Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses (H5Nx Subtypes) in Wild Birds in Iran, 2014-2019

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of clinical Science, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran

3 Wildlife diseases Research Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran

6 Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria

Abstract

After the emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) subtypes H5N6 in 2013 and H5N8 in 2014, a surveillance study using molecular epidemiology approaches was carried out during 2014 – 2019 in Iran to discover any potential introduction or outbreak of HPAIV in wild bird populations. All sick and dead wild birds found in nature, or in cases of an outbreak, a collection of representative samples was tested using the specific molecular methods for HPAIV H5 subtypes. Additionally, wild bird species in wetlands, several zoos, zoological gardens, or rehabilitation centers were tested for HPAIV. During the active surveillance plan, several individual and outbreak cases of HPAIV and orthoavulaviruses were identified. In general, more than 900 fecal materials, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs, and/or tissue samples were collected from apparently healthy live birds representing several different species and families. In addition, tissue and swab samples were collected and investigated from any reported wild birds’ mortality cases in different parts of Iran in the framework of this study. No positive bird was found among apparently healthy live birds; however, the highly pathogenic influenza viruses of H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, and H5N8 were found in individual dead birds or mass die-off cases.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [French]

Surveillance des Virus de la Grippe Aviaire Hautement Pathogènes (Sous-Types H5Nx) chez les Oiseaux Sauvages en Iran, 2014-2019

Abstract [French]

Après l'émergence des sous-types de virus de la grippe aviaire hautement pathogène (VIAHP) H5N6 en 2013 et H5N8 en 2014, une étude de surveillance utilisant des approches d'épidémiologie moléculaire a été menée en 2014-2019 en Iran pour découvrir toute introduction ou épidémie potentielle de virus VIAHP dans les populations d'oiseaux sauvages. Tous les oiseaux sauvages malades et morts trouvés dans la nature, ou en cas d'épidémie, une collection d'échantillons représentatifs a été testée en utilisant les méthodes moléculaires spécifiques pour les sous-types VIAHP H5. De plus, des espèces d'oiseaux sauvages dans les zones humides, plusieurs zoos, jardins zoologiques ou centres de réhabilitation ont été testées pour le VIAHP. Au cours du plan de surveillance active, plusieurs cas individuels et épidémiques de VIAHP et d'orthoavulavirus ont été identifiés. En général, plus de 900 matières fécales, écouvillonnages cloacaux et oropharyngés et/ou échantillons de tissus ont été prélevés sur des oiseaux vivants apparemment en bonne santé représentant plusieurs espèces et familles différentes. En outre, des échantillons de tissus et d'écouvillons ont été collectés et étudiés à partir de tous les cas de mortalité d'oiseaux sauvages signalés dans différentes parties de l'Iran dans le cadre de cette étude. Aucun oiseau positif n'a été trouvé parmi les oiseaux vivants apparemment sains; cependant, les virus grippaux hautement pathogènes H5N1, H5N2, H5N6 et H5N8 ont été trouvés dans des oiseaux morts individuels ou dans des cas de mortalité massive.

Keywords [French]

  • virus de la grippe aviaire hautement pathogène (VIAHP)
  • Surveillance
  • oiseaux sauvages
  • épidémie
  • Iran

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Archives of Razi Institute
Volume 76, Issue 3
September 2021
Pages 487-498

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