Anticancer effect of Phyllanthus reticulatus methanolic leaf extract on HCT-116 colon cancer cell line using GC-MS, FTIR analysis

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India.

2 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHRWAD-580003

3 DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD-580003

4 DEPARTMENT OF MIROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD

5 DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD-580003

6 DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY KARNATAK UNIVERSITY DHARWAD

7 Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka, India.

10.32592/ARI.2024.79.5.1013

Abstract

Phyllanthus reticulatus is a plant species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. The plant is native to tropical areas of India, Bangladesh, China, and the Malay Islands. The plant is known for its medicinal properties and has been traditionally used as a diuretic, cooling medicine, and remedy for spongy and bleeding gums. Literature revealed the plant's hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, antinociceptive, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial, anticancer properties. A plant species with significant medicinal potential and its leaves have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications in managing diabetes and diarrhea. This study highlights the chemical profile of P. reticulatus methanolic leaf extract by phytochemical and GC-MS analysis, revealing nine major peaks with active chemical components. FTIR analysis showed the presence of six biologically active functional groups. The methanolic leaf extract showed the existence of 93.44 mg/g, a significant amount of phenolic content, and 55.35 mg/g of flavonoid content. The elemental concentration of plant leaf revealed the presence of 12 elements. The DPPH and PM assay showed the antioxidant properties of the leaf extract, as evidenced by its anticancer property of the leaf extract with 28.56 % cell growth inhibition on the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line at 24 h in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first report on Phyllanthus reticulatus, which reports the spectroscopic and anticancer properties of the leaf extract on colon cancer. The study opens avenues for further investigation into the bioactive constituents of Phyllanthus reticulatus leaves and their mechanisms of action, paving the way for future studies and potential drug development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Ambikapathy, V. (2018). The challenging perspective antimicrobial activity of Phyllanthus reticulatus against clinical microbes, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,Vol. 7, Issue 6 (2018).
  2. Sharma, S., & Kumar, S. (2013). Phyllanthus reticulatus poir. – An important medicinal plant: a review of its phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacological properties. Environmental Science, Medicine, Corpus ID: 7370669.
  3. Tandon, H. L. S. (2005). Methods of analysis of soils, plants, waters, fertilisers & organic manures, Environmental Science, Agricultural and Food Sciences, Corpus ID: 128923123.
  4. International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2022: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2022.
  5. Adamczyk B, Tharmalingam T, Rudd PM. Glycans as cancer biomarkers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-General Subjects. 2012;1820(9):1347-53.
  6. Gupta, P.K. (2017). Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Analysis, Corpus ID: 217240228.
  7. John, M.K., Chuah, H.H. and Neufld, J.H. (1975). Application of improved azomethine H method for the determination of boron in soil and plants. Anal. Lett. 8: 559-568.
  8. Singleton, V. L., Orthofer, R., &Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. In Methods in enzymology. 299, 152-178.
  9. Phuyal, N., Jha, P. K., Raturi, P. P., & Rajbhandary, S. (2020). Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit, Seed, and Bark Extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2020,
  10. Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., & Paganga, G. (1997). Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in plant science, 2(4), 152-159.
  11. Prieto, P., Pineda, M., & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Analytical biochemistry, 269(2), 337-341.
  12. Gonzalez-Rivera, M. L., Barragan-Galvez, J. C., Gasca-Martínez, D., Hidalgo-Figueroa, S., Isiordia-Espinoza, M., & Alonso-Castro, A. J. (2023). In Vivo Neuropharmacological Effects of Neophytadiene. Molecules (Basel,Switzerland), 28(8),3457.
  13. Sudha, T., Chidambarampillai, S., & Mohan, V. R. (2013). GC-MS analysis of bioactive components of aerial parts of Fluggealeucopyrus Willd. (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of applied pharmaceutical science, 3(5), 126-130.
  14. El-Demerdash E. (2011). Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of methyl palmitate. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 254(3), 238–244.
  15. Shimotori, Y., Tsutano, K., Soga, K., Osawa, Y., Aoyama, M., & Miyakoshi, T. (2012). Synthesis of glycosyl ferulate derivatives by amine-promoted glycosylation with regioselective hydrolysis using Novozym 435 and evaluation of their antioxidant properties. Carbohydrate research, 359, 11–17.
  16. Burdge, G. C., Jones, A. E., & Wootton, S. A. (2002). Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of α-linolenic acid metabolism in young men. British Journal of Nutrition, 88(4), 355-363.

17.Sermakkani, M., &Thangapandian, V. (2012). GC-MS analysis of Cassia italica leaf methanol extract. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 5(2), 90-94.

18.Ogunlesi, M., Okiei, W., Ofor, E., &Osibote, A. E. (2009). Analysis of the essential oil from the dried leaves of Euphorbia hirta Linn (Euphorbiaceae), a potential medication for asthma. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(24).

  1. Christen, S., Woodall, A. A., Shigenaga, M. K., Southwell-Keely, P. T., Duncan, M. W., & Ames, B. N. (1997). γ-Tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NOx and complements α-tocopherol: physiological implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 94(7), 3217-3222.
  2. Patwardhan, B. and Mashelkar, R.A., 2009. Traditional medicine inspired approaches to drug discovery can Ayurveda show the way forwards? Drug Discovery Today, 14(15): 804- 811.
  3. Desai, A.G., Qazi, G.N., Ganju, R.K., El-Tamer, M., Singh, J., Saxena, A.K., Bedi, Y.S., Taneja, S.C. and Bhat, H.K., 2008. Medicinal plants and cancer chemoprevention. Current drug metabolism, 9(7), pp.581-591.
  4. Guilford, J.M. and Pezzuto, J.M., 2008. Natural products as inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs., 17: 1341-52.
  5. Khatun, M.H., Nesa, M.L., Islam, R., Ripa, F.A., mamum, A., & Kadir, S. (2014). Antidiabetic and antidiarrheal effects of the methanolic extract of Phyllanthus reticulatus leaves in mice. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 3, 121-127.

24.Izhar, H., Shabbir, A., Shahzad, M., Mobashar, A., & Ahmed, S. S. (2021). Phyllanthus reticulatus Prevents Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer via Downregulation of IL-8 and TNF-α Levels. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2021, 1734752.

  1. Bui Huu Tai, Nguyen Duy Nhut, Nguyen Xuan Nhiem, Tran Hong Quang, Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngan, Bui Thi Thuy Luyen, Tran Thu Huong, Jennifer Wilson, John A. Beutler, Ninh Khac Ban, Nguyen Manh Cuong & Young Ho Kim (2011) An evaluation of the RNase H inhibitory effects of Vietnamese medicinal plant extracts and natural compounds, Pharmaceutical Biology, 49:10, 1046-1051.
  2. Khatun, H., Nesa, L., Alam, B., Nahar, L., Munira, S., & Hosen, A.I. (2013). Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive and CNS Depressant Activities of the Methanolic Extract of Phyllanthus reticulatus Leaves, Medicine.
  3. Manjula, V., & Norman, T.S. (2017). Phyllanthus reticulatus for oral health. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 5, 117-119.
  4. Chellappandian, M., Saravanan, M., Pandikumar, P., Harikrishnan, P., Thirugnanasambantham, K., Subramanian, S., Hairul-Islam, V. I., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2018). Traditionally practiced medicinal plant extracts inhibit the ergosterol biosynthesis of clinically isolated dermatophytic pathogens. Journal de mycologie medicale, 28(1), 143–149.
  5. Dharshini, R. S., Poonkothai, M., Srinivasan, P., Mythili, R., Syed, A., Elgorban, A. M., Selvankumar, T., & Kim, W. (2023). Nano-decolorization of methylene blue by Phyllanthus reticulatus iron nanoparticles: an eco-friendly synthesis and its antimicrobial, phytotoxicity study. Applied nanoscience, 13(3), 2527–2537.
  6. Tang, Y., Sun, L., Wei, J., Sun, C., Gan, C., Xie, X., Liang, C., Peng, C., Wu, H., Zheng, Z., Pan, Z., & Huang, Y. (2022). Network pharmacology identification and in Vivo validation of key pharmacological pathways of Phyllanthus reticulatus (Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract in liver cancer treatment. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 297, 115479.
  7. Murali, V. S., Meena Devi, V. N., Parvathy, P., & Murugan, M. (2020). Phytochemical screening, FTIR spectral analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Pimenta dioica Linn. Materials.
Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 79, Issue 5
September and October 2024
Pages 1013-1021

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics