Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Companion Birds and Poultry in the Northeast of Iran

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4 1. Department of Avian Diseases , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and burn wounds in humans. The evolution of antibiotic-resistant enterococci raised a problem due to the possibility of the transmission of these organisms between poultry and human. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species among companion birds and poultry in the Northeastern of Iran and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterococci. To this end, oral and cloacal swabs were collected from 150 caged birds. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the standard disk diffusion method. The results revealed that out of 150 samples, 56 (37.33%) cases contained enterococci. Most of the specimens (25.33%) were Enterococcus faecalis isolated from 6.66% of the samples. Additionally, 2.66% and 1.33% of the samples were contaminated with Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus gallinarum, respectively. Furthermore, Enterococcus malodoratus and Enterococcus raffinosus were isolated from 0.66% of the samples. The results revealed that all of the isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Most of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed resistance to Cefazolin, Tiamulin, Flumequine, and Cephalexin. Accordingly, the majority of the isolates had multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the birds living close to humans requires thorough observations due to the transmission of these organisms to humans.

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Main Subjects


Article Title [French]

Profil de Sensibilité aux Antimicrobiens des Espèces d'Entérocoques Isolées chez des Oiseaux et des Volailles de Compagnie dans le Nord-est de l'Iran

Abstract [French]

Les entérocoques sont des bactéries anaérobies facultatives à Gram positif communément présentes dans le tractus gastro-intestinal des mammifères et des oiseaux. Ces cocci sont isolés d'infections des voies urinaires, de bactériémies, d'endocardites et de brûlures chez l'homme. L'évolution des entérocoques résistants aux antibiotiques pose un problème en raison de la possibilité de transmission de ces organismes entre la volaille et l'homme. À cet égard, la présente étude a été menée pour évaluer la prévalence des espèces d'entérocoques chez les oiseaux de compagnie et les volailles dans le nord-est de l'Iran et déterminer le profil de sensibilité aux antibiotiques des entérocoques. À cette fin, des frottis buccaux et cloacaux ont été prélevés chez 150 oiseaux en cage. Le profil de sensibilité aux antibiotiques a été déterminé en utilisant la méthode de diffusion de disque standard. Les résultats ont révélé que sur 150 échantillons, 56 (37,33%) contenaient des entérocoques. La plupart des spécimens (25,33%) étaient des Enterococcus faecalis isolés de 6,66% des échantillons. En outre, 2,66% et 1,33% des échantillons étaient contaminés par Enterococcus mundtii et Enterococcus gallinarum, respectivement. En outre, Enterococcus malodoratus et Enterococcus raffinosus ont été isolés à partir de 0,66% des échantillons. Les résultats ont révélé que tous les isolats d'E. Faecalis et d'E. Faecium étaient résistants à plus de cinq agents antimicrobiens. La plupart des isolats d'E. Faecalis et d'E . Faecium ont montré une résistance à la céfazoline, à la tiamuline, à la fluméquine et à la céphalexine. En conséquence, la majorité des isolats présentaient une résistance multiple aux antibiotiques testés. En conclusion, la présence d'entérocoques multirésistants chez les oiseaux vivant à proximité de l'homme nécessite des observations approfondies en raison de la transmission de ces organismes à l'homme.

Keywords [French]

  • Entérocoques
  • Oiseaux: Résistance aux Antibiotiques
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