultaneous drug resistance against 12 different antibiotics. In order to detect the presence of the mec gene, the molecular method of PCR technique and electrophoresis of the obtained products were S. aureusS. aureusemployed. Out of the 41 S. aureus samples that were identified, 33 isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Among these 33 MRSA isolates, the mec gene was present and they exhibited simultaneous drug resistance. Cancer patients, who frequently have catheters and receive drugs and blood products, are at an increased risk of being contaminated with this bacteria due to its presence on their skin and the hands of healthcare providers. The indiscriminate use of drugs and the subsequent rise in drug resistance can contribute to prolonged hospitalization and even death among these individuals. Considering that the Ahvaz hospitals, particularly Bagai Hospital, serve as major treatment centers for incurable and cancer patients in southwestern Iran, it is of great value and importance to investigate the resistance pattern in patients undergoing chemotherapy and post-transplantation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Gaddafi MS, Yakubu Y, Junaidu AU, Bello MB, Bitrus AA, Musawa AI, et al. Occurrence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) From Dairy Cows in Kebbi, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2023;17(1):19-26.
  2. Azizkhani M, Tooryan F. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pastry cream products sold in Amol (Iran). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2018;12(2):167-74.
  3. Sahm DF, Critchley IA, Kelly LJ, Karlowsky JA, Mayfield DC, Thornsberry C, et al. Evaluation of current activities of fluoroquinolones against gram-negative bacilli using centralized in vitro testing and electronic surveillance. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2001;45(1):267-74.
  4. Rahnama M, Fazeli-Nasab B, Mazarei A, Shahriari A. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity hydro alcoholic extract of some medicinal herbs against a range of Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. NFVM. 2018;1(1):1-18.
  5. Wisal M, Hamid M, Hadia E, El-Jalii I, Ali A. Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human, animals and environment. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2005;8:278-80.
  6. Fazeli-Nasab B, Rahnama M, Shahriari S. The antimicrobial properties of hydro-alcoholic extracts of 29 medicinal plants on E. Coli and Staphylococcus aureus microbes. NFVM. 2019;1(2):1-15.
  7. Fournier B, Philpott DJ. Recognition of Staphylococcus aureus by the innate immune system. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2005;18(3):521-40.
  8. Malayeri FA, Yazdanpour Z, Bandani H, Fazeli-Nasab B, Saeidi S. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects of Thyme essential oils and Peppermint on Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to different antibiotics. NFVM. 2020;2(2):41-51.
  9. Stefani S, Chung DR, Lindsay JA, Friedrich AW, Kearns AM, Westh H, et al. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): global epidemiology and harmonisation of typing methods. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39(4):273-82.
  10. Glasner C, Sabat AJ, Dreisbach A, Larsen AR, Friedrich AW, Skov RL, et al. Rapid and high-resolution distinction of community-acquired and nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus isolates with identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and spa types. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2013;303(2):70-5.
  11. Silva ECBFd, Antas MdGC, B Neto AM, Rabelo MA, Melo FLd, Maciel MAV. Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus in health care workers at a university hospital of Recife-PE. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008;12:504-8.
  12. Vinodhkumaradithyaa A, Uma A, Srinivasan M, Ananthalakshmi I, Nallasivam P, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among surgical unit staff. Japanese journal of infectious diseases. 2009;62(3):228-9.
  13. Peacock SJ, Paterson GK. Mechanisms of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Annual review of biochemistry. 2015;84:577-601.
  14. Fazeli-Nasab B, Valizadeh M, Beigomi M. The Effect of Artichoke Ethanolic Extract on Antibiotic-Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Women. Int J Infect. 2021;8(3):e114588.
  15. Goudarzi M, Abiri P, Nasirian S, Afshari SG. SCCmec and spa typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection: emergence of spa types t426 and t021 in Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2018;11(5):e62169.
  16. Merlino J, Watson J, Rose B, Beard-Pegler M, Gottlieb T, Bradbury R, et al. Detection and expression of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in multidrug-resistant and non-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Central Sydney, Australia. Journal of Antimicrobial chemotherapy. 2002;49(5):793-801.
  17. Zhang H, Zheng Y, Gao H, Xu P, Wang M, Li A, et al. Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains with an Incomplete Hemolytic Phenotype. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2016;6.
  18. Alavi M, Hamblin MR, Mozafari MR, Rose Alencar de Menezes I, Douglas Melo Coutinho H. Surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles for bacterial decontaminations of blood products. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2022;2(2):87-98.
  19. Tula MY, Filgona J, Kyauta SE, Elisha R. Screening for some virulence factors among bacterial isolates from surfaces of hospital fomites and hands of healthcare workers. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2023;3(1):9-16.
  20. Amini S, Omidi AH, Afkhami H, Sabati H, Mohsenzadeh A, Soleymani A, et al. Frequency of aac (6 ́)-le-aph (2 ́ ́) gene and resistance to Aminoglycoside antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2024;4(2):120-8.
  21. Soltan Dallal MM, Rajabi Z, Mohammadi MR, Bagheri Sadegi A. Investigating outbreaks caused by foodborne diseases and determining common bacterial agents that cause them in Kurdistan province. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2024;4(1):1-8.
  22. Aubais aljelehawy Qh, Hadi Alshaibah LH, Abbas Al- Khafaji ZK. Evaluation of virulence factors among Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf teaching hospital. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2021;1(2):78-87.
  23. Omidi AH, Sabati H, Amini S, Zonobian MA, Mohammadi MR. Staphylococcus aureus in the environment of healthcare centers. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2021;1(4):147-57.
  24. Shamakhteh F, Ibrahim SK, Saki M, Hatif ST. Investigating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples of patients hospitalized in the special care departments of Ahvaz teaching hospitals. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2021;1(4):191-8.
  25. Jafari-Sales A, Jafari B. Evaluation of the Prevalence of mec A Gene in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens of hospitals and treatment centers. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2019;17(3):41-7.
  26. Wang H, Shen J, Zhu C, Ma K, Fang M, Li B, et al. Antibiotics Resistance and Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Raw Milk from Handmade Dairy Retail Stores in Hefei City, China. Foods. 2022;11(15):2185.
  27. Zamanian MH, Shirvani M, Janbakhsh A, Sayad B, Vaziri S, Afshar ZM, et al. Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Patients Hospitalized in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2016-2018). Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. 2021;25(4):e118807.
  28. Omidi M, Firoozeh F, Saffari M, Sedaghat H. Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus according to mecA and femA Genes Among Hospitalized Patients in Kashan and Isfahan Hospitals. Alborz University Medical Journal. 2021;10(1):33-42.
  29. Oche DA, Oyegoke PI, Akpudo MO, Olayinka BO. Antibiotics resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from in-patients of an Orthopaedic Hospital in North-Western Nigeria. Epidemiology and Health System Journal. 2021;8(4):160-6.
Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 79, Issue 6
November and December 2024
Pages 1297-1304

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics