Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201A study on the genetic analysis of clinical isolates and vaccine strains of Bordetella pertussis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)آنالیز ژنتیکی سویههای بالینی و واکسینال سیاه سرفه به روش پالس فیلد ژل الکتروفورزیس21922510750210.22034/ari.2016.107502ENA. BahmanjehDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinnary, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, IranP. KhakiRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8839-1023S. Moradi BidhendiRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranR. HosseinpourRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranM. NoofeliRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4991-4631Journal Article20161224Considering the circulation of <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> clinical strains among populations with high vaccination coverage, it is necessary to have a proper understanding of this bacterium causing whooping cough. Various techniques, which are available for studying <em>B. pertussis</em>, can facilitate a proper comparison between different populations. We genotypically analyzed a collection of two vaccine strains used for the production of killed pertussis vaccine during 2000-2014 at Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Ten clinical and two reference (Tohama 1 and 18323) strains were used by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The genetic profiles of the vaccine master and working seeds showed no significant changes in the frequency of fingerprint types in the vaccine strains; also, the homogeneity of the profiles was demonstrated. However, the clinical isolates showed heterogeneity in the genetic profiles. In addition, serotyping was performed with monoclonal antisera to agglutinogens 2 and 3. Analysis of the fimbriae showed that all ten clinical strains expressed Fim3.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201Characterization of reoviruses isolated from some broiler breeder flocks in Iranکاراکتریزاسیون مولکولی رئو ویروس پرندگان جدا شده از برخی گله های مرغ مادر ایران22723410750710.22034/ari.2016.107507ENM. HedayatiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran & Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranM. ShoojadostDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranS.M. PeighambariDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranA. Ghalyanchi LangeroudiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161224Avian reoviruses (ARVs) are considered as an important cause of several diseases in poultry, particularly<br />arthritis and tenosynovitis. Tenosynovitis and arthritis, which are among the causes of chronic lameness in<br />breeder flocks, can result in reduced egg production and culling of breeder hens. In this study, the molecular<br />characteristics of ARVs in some broiler breeder flocks were investigated in Iran. After RNA extraction of the<br />field samples, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify two regions<br />of ARVs for S1 and S4 genes. The positive samples were further analyzed by five restriction enzymes in<br />restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for determining the strains. The phylogenetic analysis of S1<br />and S4 genes from the isolates indicated divergence into five and four major lineages, respectively. The<br />sequence analysis of S1 and S4 genes of ARVs revealed that most of the positive samples were closely related to<br />tenosynovitis-inducing ARVs (with less than 2% nucleotide divergence). Also, these samples were most<br />homologous to S1133 strain, with 99.90% nucleotide and amino acid affinity.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201Isolation of lytic bacteriophages against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in poultry in the northwest of Iranجداسازی باکتریوفاژهای لیتیک علیه سویه های بیماریزای اشریشیاکلی طیور در شمالغرب ایران23524410750810.22034/ari.2016.107508ENR. MajdaniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, IranJournal Article20161224In this study, 90 internal organ samples of poultry with symptoms of colibacillosis were obtained from Maragheh poultry farms in East Azerbaijan, Iran. In total, 70 bacterial isolates were confirmed as <em>Escherichia coli </em>(<em>E. coli</em>) strains using standard biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method. Antibiotics used in this study included ampicillin, penicillin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and sulfamethoxazole (n=8). Ciprofloxacin showed the highest susceptibility, while the lowest susceptibility was observed with penicillin and amoxicillin. Among the bacterial isolates, 50% showed resistance to at least five antibiotics, and 10 isolates with multidrug resistance were selected for bacteriophage (phage) isolation against recent <em>E. coli</em> isolates using spot test and double-layer agar overlay technique. In addition, water samples for phage isolation were provided from rivers, poultry farm sewages, and an urban sewage treatment center. In total, eight phages were successfully isolated from the urban sewage treatment center (total: 10). After enrichment, purification and titration, phages were further concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation. Lowest and highest bacteriophage titers were determined to be 1.05×10<sup>6</sup> and 1.9×10<sup>9 </sup>PFU/ml, respectively. Host range of the isolated phages was assayed by spot testing, and antibacterial effects against four <em>E. coli</em> isolates were observed in one of the isolated phage suspensions, which was introduced as the most potentiated agent for phage therapy. In the morphological analysis of the selected phage using an electron microscope, we observed a hexagonal head with a diameter of 95 nm and contractile tail length of 90 nm, which indicated its similarity to the <em>Myoviridae </em>family. In conclusion, results of this study showed that bacteriophages could be appropriate alternatives to combat pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> strains with antibiotic resistance in poultry. Considering the changeable antibacterial effects of bacteriophages against different isolates of extraintestinal avian pathogenic <em>E. coli</em>, it is suggested that future investigations be conducted regarding the efficacy of lytic phages against different bacterial strains for the effective control of the associated infections in this region of Iran.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201A study on prevalence of some helminthic infections of the liver and lungs among ruminants in abattoir of Fars province, Iranبررسی کشتارگاهی آلودگی کبد و ریه نشخوارکنندگان به کرمهای انگلی زئونوز در استان فارس، ایران24525110750910.22034/ari.2016.107509ENT. MohamadzadehDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranS. ShamsFars Industrial Abattoir, Shiraz, IranK. KhanalihaResearch Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranM.H. MarhamatizadehDepartment of food hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, IranA. VafaFars Veterinary Network, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20161224Zoonotic helminths are often transmitted to humans through domestic animals. This retrospective study was performed to estimate the prevalence of some important zoonotic helminthic infections of the liver and lung including echinococcosis, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun and Shiraz abattoirs, Fars, Iran, during 2011-2013. A total of 12381 sheep, 6473 cattle, 22847 goats, 66 camels, and 10 buffalos were analyzed with regard to liver and lung helminthic infections including hydatidosis, fasciolosis, and dicrocoeliasis in Kazerun, during March 2011-January 2013. Moreover, 121100 sheep, 23515 cattle, 81293 goats, and 69 camels were investigated for the mentioned infections in Shiraz abattoir during one year since March 2012. Kazerun abattoir: The prevalence rates of liver hydatid cysts were 0.86%, 2.1%, 0.76%, and 15.1% in sheep, cattle, goats, and camels, respectively, whereas the prevalence rates of pulmonary hydatid cysts were 0.89%, 2.36%, 0.9%, and 16.6% in the mentioned animals, respectively. Fasciolosis was detected in 0.33%, 1.65%, and 0.24% of condemnation livers of sheep, cattle, and goats, respectively. However, dicrocoeliasis was just prevalent in 0.004% of goat livers. Shiraz abattoir: the prevalence rates of liver hydatid cysts were 3.44%, 3.12%, 2.94%, and 2.9% in slaughtered sheep, cattle, goats, and camels, respectively. In addition, 4.54%, 4.33%, 4%, and 4.35% of the lung of the mentioned animals were infected with hydatid cysts, respectively. Prevalence rates of <em>Fasciola spp </em>in slaughtered sheep and cattle were 2.49% and 1.86%, respectively, and rate of <em>D. dendriticum</em> infection in slaughtered sheep, cattle, and goats were 0.026%, 0.91%, and 4%, respectively. As compared with reports from other studies, it seems that Fars is among the low-endemic regions regarding this type of infection.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201Identification of ectoparasites in indigenous poultry in southern areas of West Azerbaijan, Iran: A study on the prevalence and importance of these parasitesشناسایی انگل های خارجی در طیور بومی مناطق جنوبی آذربایجان غربی، ایران : شیوع و اهمیت25325810751010.22034/ari.2016.107510ENM. EbrahimiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran0000-0002-1595-2704K. SamieiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranD. AnoushehDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranM.H. Razi JalaliDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,IranJournal Article20161224Poultry products are considered as one of the most important sources of food for humans, worldwide. Indigenous poultry production has grown in popularity among villagers and some urbanites due to simple maintenance conditions, adequate adaption of poultry to different climatic conditions, and acceptable product yield. Parasites are among the main pathogenic agents, threatening the health of poultry and poultry products. The present study was carried out in northwest of Iran between March 2013 and December 2015 to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite species, infesting local chickens. Different parts of the bird''s body were inspected for ectoparasites. The parasites were collected from the birds by displaying the feathers horizontally against the anatomical orientation for the purpose of exposure. Then, the separated parasites were identified according to the diagnostic guidelines. Based on the findings, of 160 chickens examined, 110 (68.7%) samples had one or more types of ectoparasites. The prevalence of infestation was higher in females (74.5%) than males (56%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). <em>Menopon gallinae </em>was the most frequent species (65.4%), followed by <em>Menacanthus stramineus </em>(37.2%), <em>Lipeurus caponis </em>(10.9%), and <em>Dermanyssus gallinae </em>(9.1%). The present study indicated that ectoparasitic infestation was highly prevalent among chickens in the studied areas. However, further detailed studies are recommended with a focus on ectoparasites infestations and their impacts.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201Histopathological changes and biochemical analysis of sulfadiazine injected in egg in chicken embryo pectoral musclesمطالعه تغییرات آسیب شناختی و تحلیل بیوشیمیایی سولفادیازین تزریق شده در تخم مرغ بر روی عضله سینهای جنین جوجهها25926710751110.22034/ari.2016.107511ENH. GolshahiDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran,IranR. SayrafiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranA. AraghiDepartment of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranM. Abouhosseini TabariDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, IranJournal Article20161224This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of sulfadiazine on embryonic chicken pectoral muscles. In total, 100 fertile eggs were obtained and divided into five groups of control (no injection) and sulfadiazine injection at doses of 2, 10, 30, and 70 mg/kg. After hatching, pectoral muscle tissues were harvested from the newly hatched chickens for histopathological examination and measurement of oxidative stress parameters. Microscopic examination of pectoral muscle samples indicated that sulfadiazine administration changed the histopathological structure of chicken pectoral muscles only at very high doses (30 and 70 mg/kg). Major histopathologic events associated with sulfadiazine cytotoxicity were multifocal degeneration, necrotic tissue changes, and inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly mononuclear cells) around degenerated and necrotic muscle fibers. Moreover, sulfadiazine at doses of 10, 30 and 70 mg/kg increased malondialdehyde level and decreased glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total carotenoid, which indicated oxidative damage in broiler skeletal muscles. Therefore, it could be concluded that in-egg administration of up to 10 mg/kg of sulfadiazine is safe for chicken embryo, whereas dosage of 30 mg/kg (or above) is considered highly toxic.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201The effect of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) injection combined with prostaglandin F2α (pGF2α) and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on reproductive performance of Zandi ewes during non-breeding seasonاثر تزریق eCG به همراه PGF2α و GnRH بر عملکرد تولیدمثلی میش های زندی در خارج فصل تولیدمثل26927910751210.22034/ari.2016.107512ENA. Hosseinzadeh AskiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Ghaemshahr, IranR. MasoudiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranA. Zare ShahnehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranS. AsadzadehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Ghaemshahr, IranE. DirandehDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, IranH. SadeghipanahAnimal Science Research Institute, Karaj, IranJournal Article20161224In this study, we aimed to investigate reproductive performance in estrus-induced Zandi ewes treated with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) injection in combination with prostaglandin F<sub>2</sub>α (PGF<sub>2</sub>α)and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) during non-breeding season. The estrous cycle was synchronized using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) for 12 days. The ewes were randomly assigned to five groups (n=100 in each group). The first group (control) did not receive hormone injection, the second group (eCG) received 400 IU of eCG at the time of CIDR removal, the third group (eCG+PGF2α) received 400 IU of eCG and 1 ml of PGF2α at the time of CIDR removal, the fourth group (eCG+GnRH) received 400 IU of eCG at the time of CIDR removal and 1 ml of GnRH injection on the day of insemination, and the fifth group (eCG+PGF2α+GnRH) received 400 IU of eCG, 1 ml of PGF2α at the time of CIDR removal, and 1 ml of GnRH on the day of insemination. The results showed that the heat response rate was higher in all the groups receiving hormonal injections compared with the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the lambing and parturition rateswere significantly (P<0.05) higher in the groups receiving GnRH compared with other treatments.In fact, in groups receiving eCG and PGF2α, lambing and parturition rateswere higher than the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, use of eCG at the time of CIDR removal and GnRH on the day of insemination increased reproductive performance. Therefore, it can be applied as a strategy for increasing lambing rate in ewes.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343971420161201Alimentary tract parasites of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops): A potential reservoir for human transmissionانگلهای دستگاه گوارش میمون زرد آفریقایی (Cercopithecus aethiops): مخزن بالقوه برای انتقال به انسان27728110751310.22034/ari.2016.107513ENA. DalimiDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5591-9913G. MotamediRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranM.H. HablolvaridRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranA. AbdoliDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161224Monkeys are important experimental models for investigating human diseases. The aim of this study was to survey the alimentary tract parasites among imported vervet monkeys (C<em>ercopithecus aethiops</em>) to Iran. Fecal samples were collected from 40 vervets imported from Tanzania to Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute of Iran. Fecal samples were assessed by direct smear and Telman sedimentation methods. The results of microscopic examination demonstrated that all (100%) the animals were infected with different alimentary tract parasites. The protozoan parasites comprised of <em>Iodamoeba butschlii</em> (85%), <em>Entamoeba</em> <em>coli</em> (72.5%), <em>Entamoeba</em> <em>histolytica</em>/<em>dispar</em> (37.5%), <em>Chilomastix</em> <em>mesnili</em> (12.5%), <em>Balantidium</em> <em>coli</em> (10%), <em>Blastocystis</em> <em>hominis</em> (7.5%), and <em>Giardia</em> <em>intestinalis</em> (5%). Additionally, eggs of some helminths, including <em>Physaloptera</em> <em>caucasica</em> (27.5%), <em>Trichostrongylus</em> spp. (7.5%), <em>Trichuris</em> <em>trichiura</em> (7.5%), <em>Bertiella</em> spp. (2.5%), and <em>Strongyloides</em> <em>fulleborni</em> (2.5%), were detected. The presence of gastrointestinal parasites in vervetsposes a risk for human or experimental results. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of these parasites should be considered before any laboratory assay.