Serological and Histopathological Investigation of Chlamydia abortus in Aborted Ewes in Wasit, Iraq

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq

2 Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq

Abstract

Chlamydia abortus is one of the most important pathogens, which causes a marked economic loss in small ruminants, in particular sheep, worldwide. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of C. abortus in the sera of aborted ewes in Wasit province, Iraq, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), followed by the investigation of the main histopathological alterations that occurred in some organs of the dead newborns. Out of 180 tested samples by ELISA, 32.22% of the evaluated animals showed positive reactions to IgG antibodies toward C. abortus. Concerning the titers of the infection of seropositive ewes, there were significant increases in values of moderate level of antibody titer (55.17%), compared to mild (32.76%) and severe (12.07%) levels of infection. History data showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in the existence of seropositive ewes with other field animals. However, significant increases (P<0.05) were reported in the seropositive ewes existed with goat (91.38%) and cattle (84.48%), while significant decreases (P<0.05) were observed in positive ewes found in donkeys (8.62%), horses (3.45%), and camels (0%). Regarding the histopathology results, the findings of the small intestine showed marked necrosis of intestinal villous, hyperplastic tissues, and necrosis in some mucosal glands; however, in the liver, there was small ductal proliferation with mild portal fibrosis, necrotic debris, and focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma. In conclusion, the findings of this study represent the first Iraqi data concerning Chlamydial detection in aborted ewes; however, further studies in other regions and animal species are necessary to know the actual prevalence of organisms and initiate active measures for control and prevention.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Heidari S, Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, Ansari-Lari M, Masoudian M, Eraghi V. Molecular detection of Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, and Mycoplasma agalactiae in small ruminants’ aborted fetuses in southern Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018;50(4):779-85.
  2. Sachse K, Kuehlewind S, Ruettger A, Schubert E, Rohde G. More than classical Chlamydia psittaci in urban pigeons. Vet Microbiol. 2012;157(3-4):476-80.
  3. Schautteet K, Vanrompay D. Chlamydiaceae infections in pig. Vet Res. 2011;42(1):1-10.
  4. Essig A, Longbottom D. Chlamydia abortus: new aspects of infectious abortion in sheep and potential risk for pregnant women. Curr Clin Microbiol Rep. 2015;2(1):22-34.
  5. Rodolakis A, Laroucau K. Chlamydiaceae and chlamydial infections in sheep or goats. Vet Microbiol. 2015;181(1-2):107-18.
  6. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR, Teimourpour A. Detection of Chlamydia abortus and risk factors for infection in small ruminants in Iran. Small Rumin Res. 2021;197:106339.
  7. Al-Ahmed TA, Salman SS. Seroprevalence of enzootic abortion and border disease in small ruminants in al-basra province, Iraq. Plant Arch. 2020;20(2):2722-7.
  8. Kalender H, Kiliç A, Eröksüz H, Muz A, Kilinç Ü, Taşdemir B. Identification of Chlamydophila abortus infection in aborting ewes and goats in Eastern Turkey. Rev Med Vet. 2013;164(6):295-301.
  9. Ortega N, Caro MR, Gallego MC, Murcia-Belmonte A, Álvarez D, Del Río L, et al. Isolation of Chlamydia abortus from a laboratory worker diagnosed with atypical pneumonia. Ir Vet J. 2015;69(1):1-4.
  10. Al-Hassani MKA, Al-Gharban HA, foad Manher L. Application of Three Diagnostic Serologic Techniques to Detect of Dromedary Camel’ s Brucellosis. Al-Qadisiyah J Pure Sci. 2018;23(2):61-74.
  11. O’Neill L, O’Driscoll Á, Markey B. Comparison of three commercial serological tests for the detection of Chlamydia abortus infection in ewes. Ir Vet J. 2018;71(1):1-9.
  12. Salman SS, Mahmood AK, Mosa ST. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep with or without chlamydiosis in Iraq. Online J Vet Res. 2018;22:615-8.
  13. Hasso SA. Epidemiological study of thermophlic Campylobacter isolated from diarrheic and non diarrheic cows in Baghdad governorate. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2018;42(1):105-13.
  14. Al-Dabagh I, Jasim B, Jarjees M. Seroprevalence of antibodies to toxoplasmosis, brucellosis and chlamydiosis in abortive sheep in Nineveh governorate, Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2014;28(1):21-5.
  15. Dahhir H, Talb O, Asim M. Preliminary study of seroprevalence of border disease virus (bdv) among sheep and goats in mosul city, iraq. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2019;7(7):566-9.
  16. Al-Shaeli SJ, Ethaeb AM, Gharban HA. Molecular and histopathological identification of ovine neosporosis (Neospora caninum) in aborted ewes in Iraq. Vet World. 2020;13(3):597.
  17. Gharban H, Yousif A. First isolation and molecular phylogenetic analysis of coxiella burnetii in lactating cows, Iraq. Bulg J Vet Med. 2021;24(4).
  18. Abbod JCSHB. Detection of (Chlamydophila abortus) antibodies in cattle and sheep in south of Iraq by using of iELISA and passive Heamagglutination tests. Al-Qadisiyah J Vet Med Sci. 2008;7(2).
  19. Fahad OA, Salman SS. Survey for ovine and caprine chlamydiosis by ELISA in AL-Fallujah city/Iraq. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2017;5(6):322-6.
  20. Majid R, Al-Hankaw O, Khder H, Al-Farwachi M. Prevalence of Chlamydophila abortion amongst local small ruminants in Ninavah province-Iraq. Int J Adv Res. 2018;6(4):1028-32.
  21. Aljumaah RS, Hussein MF. Serological prevalence of ovine and caprine chlamydophilosis in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2012;6(11):2654-8.
  1. Al-Qudah K, Sharif L, Raouf R, Hailat N, Al-Domy F. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus shown in Awassi sheep and local goats in Jordan. Vet Med. 2004;49(12):460.
  2. Gokce H, Kacar C, Genc O, Sozmen M. Seroprevalence of Chlamydophila abortus in aborting ewes and dairy cattle. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 2007;51:9-13.
  3. Pinheiro Junior JW, Mota RA, Piatti RM, Oliveira AAdF, Silva AMd, Abreu SRdO, et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus in ovine in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2010;41(2):358-64.
  4. Runge M, Binder A, Schotte U, Ganter M. Investigations concerning the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydia abortus in sheep in correlation with management systems and abortion rate in Lower Saxony in 2004. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2012;125(3/4):10-5.
  5. Huang S, Wu S, Xu M, Zhou D, Danba C, Gong G, et al. First record of Chlamydia abortus seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in Tibet, China. Small Rumin Res. 2013;112(1-3):243-5.
  6. Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in sheep and goats in Iran. Iran J Vet Med. 2015;9(2):73-7.
  7. Sánchez-Rocha L, Arellano-Reynoso B, Hernández-Castro R, Palomares-Resendiz G, Barradas-Piña F, Díaz-Aparicio E. Presence of Chlamydia abortus in goats with a history of abortions in Mexico. Abanico veterinario. 2021;11.
  1. Hazlett MJ, McDowall R, DeLay J, Stalker M, McEwen B, van Dreumel T, et al. A prospective study of sheep and goat abortion using real-time polymerase chain reaction and cut point estimation shows Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila abortus infection concurrently with other major pathogens. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013;25(3):359-68.
  2. Gonzalez-Astudillo V, Henning J, Valenza L, Knott L, McKinnon A, Larkin R, et al. A necropsy study of disease and comorbidity trends in morbidity and mortality in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) in South-East Queensland, Australia. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):1-11.
  3. Mora Díaz JC, Díaz Aparicio E, Herrera López E, Suárez Güemes F, Escalante Ochoa C, Jaimes Villarreal S, et al. Isolation of Chlamydia abortus in dairy goat herds and its relation to abortion in Guanajuato, Mexico. Vet Mex. 2015;2(1):01-11.
  4. Theegarten D, Sachse K, Mentrup B, Fey K, Hotzel H, Anhenn O. Chlamydophila spp. infection in horses with recurrent airway obstruction: similarities to human chronic obstructive disease. Respir Res. 2008;9(1):1-9.
  5. Rank RG, Yeruva L. Hidden in plain sight: chlamydial gastrointestinal infection and its relevance to persistence in human genital infection. Infect Immun. 2014;82(4):1362-71.
Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 77, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
May and June 2022
Pages 1105-1111

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics