Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Influenza A Virus Subtype H3N2 as a New Threat for Iranian?1213514410.32598/ARI.81.1.3979ENPiruzShadbashDepartment of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0008-1328-482XMarziehBahari BabadiDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20251206We write to urgently alert clinicians, public-health authorities, and the International Influenza Community to the rapidly evolving threat posed by Influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Iran and the surrounding region. Recent surveillance and field reports indicate an accelerating H3N2 wave in Iran coinciding with the global rise of a genetically divergent A(H3N2) subclade (“subclade K”), raising the possibility of increased morbidity, vaccine mismatch, and healthcare strain unless immediate coordinated actions are taken.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_135144_b7a60bc8b06e4b86150201160c2df65d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Wetland Viruses and the Increasing Threat of Tick-borne Arboviruses3813419710.32598/ARI.81.1.3632ENBalamuruganShanmugarajDepartment of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India.
& Centre for Natural Products and Functional Foods, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, IndiaHarishMani ChandraDepartment of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, India.Journal Article20250422Arboviruses are responsible for many emerging and reemerging diseases that represent a significant public health threat globally, affecting millions of people annually and putting over half of the global population at risk. These viruses primarily depend on mosquito or tick vectors for transmission to vertebrate hosts. Ticks are one of the major vectors transmitting a wide range of arboviruses that are known to cause serious infectious diseases in both animals and humans. The geographic expansion and increasing prevalence of tick-borne viruses pose significant prevention and control challenges. Amid the global health challenges resulting from the Coronavirus disease pandemic and the recent resurgence of monkeypox, which has been designated a public health emergency of international concern, another febrile illness has been reported in northeastern China that has drawn attention. Recently, a new tick-borne virus, the Wetland virus associated with human febrile illness and closely related to the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, has been identified in a patient admitted to a hospital in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China, after a tick bite. The affected individuals showed variable degrees of clinical symptoms. It is essential to remain vigilant about this new viral outbreak. As it is a new virus, there are no reports available demonstrating effective vaccines or drugs for the treatment of the Wetland virus. In this review, an outline of the Wetland virus and insights into the tick-borne arboviral infections are provided. Further, the need for the development of effective treatments, surveillance measures, and prevention strategies to mitigate future outbreaks is also highlighted.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134197_6aa7ecb0656ae6e7750277d2e5789772.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Comparison of the Genotypes of the West Nile Virus Identified in Iran and Neighboring Countriesمقایسه ژنوتایپی سویه های ویروس تب نیل غربی شناسایی شده در ایران و کشورهای هم جوار92013419510.32598/ARI.81.1.3624ENHamidStajiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranSeyedeh FatemehAngoshtanDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20250418West Nile virus (WNV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by arthropods, and it is a public health concern globally. WNV was originally isolated in Uganda, and within a short period, it spread widely and caused outbreaks worldwide. We conducted this study to analyze strains from Iran, Azerbaijan, the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Iraq, and Turkey to understand WNV spread, genetic diversity, and evolution, and to improve monitoring and control programs by evaluating the sources of introduction and modes of transmission. A total of 93 gene sequences from Iran and neighboring countries were downloaded from the NCBI Virus database. After filtering, 89 sequences were used for analysis and the construction of phylogenetic trees for several genes, alongside the genome sequences of reference lineages 1 and 2 for comparison. Sequence alignment was performed in MEGA version 10 via ClustalW. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Phylogenetic grouping stability was determined via bootstrap analysis (1,000 replications). Our analyses of the capsid, envelope protein, and NS5 genes demonstrated the importance of Iran in the circulation of WNV in the region. Although some sequences from Iran cluster with Turkish sequences, others show evidence of independent evolution. The clustering of Azerbaijani sequences with Turkish sequences and the divergence of Iraqi and Pakistani strains revealed varying degrees of connectivity and isolation. Furthermore, the hosts identified in the region include different species of mosquitoes, birds, and mammals, which are described in detail. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed the geographical distribution of WNV transmission. The genetic diversity and connectivity of the strains provide crucial information for epidemic prediction, viral transmission, and areas that require enhanced surveillance. In the future, these evolutionary patterns will also assist in monitoring WNV transmission in Iran and its neighboring countries.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134195_31e54a9821c125bc6c9ae09506d65a00.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Reducing Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity With Dapsone, Febuxostat, Telmisartan213013229610.32598/ARI.81.1.3165ENNajmaldinSakiThalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.RichardEric KastIIAIGC Study Center, Burlington, United States.Seyed SobhanBahreinyStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.MojtabaAghaeiThalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. & Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20240531Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely recognized for its efficacy in cancer treatment but also associated with a significant risk of inducing cardiomyopathy, both acutely and over the long term. The underlying mechanisms of myocardial damage involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myocardial infiltration by neutrophils, elevated levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as an increase in cardiac xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. This review presents and evaluates the burgeoning field of interventions aimed at reducing the cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent. To mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, we introduce a novel therapeutic approach termed the dapsone, febuxostat, telmisartan (DFT) therapy. This regimen involves the administration of dapsone, febuxostat, and telmisartan—compounds known for their cardioprotective effects. This review synthesizes findings from the literature, detailing how each component of the DFT regimen contributes to cardioprotection through mechanisms such as the attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating cardiac enzyme activities. Research on the DFT regimen has yielded encouraging outcomes in attenuating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Dapsone, febuxostat, and telmisartan, both individually and in combination, have demonstrated a capacity to protect the heart by inhibiting ROS production, diminishing neutrophil infiltration, reducing levels of MPO and TNF-α, and suppressing XO activity. Furthermore, these agents are implicated in preserving cardiac function, preventing myocardial injury, and averting adverse remodeling. The DFT therapy presents a promising approach to reducing the cardiotoxic effects associated with doxorubicin in cancer patients. The collective evidence suggests that the DFT regimen not only attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic effects but also preserves cardiac function, prevents myocardial injury, and averts adverse remodeling, underscoring its potential as an adjunctive therapy. Nonetheless, further preclinical and clinical studies are essential to confirm the cardioprotective efficacy of this regimen and to refine its application in oncology.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_132296_dc6ace40a43fc20106bb53dd5fb919b8.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Livestock: Molecular Insights, Epidemiological Dynamics, and Next-Generation Control Strategies314413490910.32598/ARI.81.1.3901ENMuhammad WasifGulzarFaculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.SanaRiazAnimal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
& Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, PakistanMuhammad MubeenAhmadInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.SidraZulfiqarAnimal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad(NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
(PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.Journal Article20251016Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS), caused by Pasteurella multocida serotypes B:2 and E:2, remains one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of cattle and buffalo in tropical and subtropical regions. Its hyperacute course, high mortality, and recurring outbreaks impose major economic losses, particularly on smallholder farming systems, where food security and livelihoods are already fragile. Despite centuries of recognition, HS persists as a neglected threat due to its complex molecular pathogenesis, dynamic epidemiology, and the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). At the molecular level, P. multocida deploys adhesins, toxins, capsules, iron acquisition systems, and biofilm formation to evade host immunity and trigger systemic septicemia. Comparative genomics underscores substantial strain diversity, plasmid-mediated resistance genes, and virulence islands, which complicate therapeutic and vaccine development. Epidemiologically, HS is driven by geography, seasonal monsoon patterns, host susceptibility, and environmental reservoirs that maintain persistent transmission cycles. Conventional bacterin vaccines and antimicrobials, though historically central to control, often fail under field conditions, with resistance to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and β-lactams increasingly reported. Emerging strategies, including recombinant and DNA vaccines, live-attenuated and aerosolized platforms, and immunomodulatory approaches, show promise but remain insufficiently validated in endemic contexts. Parallel advances in multi-omics, precision livestock farming (PLF), and molecular surveillance provide new opportunities, yet face barriers such as infrastructure, cost, and regulatory inertia. This review consolidates current insights into HS pathogenesis, epidemiology, AMR, and vaccine development, while identifying critical gaps and research priorities. Its scope is to bridge molecular discoveries with field-level applications, offering a framework for sustainable HS control and mitigation of its global burden.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134909_325140108358b1e2a6b5157b50cd1f46.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Anti-oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Activity, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis Induced by Nectaroscordum tripedale Essential Oil455213383710.32598/ARI.81.1.3155ENPegahShakibRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.RoshanakAbbasiRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.FatemehTavakolRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.MohammadRezaeiStudent Research Committee, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, School of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.ZeinabSharafiRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.AidaHemmatiRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.AsmaSepahdarRazi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.Journal Article20240524<strong>Introduction</strong>: In recent years, advancements in cancer research have led to the identification of numerous bioactive compounds derived from natural sources, particularly plants, many of which exhibit promising antitumor properties. For centuries, plants have been the primary source for the discovery of various medicines. Among these, essential oils (EOs) and their constituents have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their potent anticancer effects. Much research is being conducted around the world to discover natural compounds that can inhibit or prevent the development of cancer. The current study explores the anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms of EO extracted from Nectaroscordum tripedale (N. tripedale EO) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: After extraction of the EO, its chemical profile was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which identified Germacrene-D as the predominant component, accounting for 32.3% of the oil’s composition. The cytotoxicity of N. tripedale EO was assessed using the MTT assay on both human oral cancer cells (KB) and normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF1). The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was determined through probit analysis.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Further evaluation focused on the oil’s effect on apoptosis-related genes, revealing a marked upregulation of caspase-3 and Bax, alongside a downregulation of Bcl-2, in both HGF1-RT1 and KB cell lines following treatment with the oil at ½ CC50 and CC50 doses. Additionally, DNA synthesis was found to be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner across both cancerous and normal cells.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of N. tripedale EO as an effective anticancer agent, capable of inducing apoptosis, reducing the viability of malignant cells, and suppressing DNA replication.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133837_c6b68a4afeecf887aa09551f8c853bb6.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Relative Frequency of HTLV-І Infection in Blood Donors in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iranفراوانی نسبی عفونت HTLV-І در اهداکنندگان خون اهواز، جنوب غرب ایران535813322410.32598/ARI.81.1.3182ENMehdiParsanahadDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.RoohangizeNashibiInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ManoochehrMakvandiDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.FatemeAhmadiInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.BijanHelliNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ZahraLotfiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20240611<strong>Introduction</strong>: Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is recognized as the first human retrovirus. It constitutes a significant health concern in endemic areas, with HTLV-1 primarily disseminated through infected biological fluids, such as blood, breast milk, and semen. Contributory risk factors encompass unprotected sexual intercourse, intravenous drugs use, tissue transplantation, as well as blood and blood component donation. HTLV-I is implicated in two critical pathologies: Adult T-cell leukemia and tropical spastic paraparesis. The geographic prevalence of HTLV-I exhibits global variability, including within the context of Iran. This investigation was undertaken to assess the prevalence of the HTLV-I virus among blood donors in Ahvaz. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: In this cross-sectional analysis, a total of 777 blood donors were enrolled, comprising 771(99.2%) males and 6(0.8%) females, with a mean age of 38.08±8.42 years. All blood specimens were systematically evaluated for HTLV-I antibodies utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocols. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Positive cases were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis utilizing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from the positive ELISA blood specimen. Among the 777 blood donors, a single case (0.1%) tested positive for the HTLV-І antibody. The individual in question was a 35-year-old male married with no documented history of blood transfusions, surgical procedures, dialysis, intravenous drug use, phlebotomy, or engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors, either personally or through his spouse. The PCR analysis yielded a negative result. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings of this investigation indicate that HTLV-І infection is not endemic among blood donors in Ahvaz, and thus, the screening of blood samples for HTLV-І infection in this region does not seem to be warranted.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133224_9eb29b029d29b834ccd8d76e4606e4e7.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Morphological and Molecular Identification of Eimeria spp. Infecting Broiler Chicken Farms in Iranشناسایی مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی گونه های ایمریا آلوده شدن مزارع مرغ گوشتی در ایران596413323610.32598/ARI.81.1.3307ENMojtabaKhoiniDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, Ab.C., Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.AfshinBahman ShabestariDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, Ab.C., Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.RahmatSolgiInfectious Disease Research Center, Avicenna Institute of Clinical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.Journal Article20240903<strong>Introduction</strong>: The poultry industry in Iran plays a crucial role in the country’s economy and food security. However, it faces numerous challenges, including parasitic infections such as Eimeria spp. This study aims to provide a comprehensive morphological and molecular characterization of Eimeria spp. infecting broiler chickens in Iran. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Fresh fecal samples were collected from chickens (18–45 days old) across 149 farms located in various regions of Iran. The fecal samples were subjected to standard parasitological techniques, including flotation and sedimentation methods, to identify Eimeria oocysts. DNA was extracted from the oocysts, followed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers targeting the ITS1 gene of Eimeria spp.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Out of the 149 poultry farms examined, 59.7% tested positive for Eimeria spp. Gheidar County showed the highest infection rate among the samples collected, standing at 81.8%. Molecular methods can successfully prove the morphological studies. The prevalence of these species varied, with E. acervulina being the most common (55.7%) in Zanjan Province, followed by E. maxima (48.3%), E. mitis (20.1%), E. tenella (20.1%), and E. necatrix (13.4%). Mixed infections with two or more Eimeria species were found in 64 out of 103(62.1%) positive samples. The most prevalent combination was E. acervulina, E. maxima, present in 23 out of 101(22.3%) positive samples. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Since vaccination is not currently employed to prevent coccidiosis in Iranian broiler production, the conclusions drawn from this study underscore the significance of implementing reliable chemoprophylactic control measures.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133236_f7fe3a86c10cb0fc128178445d8462d4.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Co-occurrence of sea, sec, and tst Enterotoxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates From Clinical Sourcesوجود همزمان ژن های انتروتوکسین sea، sec و st در جدایه های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس از منابع بالینی657213324510.32598/ARI.81.1.3362ENAmenehSadat SadeghiDepartment of Microbiology, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.EbrahimBabapourDepartment of Microbiology, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.MajidTaati MoghadamDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.RezaMirnejadMolecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241002<strong>Introduction</strong>: Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause various diseases in specific conditions by secreting various toxins. Enterotoxins and toxins toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) play a major role in pathogenesis. Enterotoxins and TSST are pyrogenic super antigens that react with the MHC II molecule. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of the sea, sec, and tst genes in S. aureus isolated from clinical sources.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: This study was performed on 100 S. aureus isolates from hospitals in Karaj, which were finally identified using biochemical methods. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion on agar, and the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to identify sea, sec, and tst genes.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The highest resistance was observed to penicillin (92%), while the lowest resistance was observed to vancomycin (0%), and 48 isolates (48%) were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Although 86 isolates (86%) had at least one of the analyzed genes, only one (1%) isolate showed the presence of all three sea, sec, and tst enterotoxin genes, and 36% of isolates had the sea and tst genes. Among the 86 isolates, 79% contained the sea gene, 5% contained the sec gene, and 43% had the tst gene. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between the presence of the tst gene and MDR isolates.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The presence of relevant genes in clinical isolates should be considered in disease control and management due to the importance of S. aureus enterotoxins and TSST genes and their role in the development and exacerbation of staphylococcal diseases. Additionally, the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates limits antibiotic treatment.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133245_13a9f43875b2ac9ea1ad9b296dc39232.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Comparison of S2 Subunits of the Spike (S) Glycoprotein From Different Strains of SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19), Aiming to Understand the S2 Role in Virus Transfection Which May Help Its Harness738813304010.32598/ARI.81.1.3422ENMeisamAkramiDepartment of Biology, C.T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.KhosrowAghaiypour KolyaniDepartment of Biotechnology, Behesht Aein Laboratory Complex (MABA), Tehran, Iran. & Department of Genomics and Genetic Engineering, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and
Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.MaryamTajabadi EbrahimiDepartment of Biology, C.T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AshrafMohammadiDepartment of Human Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.NakisaZarrabi AhrabiDepartment of Biology, C.T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241125<strong>Introduction</strong>: In late 2019, an acute respiratory disease known as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus, emerged in Wuhan, China. This disease spread rapidly across China and globally. Many countries were compelled to develop and manufacture vaccines, antigens, diagnostic kits, and antiviral medications to mitigate mortality rates. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV2 or COVID-19) uses its spike (S) protein to enable the virus to enter host cells. The viral entry process is linked to the cleavage of the spike (S) protein at the S1| S2 site. This cleavage can take place either at the plasma membrane of the host cell (known as the early pathway) or within the endosomal membrane (referred to as the late pathway), which is determined by the type of host cell involved. Previous research has identified a unique insertion in the S2 region of COVID-19, which may enhance the virus’s ability to target cells that express the appropriate proteases and receptors.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: 3D models of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 (or COVID-19) spike-proteins (S-protein) were constructed, analyzed, and evaluated using the SARS-CoV spike-structure (PDB No.5X58) as a reference. The structure of CoVs models was reviewed using the online Cn3D V4.3.1 software. Additionally, CoVs sequences were analyzed utilizing the PiTou V3.0.2 software.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Bioinformatics simulation results indicated that the majority of structural mutations enhancing the efficiency and activity of the S2 subunit were located at the cleavage site (CVs) within the C-terminal region spanning from 654 to 691. Utilizing bioinformatics tools, an analysis of mutations was conducted within the S2 subunit at the excision site and C-terminal region in related CoVs. Additionally, it provided insights into the origin of mutations such as furin and CVs in COVID-19, and compared them with other CoVs.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Most of the mutations that increase the aggressiveness of the S2 subunit were observed in the S2 C-terminal and CVs. Research has shown that furin and some other proteases are involved in processing these mutations. Among these, the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is crucial in enabling viral entry through the early pathway.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133040_4501f094188bb3e7ccfef2d91a330d35.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Evaluation of a Newly Established Rapid and Selective Graphene-based Kit for Diagnosis of Hydatidosis by Using Nano ELISA and Nano-immunochromatography899813416010.32598/ARI.81.1.3445ENManalAhmedDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Shadia H.MohamedDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Ibrahim R.ShalashDepartment of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Rabab S. M.ZalatDepartment of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Marwa M.AboueldahabDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Ahmed M.NigmDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20241206<strong>Introduction</strong>: Hydatid disease (HD) or hydatidosis is a major public health problem that is spreading all over the world. The diagnosis of hydatid disease is considered to be challenging; however, serological diagnosis provides an early diagnostic approach, and confirmation of the existence of the hydatid cyst microscopically is still necessary. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the best diagnostic methods.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Sandwich ELISA, nano-sandwich ELISA, and the immunochromatographic test (ICT) were conducted utilizing purified hydatid antigen for the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. The analyzed sera comprised samples from patients infected with hydatidosis (n=50), patients infected with other helminthic parasites (20, 20, and 10 with Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, and Ancylostoma duodenale, respectively), and 50 healthy negative control subjects. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The findings indicated that the sandwich ELISA detected positive results in 39 out of 50 hydatid-infected samples, yielding an assay sensitivity of 78%. Seven out of 50 samples from parasite-infected groups yielded positive results, resulting in 93% specificity. In the nano-sandwich ELISA, 42 of 50 hydatid-infected samples yielded positive results, which produced an assay sensitivity of 84%. seven out of 50 samples from other parasite-infected groups had positive results, giving 93% specificity. Using the ICT, 36 out of 50 hydatid-infected samples yielded positive results, which gave an assay sensitivity of 72%. sixteen out of 50 from other parasite-infected groups had positive results, giving 80% specificity. Diagnostic specificity reached 93%, 93%, and 80% by using sandwich ELISA, nano-sandwich ELISA, and ICT techniques, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The use of nano-sandwich ELISA is one of the best methods for the diagnosis of human hydatidosis. https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134160_6dd0f9f760716b35666869a10d7228d2.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Expression and Purification of LigA Antigen, a Surface Lipoprotein in the Pathogenic Leptospira interrogansبیان و خالص سازی آنتی ژن LigA، یک لیپوپروتئین سطحی در سرووار بیماری زا Leptospira9911013321710.32598/ARI.81.1.3450ENAidaChaleshDepartment of Microbiology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.PejvakKhakiDepartment of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.0000-0001-8839-1023SohailaMoradi BidhendiDepartment of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.0000-0003-0069-0585MajidTebianianDepartment of Immunology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.MortezaTaghizadeh TarnabiDepartment of Medical Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20250119<strong>Introduction</strong>: Although considerable progress has been made in leptospiral vaccine development, their use is limited because of short-term and serovar-specific immunity. Thus far, many approaches have been used to identify heterologous and costeffective antigen(s) against leptospirosis. Recent advances have identified leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins as promising candidates for vaccine development.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Hence, in this study, the recombinant LigA subunit consists of the ligA9, ligA10, ligA11, and ligA12 domains, were selected as conserved regions of the LigA protein. Immunoinformatics approaches, including I-TASSER, ProSA, DiscoTope v2.0, and Molprobity were utilized to check the conformational accuracy. Furthermore, 10 of the most efficient peptides for MHC-I and II grooves were predicted by the ElliPro, NetMHCpan 4.1 EL and NetMHCIIpan 4.1 EL servers.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The Ramachandran plot showed acceptable conformations of the selected recombinant protein amino acid residues. The results showed that selected epitopes elicit both humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses. Hence, the selected epitopes were constructed in the pET41a+ plasmid and synthesized by General Biosystems. Recombinant plasmids were transferred to Escherichia coli Top10-DH5α and BL21 StarTM (DE3) competent cells for cloning and expression, respectively. Plasmid transformation and purification were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzymatic digestion. Recombinant LigA (r-LigA) was expressed in the presence of 0.5 M IPTG at 30˚C for 16 hours. The sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) result revealed the production of 38-kDa protein, which accumulated mostly in inclusion bodies and was purified using the urea method and dialysis. Dot blotting of the r-LigA protein confirmed a high degree of accuracy of immunogenicity.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present study revealed that r-LigA is a promising candidate for developing diagnostic and subunit leptospirosis vaccines.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133217_b7748616dddd1bb2358ebff61e7b44e2.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Smallholder Cattle Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Foot-and-mouth Disease and Lumpy Skin Disease in Bali Province, Indonesia11111813422610.32598/ARI.81.1.3727ENI Gede HendraPrasetya WicaksanaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.
& Bali Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Centre, Bali, Indonesia.0000-0002-1567-3748I MadeKardenaVeterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.I WayanSuardanaVeterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.TriKomala SariVeterinary Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.Ida BagusKade SuardanaVeterinary Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.Tjok GdeOka PemayunVeterinary Reproduction Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia.Journal Article20250703<strong>Introduction</strong>: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Lumpy skin disease (LSD) are significant viral transboundary diseases that pose a substantial threat to livestock, particularly cattle. Following their recent emergence and sustained circulation across several Indonesian provinces, there is increasing concern over their potential spread to other provinces, including Bali Province. Despite their recent introduction to the region, limited information exists regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of local farmers concerning FMD and LSD. This study aimed to assess the KAP of smallholder cattle farmers in Bali towards FMD and LSD and to identify associated demographic factors. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional survey involving 112 smallholder cattle farmers was conducted using a structured questionnaire. KAP scores were calculated, and respondents with scores above the median were classified as having ‘adequate knowledge,’ ‘positive attitude,’ or ‘proper practices.’ Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with these outcomes. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results indicate that smallholder cattle farmers in Bali possess adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and proper practices concerning FMD. For LSD, farmers demonstrated positive attitudes and moderately proper practices but had inadequate knowledge. Farmers’ age and education level were associated with FMD knowledge and attitudes. In contrast, the purpose of farming was associated with LSD knowledge and attitudes. Gender was associated with the adoption of preventive practices for both diseases. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings highlight a critical need for targeted educational interventions to improve farmers’ knowledge and biosecurity practices, particularly for LSD. It is recommended that governmental agencies continue and enhance awareness campaigns to strengthen disease control efforts on Bali Island.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134226_d86464df9cd13d32ae03c3c5c4e52884.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Identification of Yersinia Species in Raw Chicken Meat in Tehran Retail Stores and Determination of Their Antibiotic Resistance Pattern11912613322910.32598/ARI.81.1.3264ENMohammad RezaMohammadiDepartment of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9262-0332ZahraRajabiZoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad MehdiSoltan DallalDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240729<strong>Introduction</strong>: Yersinia constitutes one of the predominant bacterial agents implicated in foodborne illnesses. The objective of this investigation is to ascertain the presence of Yersinia species in raw chicken meat procured from retail establishments in Tehran, alongside an examination of their antibiotic resistance patterns.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Between April and September 2023, a total of 220 chicken meat samples were systematically collected and analyzed for contamination by Yersinia species. Initial isolation was conducted through enrichment in saline phosphate at 4 °C for three weeks, followed by secondary enrichment utilizing 5.0% potassium hydroxide. The resultant samples were subsequently cultured on CIN agar medium. Following performing warm staining and the microscopic observation of gram-negative cocci, biochemical assays were employed to differentiate the strains, and the findings were corroborated using the API 20E kit. Ultimately, antibiotic resistance profiles were established via the agar disk diffusion methodology encompassing seven different antibiotics. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: From 220 chicken meat samples, 12(5.5%) suspect strains of Yersinia were successfully isolated and definitively identified as Yersinia through biochemical testing. Application of the API 20E kit revealed that the isolates comprised the following species: Y. enterocolitica (3 strains), Y. intermedia (5 strains), Y. frederiksenii (2 strains), and Y. kristensenii (2 strains). Notably, all isolated strains exhibited resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cefixime, while remaining sensitive to other antibiotics tested. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study indicate the presence of various strains of Yersinia in chicken meat samples across Tehran. Given the emergence of microbial resistance to specific antibiotics, it is imperative that antibiotic usage be managed with judicious strategies.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133229_105a7d3e49237496aca3b94c3876f59f.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Antidiabetic Properties of the Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded Hypericum perforatum L. and Trigonella gracum Seeds in Ratsخواص آنتی اکسیدانی، محافظ کبد و ضد دیابتی نانوذرات کیتوزان، حاوی عصاره هیدروالکلی قسمت هوایی Hypericum perforatum L. و دانه Trigonella gracum در موش های صحرایی دیابتی ناشی از استرپتوزوتوسین12713613323210.32598/ARI.81.1.3298ENMahboubehMansourianMedicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.FatemehNorooziDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.0009-0005-8036-2216MehrorangGhaediDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.AmirhosseinDoustimotlaghMedicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.HassanBardaniaMedicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.0000-0001-8799-173XMahdokhtAziziMedicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.HosseinKargar JahromiResearch Center for Non-communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.Journal Article20240823<strong>Introduction</strong>: This study was performed to compare the effects of metformin, Hypericum perforatum L., and Trigonella gracum seeds, both alone and combined with chitosan nanoparticles, on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: 96 adult male Wistar were divided into 12 groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic mellitus receiving buffer, pure chitosan nanoparticles, metformin (250 mg/kg), hydroalcoholic extracts of H. perforatum (200 mg/kg) and T. gracum seeds (100 mg/kg), and nano-extract of H. perforatum, and T. gracum seed, alone and in combination. The healthy group received extracts of both plants at a dose of 300 mg/kg. The biochemical parameters, including liver enzymes, blood glucose, rat weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as histopathological changes in liver tissue, were determined.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The diabetic groups treated with metformin and nanoparticles containing two extracts (alone and in combination) showed significantly improved rats weight, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), MDA, and SOD levels (P≤0.05). Chitosan nanoparticles containing the combined extracts showed a more significant improvement in glucose levels than the diabetic groups treated with the extracts alone (P≤0.05). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The livers of diabetic rats treated with the extract alone, and nano-extract of T. gracum seeds, and with a combination of the selected extracts (alone and in combination with nanoparticles) showed significant improvement in histopathological changes. It seems that chitosan nanoparticles containing combined extracts of H. perforatum and T. gracum seeds are good candidates for further evaluation as effective factors for the control of diabetes.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133232_56b9b3f62147f1f150d2a93ef67dd209.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Green Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Using Basil Extract for Biocompatibility and Therapeutic Targeting of Metribuzin-poisoned Heart and Lung Tissues in Wistar Rats13714613382910.32598/ARI.81.1.3602ENIslamBoulaaresDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of the Sciences of Nature and Life, El-Oued University, El-Oued, Algeria.0000-0001-6687-1608SamirDerouicheDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of the Sciences of Nature and Life, El-Oued University, El-Oued, Algeria.SaraChetehounaDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of the Sciences of Nature and Life, El-Oued University, El-Oued, Algeria.JanettaNiemannDepartment of Genetic, Faculty of Agriculture, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznan, Poland.Journal Article20250330<strong>Introduction</strong>: Manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) have garnered interest for use in a variety of fields, such as biomedical applications, including cancer theranostics and drug delivery. This work aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic and preventive benefits of green-synthesized MnO NPs made from basil extract against metribuzin-induced oxidative stress, metabolic toxicity, inflammation, and histological changes in the lungs and heart. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: The green synthesis of MnO NPs using basil extract was performed. The shape and size distribution of the MnO NPs were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Eighteen male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=6), which consisted of a control group, a metribuzin-treated group, and a MnO NPs-treated group. The evaluation of the oxidative stress status by measuring the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the lungs and heart tissues. Additionally, the tissue histology of the organs was examined, and various biochemical parameters (aminotransferase [GOT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and creatine phosphokinase [CPK]) and inflammation markers (white blood cells [WBC], lymphocytes [lymph], Mid-sized cells [MID], and granulocytes [Gran]). were estimated. The green synthesis of MnO NPs was indicated by the gradual shift in color from golden yellow to dark brown. The morphological characteristics and particle size distribution of the MnO NPs were identified using TEM and SEM. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The analyses revealed that the MnO NPs were uniformly spherical in shape, with an average particle size of 6.52±0.88 nm. Results of the in vivo rats study showed that treatment with metribuzin induced an increase in organs weight, oxidative stress, biochemical toxicity, inflammation, and histological changes in the lungs and heart, as well as a significant ameliorative effect of MnO NPs against the toxic effects induced by metribuzin by reversing all of the aforementioned parameters. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In conclusion, the results of the in vivo investigation showed that rats given the metribuzin herbicide suffered from organ weight gain, oxidative stress, biochemical toxicity, inflammation, and histological alterations in their lungs and heart. Additionally, MnO NPs showed effective therapeutic and preventive actions against lung and heart damage caused by metribuzin. Basil extract’s phytochemical components enhance MnO NP biocompatibility, reduce toxicity, and provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them safe and therapeutic for biomedical applications.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133829_f7636f36929a3fde5ad0d4778af8ff65.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Cloning, Expression and Functionality Evaluation of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody Against VP1 Capsid Protein of FMD Virusکلونینگ، بیان و ارزیابی عملکرد آنتی بادی مونوکلونال نوترکیب علیه پروتئین کپسید VP1 ویروس FMD14715613275010.32598/ARI.81.1.3491ENMozhganHelalinasabDepartment of Pathobiology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0005-0084-6465Mohammad MehdiRanjbarDepartment of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.HadiPourtaghiDepartment of Microbiology, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.0000-0001-7370-2909Mohammad KazemShahkaramiDepartment of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20250105<strong>Introduction</strong>: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the FMD virus (FMDV), which belongs to the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. FMDV is a highly variable RNA virus, and there is limited cross-protection between serotypes and strains. The disease can have devastating economic, social, and environmental impacts. The FMDV capsid is composed of VP1-VP4 structural proteins, with VP1 being the most abundant protein consisting of 213 amino acids. The G-H loop (residues 141-160) of the VP1 capsid protein is highly variable and serves as the main antigenic region. It contains a conserved triplet of amino acids, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), which induces the production of protective antibodies against various FMDV types. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) play a crucial role in detecting and serotyping FMDV in pathological samples, as well as evaluating protection post-vaccination against FMD.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: This study explores the expression and function of an engineered recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv-mAb) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) Rosetta strain as a cost-effective prokaryotic system with high yield. The scFv-mAb gene was inserted into the pET28a (+) expression plasmid. E. coli cells were transformed with the plasmid, induced with 0.5 mM IPTG, and incubated at 37 ˚C for 12 hours. The protein was purified using a Ni2+-NTA resin column and analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE for quality assessment. The efficiency and functionality of the scFv-mAb were confirmed using an indirect sandwich (capture) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The purified scFv-mAb concentration was determined to be approximately 2.00 mg/mL using the Bradford assay under optimal conditions. Each well was coated with 400 ng of scFv-mAb based on checkerboard results and the mean of negative serum at a 1:10 dilution. The indirect sandwich ELISA assay yielded an optical density (OD) signal range of 0.3 to 1.5 at a 450 nm wavelength in different positive control treatments.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The ELISA results showed that the scFv-mAb fragment successfully detected serotype O of FMDV. Further research could confirm the potential of this recombinant antibody for broader commercial applications in the future.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_132750_897a8ec7bf22f0d84c528edaa3f7c00d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Impacts of HVT Vaccination Against Marek’s Disease in Broiler Chickens in Algeria15716413420410.32598/ARI.81.1.3672ENSamiaAmezianePADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.SalimZaidiPADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.OmarSalhiInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.AminaAmraouiPADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.AyaBensalemPADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.Nadjet AminaKhelifi TouhamiInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.NassimOucheneInstitute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, Algeria.SanaHirechePADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.AmirAgabouPADESCA Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria.Journal Article20250524<strong>Introduction</strong>: Marek’s disease (MD), a lymphoproliferative and immunosuppressive viral disease of poultry, poses serious challenges to broiler production worldwide. Vaccination with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) is a common preventive strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the zootechnical and economic impacts of HVT vaccination in broiler chickens reared under field conditions in northeastern Algeria.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: The trial was conducted in the Mila Region over six weeks and involved two cohorts of 11,000 broiler chickens each: A vaccinated group (VG) receiving HVT vaccination on day 1 in addition to standard vaccinations, and a non-vaccinated group (NVG). Both groups were sourced from the same breeder stock and raised under identical management and environmental conditions. Key parameters measured included average body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and weekly mortality. Economic viability was assessed through a cost-benefit analysis (CBA), considering vaccination costs (218.66 EUR) and estimated production gains.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: From week four onward, VG birds showed significantly higher BW than NVG, reaching 3070 g vs 3000 g at week six (P<0.001). FCR remained comparable between groups, with VG showing slightly improved efficiency from week three, though not statistically significant (P=0.93). Mortality rates (MR) were significantly lower in VG from week three onward, with pooled analysis confirming a protective effect of vaccination (P<0.01). The improved growth performance and reduced mortality observed in the VG suggest a clear health benefit of HVT vaccination in broilers raised under field conditions. Despite no significant difference in feed conversion efficiency, the biological impact of the vaccine was evident from mid-trial onwards, highlighting the protective effect of HVT against MD-related losses. HVT vaccination in broilers enhances growth performance and significantly reduces mortality without compromising feed efficiency. Economically, it proves to be a highly viable strategy, resulting in a net benefit of 5489.74 EUR per flock and a cost-benefit ratio of 26-to-1. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings support the integration of HVT vaccination into comprehensive health management programs in intensive poultry systems.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134204_0af4fa4470cb90ef924d5d937dedd36b.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Utilization of Solanum nigrum L. (Black Nightshade) Fruit as a Phytobiotic in Laying Quail16517213420810.32598/ARI.81.1.3679ENSyauqi SyahDewanStudy Program of Nutrition and Feed Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University,
Bogor, Indonesia.WidyaHermanaDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.SumiatiSumiatiDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.Journal Article20250527<strong>Introduction</strong>: Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) is known to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of black nightshade fruit extract as a phytobiotic on the performance and egg quality of laying quails (Coturnix-coturnix japonica). <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: A total of 160 female quails, aged six weeks, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with four replications, each containing ten birds. The treatments included a control group (T0) and three experimental groups receiving drinking water supplemented with 2 mL/L (T1), 4 mL/L (T2), and 6 mL/L (T3) of black nightshade extract. The parameters observed included feed intake, quail-day production, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), physical egg quality (egg index, percentage of albumen, yolk, and eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, yolk color score, Haugh unit (HU), albumen and yolk index) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in egg yolk. The cold-press extraction method offers advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. This technique avoids the use of solvents and heat, which helps preserve thermosensitive compounds. However, a notable limitation is that the extracted compounds remain in their complex, non-degraded forms, which may limit the efficiency of isolating certain bioactive constituents—especially such as phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids that typically require solvents for effective extraction.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Phytochemical screening conducted in this study revealed low concentrations of several compounds, and notably, the extract of S. nigrum fruit obtained using a cold-press juicer method showed no presence of triterpenoids or steroids. The results showed that black nightshade extract supplementation did not significantly affect quail performance (P>0.05). However, significant improvements (P<0.05) were observed in physical egg quality parameters, particularly in albumen index, yolk color, and HU at higher doses (T2 and T3). The MDA content in the yolk significantly decreased with increased extract concentration. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Under the conditions of this study, S. nigrum L. fruit extract can be considered a promising natural phytobiotic additive to enhance internal egg quality and oxidative stability without compromising laying performance in C. coturnix japonica.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134208_8f73aacd26a3097694e3b691a0efc1b5.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Identification of Mycobacterium spp. Isolates From Suspected Tuberculosis Patients Using Molecular Methods in Zahedan, Iranشناسایی جدایههای گونههای مایکوباکتریوم از بیماران مشکوک به سل با استفاده از روش مولکولی در زاهدان، ایران17318213453510.32598/ARI.81.1.3715ENFatemehAlimardaniDepartment of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Karaj, Iran.NaderMosavariDepartment of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Karaj, Iran.SoheilaMoradi BidhendiDepartment of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),
Karaj, Iran.Ali RezaSalimi KhorashadDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Research Institute of
Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.LidaAbdolmohammadi KhiavDepartment of Anaerobic Bacterial Vaccine Production and Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education
and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20250628<strong>Introduction</strong>: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest zoonotic diseases, with a high prevalence in many low-income countries. Specific and sensitive tuberculosis diagnostic methods in the early stages play a significant role in saving the lives of patients. There is little data available in Zahedan on the prevalence of the Mycobacterium species, so this study aimed to identify the Mycobacterium species in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zahedan.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: This study included 500 samples collected from sputum in Zahedan. The samples were cultured on LJ and simultaneously stained with cold Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN). After growth, DNA was extracted and used for molecular identification of the Mycobacterium species from the samples. RD typing was used to differentiate members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Finally, the PCR-RFLP method was used as a comparison method. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The typical 543 bp band was observed in all isolates via amplicon PCR-16S rRNA, emphasizing that all isolates belong to the genus Mycobacterium. Sixty isolates were identified as belonging to the MTBC and were classified as M. tuberculosis species. The PCR-RFLP analysis using Alu I on the oxyR gene confirmed that all 60 isolates were M. tuberculosis. Three samples (4.7%) were also positive for Nontubercolous mycobacteria (NTM). One isolate was categorized in the M. terrae complex group (MTC), and two isolates belonged to the M. simiae group.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our results indicated that M. tuberculosis has a high prevalence in the human population of this city. Therefore, screening these individuals plays a significant role in reducing the prevalence of the disease in Zahedan. It is suggested that further studies be conducted on the human population to find Mycobacterium strains in the future.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134535_84e699329b3618e3282fee12d9c78450.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Development and Optimization of a PCR–RFLP Method for Differentiation of Aspergillus flavus From Aspergillus parasiticusطراحی و بهینه سازی روش PCR–RFLP برای شناسایی و تمایز Aspergillus flavus و Aspergillus parasiticus18319013511810.32598/ARI.81.1.3821ENNooshinSohrabiDepartment of Biology, PayameNoor University, Tehran, Iran.MortezaTaghizadehDepartment of Medical Virology Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
(AREEO),Karaj, Iran.Journal Article20250826<strong>Introduction</strong>: Aflatoxins are highly toxic secondary metabolites produced by several Aspergillus species, pose a global threat to food and feed safety, making rapid and reliable identification of aflatoxigenic species essential for effective surveillance and risk mitigation. Here, we report the development and validation a simple polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assay that discriminates between the closely related species Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by targeting conserved regions of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway for use in feed surveillance. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: A total of 42 fungal isolates from feed samples were identified as Aspergillus species and genomic DNA was extracted from the cultured mycelial biomass for further molecular analyses. The conserved primer sets to amplify three genes related to aflatoxin production pathway: aflD (nor-1), aflR, and aflP (omtA). The PCR products were digested with the restriction enzymes XbaI and XhoI and resolved them using 2% agarose gel. The RFLP patterns compared with the predicted digestion patterns from reference genomes to check their agreement and ability to provide accurate diagnosis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Distinct RFLP patterns were obtained for A. flavus whereby for each of the three amplicons there were two diagnostic fragments (e.g. 321/139 bp for aflD). In contrast, the PCR products for A. parasiticus did not produce the same restriction sites, and no digestion was seen in this species. The assay consistently discriminated A. flavus from A. parasiticus.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The recommended PCR–RFLP assay can be a rapid and cost-effective technique for identifying A. flavus from A. parasiticus in feed samples. However, using only this enzyme selection does not discriminate all clinically or agriculturally pertinent genera of Aspergillus. We recommend using this assay with added and new restriction enzymes, or coupling with other molecular analysis in order to allow for complete species discrimination. Ultimately, the performance should be validated with a variety of field isolates before using it as a standard diagnostic method.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_135118_7a253d874610426bb5f6e4acf100e58a.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Microneedle-based Rabies Vaccination: A Promising Approach Toward the WHO “Zero by 30” Targetواکسیناسیون هاری مبتنی بر ریزسوزن: رویکردی امیدبخش در راستای هدف "صفر مورد تا سال ۲۰۳۰" سازمان جهانی بهداشت19120213519310.32598/ARI.81.1.3942ENMehrnazHosseini TehraniDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8641-0737RezaAramideh KhouyDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AtefehMalek-KhatabiCenter for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (CABHC), Italian Institute of Technology, Napoli, Italy.MazdaRad-MalekshahiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AtefehKachooeiDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.MaryamShahaliDepartment of Viral Vaccines Production, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.BabakPeiroviDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.LeilaMousavizadehDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HosseinKeyvaniDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6528-7861AngilaAtaei‐PirkoohDepartment of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20251110<strong>Introduction</strong>: Rabies remains a fatal zoonotic disease causing tens of thousands of deaths annually, predominantly in resource-limited countries, where intramuscular (IM) vaccines are limited by cost, cold-chain needs, and the need for skilled administration. Achieving the World Health Organization’s “Zero by 30” target necessitates innovative, scalable, and cost-effective vaccine delivery approaches. In this study, we developed dissolving microneedle (MN) patches (dMNPs) loaded with rabies vaccine using hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: An aluminum master mold fabricated by CNC machining contained 400 cubical-pyramidal MNs (800 µm height, 300×300 µm base), while PDMS replicas enabled precise two-step centrifugal casting. Morphology, virion integrity, mechanical strength, and ex vivo skin penetration were evaluated. Bagg Albino/subline C (BALB/c) mice received two doses of vaccine-loaded microneedles, IM injection, or blank patches, and virus-neutralizing antibodies were measured. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: MNs exhibited uniform geometry (651.2±4.3 μm height), high mechanical strength (0.403±0.006 N/needle), and reliable skin penetration (~300 μm). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that rabies virions retained their bullet-shaped morphology after encapsulation and storage. Rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies showed comparable titers four weeks post-booster: dMNP (1 mg; geometric mean titers (GMTs): 7.67 IU/mL, 95% CI, 6.8%, 8.64%) versus IM (10 mg; GMT: 6.95 IU/mL, 95% CI, 6.2%, 7.8%; P>0.05), both surpassing protective thresholds (≥0.5 IU/mL), while controls remained seronegative. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Beyond achieving robust immune responses, these dMNPs provide dose-sparing, thermostability, self-administration, and sharps-free delivery—which enhance feasibility, acceptance, and scalability, aligning with the WHO’s “Zero by 30” target. This platform offers translational potential for equitable rabies prophylaxis in resource-limited settings.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_135193_ca716de9870b908b8770271c9a94a7e8.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Clinical and Hematologic Response to Remdesivir Treatment in Cats With Feline Infectious Peritonitis in Iran: A Prospective Observational Studyپاسخ بالینی و هماتولوژیک به درمان با رمدسیویر در گربههای مبتلا به پریتونیت عفونی گربهسانان در ایران: یک مطالعه مشاهدهای آیندهنگر20321213512010.32598/ARI.81.1.3992ENErfanehKhavariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranSeyedeh MissaghJalaliDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranMohammadRazi JalaliDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranBahmanMosallanejadDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20251214<strong>Introduction</strong>: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a progressive and often fatal disease caused by virulent feline coronavirus (FCoV) mutations. Despite the increasing use of antiviral agents such as remdesivir, prospective clinical data from Iran remain limited. This prospective observational study evaluated clinical and hematological responses to remdesivir in 31 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed FIP cases.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Sixteen cats (51.6%) had the effusive form, nine (29%) the non-effusive form, and six (19.4%) exhibited ocular or neurologic involvement. All cats received remdesivir following a standardized 84-day protocol which consisted of a 4-day induction phase (10 mg/kg daily for effusive FIP and 15 mg/kg daily for non-effusive/neurologic forms), followed by once-daily subcutaneous maintenance therapy from day 5 to day 84. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed on days 0, 42, and 84. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Significant clinical improvement occurred over the treatment period, with anorexia decreasing from 64.5% to 6.5%, weight loss from 83.9% to 19.4%, and lethargy from 67.7% to 25.8%, while dyspnea, abdominal distension, and icterus resolved completely (P<0.05). The mean clinical severity score demonstrated a marked reduction, decreasing from 6.40±1.20 at baseline to 1.55±0.9 at day 84 (P<0.001), indicating a pronounced overall clinical improvement. Hematological abnormalities characteristic of FIP also improved significantly. Hemoglobin increased from 7.72±1.57 to 9.75±1.18 g/dL and hematocrit from 28.28±5.91% to 36.7±4.57%, while total leukocytes decreased from 13.77±5.09×10³/µL to 7.31±2.18×10³/µL (P<0.05). Lymphocyte count increased (from 1.38±0.96 to 2.56±0.88×10³/µL) while neutrophils decreased (from 10.18±2.9 to 4.02±1.31×10³/µL), thereby lowering the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio from 10.53±6.82 to 1.98±1.46 (P<0.001). Mid-treatment data (day 42) demonstrated early hematological recovery. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings suggest that remdesivir induces marked and consistent clinical improvement and substantial hematologic normalization in naturally occurring FIP in Iran, providing region-specific evidence supporting its efficacy.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_135120_d9d8c9651c6a711f922801edf163ed20.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Molecular Characterization of Canine Parvovirus in Iran, 2023تعیین هویت مولکولی پاروویروس سگ سانان در ایران، 202321322213323810.32598/ARI.81.1.3354ENZahraZiafati KafiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSoroushSarmadiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranShabnamBabazadehDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFahimehJamiriDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAlirezaBakhshiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAryanAbbassiounDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IranOmidEghbaliDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranArashGhalyanchilangeroudiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240926<strong>Introduction</strong>: Canine parvo virus 2 causes severe and often fatal gastroenteritis and myocarditis in dogs and puppies. Based on the VP2 gene, this virus is classified into 3 variants: CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: In present study, 35 rectal swab samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs, including vomiting and diarrhea, and cases with positive results from the rapid test kit. Samples were screened with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect the presence of the virus genome. According to the PCR results, all samples were positive.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Out of 35 cases, about 34% received at least one dose of vaccine, and almost 66% were not vaccinated at all. A rapid test was also performed for 34 cases; it was positive for 91% (31 cases) and negative for 9% (3 cases). Phylogenetic analysis of seven samples, which were submitted for sequencing, revealed that 6 of the present isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) were clustered with CPV-2c isolates, and one (UT-CPV19) was clustered with CPV-2b sequences. Homology analysis indicated high similarity (100%) between isolates (UT-CPV14 to UT-CPV18 and UT-CPV20) and isolates K20172c-1, 12B, IZSSI_2021PA43108idAki, BJ001, and CPV-2c/Sull6/2017. UT-CPV19 showed 100% similarity with isolates 19R113-2, YANJI-2, and 15D184. In the present study, we also phylogenetically analyzed a commercial vaccine. Although the homology results indicated almost 98% similarity between the current isolates and the vaccine, the vaccine sequence did not cluster with any groups in the phylogenetic tree. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These results highlight the importance of constantly monitoring antigenic changes of circulating strains and the efficacy of vaccines against them.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133238_14936dac12efbad9c1623c593cf80c33.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Effect of Dietary Protease Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Blood Biochemical Characteristics of Native Chickens22323213382810.32598/ARI.81.1.3588ENNguyen HoangQuiDepartment of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tra Vinh University, Vinh Long, Vietnam.Nguyen ThuyLinhDepartment of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tra Vinh University, Vinh Long, Vietnam.Journal Article20250322<strong>Introduction</strong>: Native chicken farming plays an important role in agriculture, and protease enzyme supplementation has been shown to enhance digestion and nutrient absorption.<br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: The experiment was conducted on 128 native chickens (aged 5–12 weeks), arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications to assess the effect of protease enzyme supplementation in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, and hematological characteristics of native chickens. The experimental chickens were fed and given water ad libitum, and the same basal diet was provided to the experimental birds, consisting of a control diet (the diet without protease) and three different levels of protease enzyme supplementation (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%). <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the 0.3% protease enzyme supplementation group had significantly (P<0.05) increased final body weight (1.854 g/bird) and daily weight gain (30.02 g/bird/day) compared with the control group; meanwhile, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was also significantly improved (P<0.05). Moreover, carcass weight (1.273 g/bird), breast weight (215.7 g), and thigh weight (155.5 g) exhibited a substantial increase in the 0.3% protease group (P<0.05), while there was no significant effect on other slaughter characteristics (P>0.05). However, protease enzyme supplementation had no effect on immune organ indices, hematological parameters, or liver function, including gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P<0.05), apart from a significant difference in liver weight (43.5 g) among treatments. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This suggests that the addition of 0.3% protease enzyme can improve the growth performance and carcass quality of indigenous chickens, all without any negative effect on health status.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133828_cabec22cdd6ad4674d40c82590189b23.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120260201Preparation of SSCs Recipients in Sheep; Effects of Anticancer Drugsآماده سازی گیرنده های پیوند سلول های بنیادی اسپرماتوگونیال گوسفند؛ اثرات داروهای ضد سرطان23324413323310.32598/ARI.81.1.3321ENMohammadZandiIranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.AnnahitaGhaedrahmatiDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.Journal Article20240907<strong>Introduction</strong>: This in vitro investigation aimed to assess the impact of taxol, carboplatin, vinblastine (VBL), and vincristine (VCR) on ovine spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs can be extracted from the testes of an animal and cultured in a laboratory to increase their quantity for transplantation into a recipient. Upon transplantation, these cells maintain their population and initiate sperm production in the recipient animal. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Adequate preparation of the recipient is a crucial aspect of spermatogonial stem cell transplantation. Drawing upon the findings of in vitro investigations conducted on SSCs, a tripartite regimen comprising carboplatin, taxol, and VCR was administered to four-month-old male Shal lambs at varying concentrations. The in vivo experiments included the culture of SSCs, GFRαl and c-myc specific gene expression analysis, and histological analysis.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results demonstrated that injection of the aforementioned combination (at concentrations of 2.0632, 0.906, and 0.0072 mg, respectively) beneath the scrotums of each testicle of Shal lambs resulted in a significant reduction in the SSCs population. The expression of GFRαl and c-myc genes, as specific markers of stem cells, was reduced considerably in double and quadruple concentrations of carboplatin + taxol + vincristine compared to other treatments.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings suggest that a tripartite regimen consisting of carboplatin, taxol, and VCR may be suitable for preparing sheep recipients for SSCs transplantation, based on the results of this study, the use of a combination of carboplatin, taxol, and vincristine is recommended for the preparation of SSC transplant receptors in sheep. Injection of a combination of carboplatin, taxol, and vincristine, equivalent to twice the concentration recommended for cancer treatment by the drug manufacturer, under the Scrotum of each of the testicles of Shal lambs significantly reduces the cell population.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133233_f26f1ccb775f423421692e8b8b518a31.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120250414Toxic Effects of Some Heavy Metals on the Structure and Stability of the Recombinant Human FGFR2b Kinase Domainاثر سمی برخی فلزات سنگین بر ساختار و پایداری دامنه کیناز گیرنده فاکتور رشد فیبروبلاستی نوع ۲ (FGFR2b) انسانی نوترکیب24525413324810.32598/ARI.81.1.3379ENMaryamToudehroustaCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.DariushIlghariBaylor Scott & White Medical Center, Lakeway, United States.MajidSirati-SabetDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.HosseinPiriCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.RoqayeKatfayaziStudent Research Committee, School of Paramedical, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.NewshaGheibiStudent Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SaeidehGholamzadeh KhoeiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.NematollahGheibiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.Journal Article20241015<strong>Introduction</strong>: Fibroblast growth factor receptor type II (FGFR2b) is crucial in mediating cellular signal transduction and controlling vital biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. The disruption or impairment of signaling pathways mediated by this particular receptor has been closely associated with the pathophysiology of various human malignancies, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. It has been observed that toxic heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and aluminum, exert their detrimental effects primarily through the alteration of established signaling pathways within the cellular environment. The primary objective of this research endeavor is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the effects of the heavy metals lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), and aluminum (Al3+) on both the structural integrity and stability of recombinant FGFR2b. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Recombinant FGFR2b kinase domain was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified using Ni²⁺-NTA affinity chromatography. Protein integrity and activity were confirmed by PAGE analysis. Structural and stability changes of FGFR2b in the presence of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Al³⁺ were evaluated using intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical denaturation with guanidine hydrochloride. Secondary structure alterations were assessed by far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and metal–protein interactions were further analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The analysis of intrinsic fluorescence emission and CD spectra of FGFR2b, when exposed to varying concentrations of these heavy toxic metals, indicated a gradual series of structural fluctuations that corresponded with the increased concentrations of the metals present. Furthermore, the findings from fluorescence and FTIR analysis of the protein structure demonstrated that the influence exerted by Pb2+ at concentrations of 100 and 500 µM was significantly more pronounced and impactful than the effects produced by the other two metals under investigation. The structure and stability of FGFR2b as a key receptor in cellular signal transduction were reduced by Pb2+.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These results shed light on the effects of toxic heavy metals on biological functions of the cells via a change in their signaling pathways.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133248_96d4fd4ea65ec3c5a1cde10364d05121.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120250813The Evaluation of Estrogen and Tacrolimus in an Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury Model Following Bipolar Electrocautery in an Animal Modelبررسی اثر استروژن و تاکرولیموس بر آسیب تجربی عصب سیاتیک متعاقب الکتروکوتر دوقطبی در الگوی حیوانی25526413422310.32598/ARI.81.1.3719ENNimaVazirDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.HamidrezaFattahianDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AlirezaJahandidehDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.PejmanMortazaviDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250630<strong>Introduction</strong>: Iatrogenic peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) cause neurogenic deficits because of the limited regeneration potential of nerves and scar formation. This study evaluates the effects of tacrolimus and estrogen on sciatic nerve healing following its lesion by bipolar electrocautery in rats. <br /><strong>Materials & Methods</strong>: Twenty-five mature female Wistar rats were included in this study. The rats were kept under the same photoperiod 12:12 for one week. The rats were divided into five groups as follows: Sham, DW (distilled water), Tacrolimus (Tac), Estrogen (Est), and Tacrolimus + Estrogen (Tac + Est). All rats were anesthetized, and the left sciatic nerve was cauterized by bipolar electrocautery, except for the rats in the sham group. Treatments were given for 28 days after the injury; on day 28, clinical, electrophysiological, and histopathological evaluations were carried out. The Rota-rod performance test, sciatic functional index (SFI), electromyography (EMG) latency, and toe-out angle (TOA) were carried out for evaluation of functional nerve recovery. Finally, the rats were humanly euthanized and samples of sciatic nerve tissue were submitted for histopathological evaluation on day 28. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: There was no statistically significant difference in SFI (P=0.249) among the groups. In the Rota rod tests, the Est group showed significantly greater motor function improvement compared with the DW (distilled water), Tac, and Est + Tac groups (P<0.01). Mean EMG latency in the DW group was significantly longer than in the sham (P<0.001), Tac (P=0.023) and Est + Tac (P=0.012) groups. Axonal swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration were less in the Tac, Est, and Est + Tac groups compared with the DW group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference among the Tac, Est, and Est + Tac groups in EMG latency. Therefore, tacrolimus and estrogen each showed a neuroprotective effect based on histopathological results. Motor function improvement and reduced inflammation were statistically significant in the Est and Tac groups, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings of this investigation did not confirm a significant impact of the combination of estrogen plus tacrolimus compared with the estrogen and tacrolimus groups in functional recovery and inflammation. https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_134223_5ba74420c633a57fdc4f215202af1cb1.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Co-Publisher: Negah Scientific PublisherArchives of Razi Institute0365-343981120250413A Case Report of Infestation With Sarcoptes scabiei (Family: Sarcoptidae) in a Stray Dog, Shahriar City, Tehran Province, Iran26527013322210.32598/ARI.81.1.3062ENAlirezaGhorbaniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0003-2976-2706YagoobGaredaghiDepartment of Parasitology, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-2976-2706ErfanDarmanlooDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.Journal Article20240316Sarcoptes scabiei is one of the most impactful external parasites in mammals, especially in dogs, and its global spread is widespread. Considering that this parasite is capable of being transmitted to humans, it holds significant public health value for examination. Today, with the increase in the number of stray dogs in urban areas, particularly on the outskirts of cities, controlling this parasitic disease in dogs is highly emphasized. In January 2024, a three-year-old female dog in Shahriar City, Tehran Province, was observed with skin disorders and hair loss in areas such as the abdominal region, flanks, limbs, and parts of the neck. Following initial examinations of the animal’s skin lesions, skin-scraping samples were taken. Microscopic examination of skin-scraping samples from the surface of the animal’s body in the parasitology laboratory revealed that this stray dog was infested with the microscopic external parasite S. scabiei. Such research helps identify predominant species of external parasites and implement more precise health controls in these areas. Shahriar, being one of the cities near Tehran with a high population density, can be significantly affected by parasitic diseases. Therefore, due to the large population of humans and dogs in Shahriar City, it is very important to recognize and control zoonotic diseases in this area.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_133222_56455c086cf00c903f242fe37b1749dc.pdf