Estimation of Salivary Levels of an Inhibitory Apoptotic Protein Survivin in Oral leukoplakia and Squamous cell carcinoma

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 University of Glasgow, Glasgow Dental School & Hospital, 378, Sauchiehall St, Glasgow

2 Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Constituent Unit of KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belgaum -590010. Karnataka - INDIA.

10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1083

Abstract

Carcinogenesis is set due to excessive proliferation of tumor cells and decrease in rate of apoptosis. Several molecules play a key role in this process, one such molecule that is known to control this process is Survivin. Expression of Survivin is detected in embryonic and adult tissues with demand of high rate of turnover and also in tissue sections of oral precancer and cancer. But data regarding detection of Survivin in saliva is limited. Thus our objective is to estimate and compare salivary Survivin levels (SSL) in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral Leukoplakia (OL) and Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to demonstrate it as a predictive biomarker. Whole Saliva samples were collected from all subjects and assessed for Salivary Survivin levels using ELISA technique. Kruskall Wallis test was applied to compare SSL We found that mean SSL in control group was 301.9 ± 180.35 ng/dl and study groups of OL and OSCC was 285 ± 140.4 and 316.5 ± 176.72 ng/dl. In OL group, highest value was noted in severe dysplasia (407.4 ng/dl) and in OSCC group highest value was noted in WDSCC (311.5ng/dl). Due to inconsistency in distribution of sample, our findings were found to be non-significant (p = 0.796). Our study is first of its kind to detect SSL in NOM, we propose that Survivin do have definitive role in maintaining normal homeostasis of oral mucosa. Gradual upregulation and downregulation of SSL in OL and OSCC can predict aggressive nature of malignancy. Hence, Survivin detection in saliva can be used as a predictive marker of disease progression of oral precancer and cancer.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Hajdu SI. A Note from History: Landmarks in History of Cancer, Part 1. Cancer. 2011;117:1097-1102.
  2. Contran R, Kumar V, Robbins S. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa:WB Saunders. 2005.
  3. Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK. Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022; 22:143-155.
  4. Sahu P, Pinkalwar N, Dubey R, Paroha S, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee T.Biomarkers: An Emerging Tool for Diagnosis of a Disease and Drug Development. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci 2011; 1:9-16.
  5. R.Oliveira, A.Ribeiro-Silva. Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2011; 40: 298–307.
  6. Samaranayake L.Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. International Dental Journal 2007; 57: 295-9.
  7. Deveraux Q, Reed JC.IAP family proteinssuppressors of apoptosis.Genes & Dev 1999; 13: 239-52.
  8. Fukuda S, Pelus L. Survivin, a cancer target with an emerging role in normal adult tissues. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1087-1098.
  9. Li F, Yang J, Ramanath N, Javle M, Tan D. Nuclear or cytoplasmic expression of survivin: What is the significance? Int J Cancer. 2005; 114: 509–512.
  10. Santarelli A, Mascitti M, Lo Russelo L, Bambini F, Emanuelli M, Procaccini M et al: Detection level of salivary survivin in Patients with OSCC. J Carcinogene Mutagene; 2013 :004.
  11. RanganathanK, KavithaL. Oral epithelial dysplasia: Classifications and clinical relevance in risk assessment of oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019;23:19-27.
  12. Akhtar M, Hossain S, Rahman QB, Molla MR. A study on histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its co-relationship with regional metastasis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol.2011;15:168–176.
  13. Radhakrishnan R, Shrestha B, Bajracharya D. Oral Cancer – An Overview: Oral Cancer 2012; 47-64.
  14. Branes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, World DS. Tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Pathol Genet 2005; 67:177-9.
  15. Strimbu K, Tavel JA.What are Biomarkers? Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010;5(6): 463–466.
  16. Liu JL, Gao W, Kang QM, Zhang XJ, Yang SG. Prognostic value of survivin in patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71930.
  17. Yong-Gang Lv, Fang Yu, Qing Y, Jiang-Hao C, Ling W. The role of survivin in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2010; 2: 100–110.
  18. Lin YS, Jung SM, Wu HH, Shiu TF, Tzai FC, Chu JJ. Survivin expression in cardiac myxoma. Chang Gung Med J. 2011; 34:360-6.
  19. Srivastava AK, Singh PK, Singh D, Dalela D, Rath SK, Goel MM, et al. Evaluation of urinary XIAP as a diagnostic biomarker of carcinoma of urinary bladder.Tumour Biol. 2014; 35:8243-8.
  20. Zhou S, Qu X, Yu Z, Zhong L, Ruan M, Ma Cet al. Survivin as a potential early marker in the carcinogenesis of oral sub-mucous fibrosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:575-81.
  21. Lodi G, Franchini R, Bez C, Sardella A, Moneghini L, Pellegrini C, et al. Detection of survivin mRNA in healthy oral mucosa, oral leucoplakia and oral cancer.Oral Dis. 2010; 16:61-7.
  22. Tanaka C, Uzawa K, Shibahara T, Yokoe H, Noma H, Tanzawa H. Expression of an inhibitor of apoptosis, survivin, in oral carcinogenesis.J Dent Res. 2003; 82:607-11.
  23. De Maria S, Pannone G, Bufo P, Santoro A, Serpico R, Metafora S. et al. Survivin gene-expression and splicing isoforms in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009;135:107-16.
  24. Fukuda S, Pelus LM. Regulation of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis family member survivin in normal cord blood and bone marrow CD34(+) cells by hematopoietic growth factors: implication of survivin expression in normal hematopoiesis. Blood. 2001;98:2091-100.
  25. Tran J, Master Z, Yu JL, Rak J, Dumont DJ, Kerbel RS. A role for survivin in chemoresistance of endothelial cells mediated by VEGF.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002; 99:4349-54.
  26. Deguchi M, Shiraki K, Inoue H, Okano H, Ito T, Yamanaka T. et al. Expression of survivin during liver regeneration.Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;297:59-64.
  27. Wu CC, Chang YT, Chang KP, Liu YL, Liu HP, Lee IL, Yu JS. et al. Salivary auto-antibodies as noninvasive diagnostic markers of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014; 23:1569-78.
  28. Lo Muzio L, Farina A, Rubini C, Pezzetti F, Stabellini G, Laino G. et al. Survivin as prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Cancer Lett. 2005;225:27-33.
  29. Al-Jammas, S, Ibrahim Khalel Al-Allaf L, Saeed M. Attenuating Effects of α-tocopherol on Cytarabine-Induced Toxicity in Parotid Salivary Gland of Rabbits: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2024; 18(1): 33-42.
  30. Baghkheirati AA, Shokrpoor S, Hassanzadeh M, Javid Nezhad J, Razmyar J. Papillary Cystadenocarcinoma in a Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2023; 17(4): 409-414.
  31. Babaei M, Yavari M, Zolhavarieh SM, Kalantari Hesari A. A Case History of Gross and Radiological Observations of Agnathia: Otocephaly in a Mehraban Ewe-lamb. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2023;17(4):415-422.
Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 79, Issue 5
September and October 2024
Pages 1083-1089

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics