A Review on Metabolic Paradoxes and their Impact on Metabolism

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France

2 Research and Developpment Departement, Nutri-Logics SA, Weiswampach, Luxembourg

3 Laboratoires Réunis, Junglinster, Luxembourg

4 Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan

Abstract

The current review paper portrays the important link of different nutrients like trace elements, proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, and amino acids with the immune system as well as information related to metabolic paradoxes. Optimum working of the metabolic system is essential because it gives various types of supplements to the human body and aid in chemical pathways. Here related data have been retrieved from two databases i.e., PubMed and Google scholar to grasp detailed knowledge about micronutrients and nutrients as well as their association in the metabolic system. Like protein play important role in the normal development of different immune components, amino acids including alanine, Arginine, and glutamic acid properly control the movement of neutrophils, macrophages, and cytokines. While fatty acids act as an anti-inflammatory agent because they possess the ability to inhibit the expression of the MHC class. Apart from these, many essential molecules like uric acid, proteins, calcium, lanolin are also obtained as end products after catabolic and anabolic reactions, and it was found that the uric acid paradox has a cancer inhibitory role. Additionally, TGF and IL-6 paradoxes have a role in the development of tumors, the onset of diabetes, and low-grade inflammatory disorders respectively. However, the entire functioning of metabolic processes depends upon daily diet because humans get the important nutrient from the diet which further vital role in the immune system. Moreover, it was also observed that calcium paradox is related to heart disorders because high calcium accumulation leads to cardiac disorders. Thus, the complete knowledge about these essential components as well as metabolic paradoxes is very important due to their antagonistic role to plan better and improved therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Keywords

References

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  1. McClements DJ, Decker EA, Park Y, Weiss J, nutrition. Structural design principles for delivery of bioactive components in nutraceuticals and functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2009;49(6):577-606.
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Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 77, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
May and June 2022
Pages 929-941

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