Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401First Molecular Investigation of lumpy Skin Disease in Buffaloes Using the Qualitative and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays, Iraq50551312711610.22092/ari.2022.359034.2359ENA Mohammed AboudDepartment of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqO Kareem LuaibiDepartment of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220613Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important infectious bovine diseases in Iraq in the last 10 years; however, the current study represents the first investigation to confirm the disease in buffaloes as well as ticks with estimation the association of positivity to clinical vital signs and risk factors. A total of 150 buffaloes were subjected for blood sampling, skin lesions and ticks. All the collected samples; 150 blood, 13 skin lesions, and 29 tick samples, were examined molecularly using the conventional and real-time PCR assays. The total positive results of blood, skin and ticks by conventional PCR were 5.33, 7.69 and 0%, respectively; while for real-time PCR, it was 15.33, 7.69 and, 0%, respectively. Insignificant differences were showed between values of temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of LSD positive and negative buffaloes by the conventional and real-time PCR assays. The association of positive conventional PCR results to risk factors (age, sex and region) was revealed a significant increase in prevalence and risk of LSD in buffaloes aged < 1 year; but for gender, insignificant variation in prevalence but not risk was seen between females and males. In case of different geographical region, significant higher prevalence was reported in Wasit; while, buffaloes of Maysan and Wasit were appeared at higher risk than those of Dhi-Qar. Regarding real-time PCR, insignificant differences were found between values of < 1, 1-4 and > 4-8 years age old, but not in group of >8 that showed a significant decline in positivity (0%). For sex, insignificant variation in prevalence, but not risk, was seen between females and males. Concerning region, buffaloes of Wasit province were recorded a significant higher values of prevalence and risk than other regions. LSD in buffaloes is mainly sub-acute, and PCR appeared to be a suitable diagnostic method in detection of infection; however, furthermore studies are necessary.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127116_2ba480b5f7f06cf8c9ecf9843b093df0.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Epidemiology Study of Trichinella Spiralis Infection in Tyumen Region51552112777110.22092/ari.2022.359951.2522ENY. V GlazunovASRIVEA, Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, RussiaY. A VinogradovaNorthern Trans, Ural State Agricultural University, RussiaJournal Article20220908Trichinosis is a parasitic infection with worldwide distribution, which is caused by consuming pork or other meats containing cystic larvae of the parasitic nematode <em>Trichinella</em> <em>Spiralis</em>. This study aimed to investigate the status of infection <em>Trichinella</em> <em>Spiralis</em> in domestic and wild animals. To study the spread of trichinelles in animals, a retrospective analysis was conducted based on the study of research journals and conducted their research methods of compressor trichinelloscopy (microscopic) and digestion of samples in artificial gastric juice (biochemical). A total of 17 positive samples were detected for trichinellosis during the observation period, of which 58.8% belonged to a badger (<em>Meles Meles</em>), and 35.3% to the brown bear (<em>Ursusarctos</em>), and only 5.9% of wild boar (<em>Susscrofa</em>). The mean long-term extent of infection belonged to badgers (18.2%), bears (7.9%), and wild boars (0.05%). The study found that between 2015 and 2020, seventeen <em>Trichinella</em> cases were recorded among wildlife in the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Region. The number of annual <em>Trichinella</em> detection cases was declining, indicating the effectiveness of veterinary services. This study determined that the primary source of infection was bears, badgers, and wild boars. Among the 17 positive samples, 58.8% belonged to the badger, 35.3% to the bear, and only 5.9% to the wild boar.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127771_11559469fd46f8bef28ae1e57d9782f3.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401The Histopathological and Oxidative Stress Profiles in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) Induced by Dietary Lead52353012729510.22092/ari.2022.359352.2407ENR Abd AL-Zahra AliDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqA. J Rasmi HuwaitDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqR Issa AbedDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqM Faisal MajeedDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220712In their native habitat, avians are exposed to external toxicity factors, the most prominent of which are chemical lead compounds that threaten human and animal health. The goal of this investigation was to estimate the adverse effects of lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2 (H2O)3) on the health status of Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>). 18 adult male Japanese quails (<em>Coturnix coturnix japonica</em>) were employed in this investigation. After two weeks of acclimatization, the birds were randomly divided into three groups: the control group received no Pb<sup>+2</sup>, the Low Dose Group received 50 mg/kg of Pb<sup>+2</sup> as lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)<sub>2 </sub>(H2O)<sub>3</sub> in the diet, and the High Dose Group received 100 mg/kg of Pb<sup>+2</sup> as lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)<sub>2</sub>(H2O)<sub>3</sub> in the diet, for 30 days. Results showed that the Pb bioaccumulation was recorded at the highest values in the liver compared with the kidney, and as expected, the ranges of the lead accumulation were significantly higher in the animals who received 100 mg/kg Pb compared with animals who received 50 mg/kg Pb and the control group. In the high dose group, serum content showed significantly increased levels (<em>P</em>≤0.05) of aminotransferase enzymes (ALT and AST ), glucose, creatinine, and uric acid levels compared to other groups, while antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH, and GSH-PX) levels in the liver and kidney were significantly reduced (<em>P</em>≤0.05). The results showed that the MDA appeared to be significantly increasing (<em>P</em>≤0.05) in the high dose group compared to the other groups. Compared to the low dose and control groups, the high dosage group produced substantial histological abnormalities in the liver and kidney.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127295_d98f4bf36fdb5156aa86250fae5063a8.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Goiter in Cross Breed Goat Kids at Basrah Province, Iraq53153812749710.22092/ari.2022.359753.2472ENM. H LaftaDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqA JaradDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqK. M Al SaadDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220818Cases of Goiter related to iodine deficiency in cross-breed goat kids in Basrah, Iraq are very scarce, and little information has been provided; therefore, the present study highlighted a clinical case of goat kids suffering from Goiter due to iodine deficiency with hematological and biochemical evaluation. The study examined 44 cross-breed goat kids, 1-3 months old (males and females), who showed painless palpable enlargement on one side of the cranio-ventral neck region or near the throat rejoin with weakness and alopecia. Ten clinically healthy kids of the same age were considered a control group. This study's diseased and control group was subjected to complete clinical examinations. Diseased animals show painless palpable and visible enlarged thyroid glands with or without enlargement of the neck, sparse hair coats with little alopecia, slow growth rate, irregular appetite or unwillingness to suck, weakness, and emaciation. Furthermore, the presence of thyroid thrill during palpation of jugular furrow was also detected. Moreover, diseased goat kids show no significant difference in body temperature; however, a significant increase was encountered in respiratory rate with a significant decrease in heart rate. On the other hand, no significant changes have been detected in the hematological analysis between diseased goat kids and the control group concerning the chemical analysis between the diseased cross-breed goat kids and the control group; the results of the present study indicated a significant increase in TSH, whereas, T3, T4, FT4, glucose level, Vit. E (α-tocopherol) and serum glutathione peroxides were lowered in diseased cross-breed goat kids compared with the control group. In contrast, a significant hyper- cholesterolemia was indicated in diseased animals than in the control group. It was concluded that Goiter in kids could reflect harm effects terminated mostly with death. Therefore, improving the maternal diet is an important reason to reduce the development of the disease.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127497_58e1c6f7592a17d0cc865f7d278395fc.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Arginine-Silicate- Inositol and Phytase Complex on Performance and Blood Biochemical Traits of Laying Hens53954712732610.22092/ari.2022.359332.2404ENB. I HamedCollege of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Baghdad, IraqH. H NafaaOffice of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, IraqF. M HussainCollege of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220711Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; Arg = 49.47%, silicone = 8.2%, inositol = 25%) is a novel, bioavailable source of Si and Arg and may offer potential benefits for laying hens' performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Arginine-Silicate and inositol/phytase on the performance of laying hens. A total of 90 laying hens, 25 weeks old, were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 3 replicates (5 birds per replicate). The treatments were as follows: 1ST treatment PC: positive Control group (basal diet without additives (, 2nd treatment: basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate complex (49.5±8.2 % respectively), 3d treatment: basal diet +1000 mg/kg arginine-silicate- inositol (ASI) complex (49.5, 8.2 , 25 % respectively) , 4th treatment: T 2 +500 FTU/kg , 5th treatment: T2 +1000 FTU/kg and 6th treatment :T2+2000 FTU/kg . Results indicate a significant increase (<em>P</em><0.05) in hen house production (H.H. pro.%) of T5 (95.06 %)compared with T1(91.67%) and no significant differences between T2, T3, T4, T6 (91.84, 93.21, 93.46, 92.98%) and compared with T1 and T5. were no significant difference observed in average egg weight and egg mass between the experimental treatments all over the period. Daily feed intake (DFI) significantly decreased (<em>P</em><0.05) with supplementing diets with deferent levels of phytase with arginine–silicate mixture T4, T5, andT6 (113.56،113.06، 112.10 g) compared with T1 (114.34 g ) which has no significant differences compared with T2 and T3 (113.96, 113.92 g). Phytase supplementation significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) improved FCR g feed/egg in T5 (119.02) compared with T1 and T2 (124.89, 124.32), while no significant differences between T3.T4.T6 treatments (122.39, 121.80, 120.69) respectively and compared with other treatments. The experimental treatments observed no significant difference in g feed/ g egg.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127326_47180c1bec86fba2661d50e4ca28e5bc.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Anatomical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Description of the Abomasum in One-Humped Adult Camel (Camelus dromedary) in the South of Iraq54956012750010.22092/ari.2022.359521.2441ENZ. A SalanAnatomy and Histology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqS. A AliAnatomy and Histology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqA. H SadoonVeterinary Anatomy and Histology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220718The camel is an important mammal, especially in the Middle EAST, although it has received less attention than other mammals and ruminants. Due to the lack of studies in this field, the current research was designed to investigate the morphological, histological, and immunohistochemical of one-humped camel's stomach. In this study, the third chamber (abomasum) of the<strong><em> </em></strong>stomach in adult one-humped camels (<em>Camelus dromedaries</em>)<strong><em> </em></strong>were evaluated (n=12). The morphological study of the third chamber showed that it consisted of two parts, the letter J, where the front part was found to be tubular, the outer surface is smooth, swollen, and transparent, while the inner surface has longitudinal folds with a low height. The posterior part is spherical, and the inner surface is divided into two regions. Histological study showed that the abomasum<strong> </strong>consists of four layers and is lined with simple columnar epithelium. The lamina property is composed of loose connective tissue. It contains different glands that, according to their location from the abomasum, where cardiac, Fundus, and pyloric glands are found, as well as stomach cells such as neck cells, mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. In contrast, the sub mucosa layer is composed of loose connective tissue. It was also observed that the muscular layer is developed and contained from two layers, a circular inner and the outer one is longitudinal. It was also noted that the fourth layer is composed of loose connective tissue. The histochemical study showed a positive response to the PAS reagent.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127500_eec0897a6de2b12b9867d98b722db7a9.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Investigation of the Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Sheep from the Southern Region of Iraq56157012729210.22092/ari.2022.359291.2396ENG. F AlwanCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqK. M Al SaadCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220707In the southern region of Iraq, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) has been identified and diagnosed. The study was done on (300) local sheep breeds of varying ages and sexes exhibiting PPR symptoms, while (25), healthy sheep breeds served as the control group. Additionally, the diagnosis of PPRV was confirmed by PCR. Infected sheep exhibit a variety of clinical symptoms. However, DNA sequencing was used to detect genetic links and genetic variation, and the results revealed a closed genetic relationship with the NCBI BLAST PPRV India isolate (GU014574.1) at total genetic variation (0.02-0.01%). Results indicate a large rise in PCV and ESR in conjunction with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia, a significant difference in clotting factor indices, and a significant increase in ALT, AST, and CK. In addition, there was a substantial variation in acute phase response. Postmortem examinations revealed various erosive lesions on the upper and lower gums, severe hemorrhagic enteritis, particularly of the small intestine, and obvious congestion of the lungs. Histopathological changes revealed an obvious flattening of the intestinal mucosa as well as an enlargement of the villi. In addition to a granuloma in the sub-mucosa, chronic inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes, were seen invading the mucosa. It has been determined that the sickness was circulating in the southern region of Iraq and severely afflicted sheep, which might result in significant economic losses owing to the detrimental effects of the virus that causes the disease on the various bodily parts.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127292_992479d15834613b62f37917dbeb2446.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Melatonin Implants and Nutritional Restriction on Growth Performance of Local Male Lambs57157912732510.22092/ari.2022.359330.2402ENB. N. R AL-ObeidiDepartment of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, IraqA. R MansoorDepartment of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, IraqJournal Article20220711This experiment was conducted from 17 October 2021 to 9 January 2022 on the Department of Animal Production sheep field at the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. The study aimed to determine the impact of melatonin implants and dietary restrictions on local male lambs' nutritional and growth performance. It included 16 local male lambs ranging in age from 5 to 6 months and weighing an average of 35.31 3.71 kg. The lambs were separated into four equal groups (n=4) and placed in separate pens. The actual duration of the experiment was 69 days, divided into two phases: the first phase consisted of 42 days of nutritional restriction, and the second phase consisted of 27 days of re-nutrition. As a control treatment during the stage of nutritional restriction, the first group (T<sub>1</sub>) was fed ad libitum. In contrast, the second group (T<sub>2</sub>) was fed Ad libitum with 36 mg subcutaneous-ear implanted melatonin implants, and the third group (T<sub>3</sub>) was fed a restricted diet (R) of 75% of the Ad libitum. Comparatively, the fourth group (T<sub>4</sub>) was fed a restricted diet of 75% of the Ad libitum with 36 mg of subcutaneous-ear implanted Melatonin. Until the end of the re-feeding phase, all experimental treatments were provided with unrestricted access to food. The nutritional and growth performance parameters were measured during the nutritional restriction and re-feeding stage and the entire experiment duration. During the nutritional restriction stage (42 days), there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments in terms of total weight gain, daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and feeding efficiency. However, the experimental groups exhibited statistically significant differences in daily feed intake, daily dry matter intake, and dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight. In the re-feeding stage, there were no significant differences in the above nutritional and growth parameters among the experimental groups (27 days). This experiment concluded that feeding local male lambs 75% of Ad libitum with or without melatonin implants for 42 days, followed by re-feeding for 27 days, maintained the growth performance of the lambs with minimal feed intake and reduced lamb production costs.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127325_d1406f60fdf561e65808ef157630acae.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Bovine Milk on Implant Osseointegration: an in vivo Study58158612732710.22092/ari.2022.359467.2423ENL. K Al-KhafajiAl-Esraa University College, Baghdad, IraqA. Y Al-hijaziDepartment of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, IraqO Mohammed CheniDepartment of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, IraqB Fawzi AbdahDepartment of Dentistry, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20220723The safety and success of an implant after surgery depend on many factors, some related to the implant's biocompatibility, properties, surface modification, design, and other factors related to surgical procedures, implant bed preparation, and drilling techniques. It is recognized that the success of implant dentistry depends on several factors that may be related to biochemical properties and modification in mechanical properties. The present study aimed to assess the effect of using bovine milk as an irrigant solution on implant osseointegration. The implant socket was prepared by drilling bone holes in 20 femurs of the rabbits at steady rotation speeds with different irrigate solutions (normal saline / commercial pasteurized bovine milk). Mechanical tests and histological investigation were performed to estimate the removal torque record and implant contact area, BIC. Findings illustrate that implant contact area (BIC) and removal torque mean values are higher in experimental compared to control with more bone apposition and maturation at 4&8 week measured periods.<strong> </strong>Osseointegration is accelerated by using bovine milk in irrigation and rinsing of implant socket.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127327_43dbfb568a168eb8a0f65837c7a2e20d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Isolation and Molecular Identification of Salmonella pullorum from Broiler Chicken in Iraqi Fields58759212732410.22092/ari.2022.359468.2424ENR Ghazy HawalDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqM Talib BakrDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220723Pullorum disease (PD) is one of the most common diseases in the world, with devastating consequences. In the chicken sector, there have been financial losses. It is brought on by <em>Salmonella enteric subspecies serovar Gallinarum biovar pullorum</em>; definitive detection requires culture followed by biochemistry analysis and serotyping. This study aimed to verify the presence of bacteria by culture, biochemical characterization, PCR assay, and sequencing. One hundred samples were collected from 12 broiler chicken flocks of different ages for 8districts of Baghdad province, including cloacal swabs (65), visceral organs (15), and dropping (20). Salmonella colonies were identified by selective culture broth and agar with biochemical description for 75% of the total samples, with a higher incidence in visceral organs than dropping and cloacal swabs. ،The Sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA gene for representative Salmonella isolates. The presence of Salmonella <em>pullorum </em>isolates in global genetic strains; was revealed a matching NCBI isolates similarity of 99.02% with (MF445124.1) and 98% with (MH352164.1), respectively. In the current state of molecular and genetic research, phlyogentic research announced the real presence of <em>Salmonella pullorum </em>in Baghdadprovince's broiler chicken, also showing the phylogentic characteristics and links to some global isolates. The detection of <em>Salmonella pullorum </em>in broiler flocks of the current study extent of health risks to other uninfected birds present in the free range.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127324_f0896374f20c05a5ac42cc0b4664521b.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Potential of Aqueous Extract of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Using GC-ms59359912750310.22092/ari.2022.359860.2488ENZ Al TalebiChemistry Department, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqM. M KarhibDepartment of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hillah, Babylon, IraqM. M TakiNanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Centre, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqE Salaam AboodMedical Physics Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, IraqH. A MubarakDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, IraqC Sahar Ahmed IbrahimBabil Teaching Hospital For Maternity and Children, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20220830Antioxidant and antibacterial chemicals are key sources in medicinal plants. Alkaloids, phenolics, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, terpenes, and volatile oils are a few of these plants' secondary metabolites. Phytochemicals, particularly the secondary metabolites produced by plants, are important for human nutrition, well-being, illness prevention, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to ascertain the aqueous broccoli extract's chemical makeup. The phytochemical molecule that the GC-MS technique identified. The DPPH assay, which is appropriate for regular plant material screening, was performed to assess the antioxidant capacities of broccoli extract (in vitro). Subsequently looks at how well they perform against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative harmful microorganisms. GC-MS analysis of Broccoli extract revealed the existence of the9-Octadecenamide, [C18H35O], Hexadecane [c16h34] and 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl 2-methyltetrahydro-5-oxo-3- furancarboxylate [C23H33NO6]. There were significant changes in the extract's ascorbic acid-free radical scavenging activity at 200, 100, and 25 g/ml (P 0.05), and the activity was dose-dependent. The effectiveness of aqueous broccoli extract as a powerful, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent against tested bacteria is demonstrated by an increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone, which increases in direct proportion to the concentration of the extract and even surpasses the activity of some antibiotics. An appropriate concentration of aqueous broccoli extract strongly inhibits microbial and antioxidant growth, especially when treating external infections without any danger against resistant bacterial isolates; it is strongly advised to use aqueous broccoli extract as a cost-effective alternative antibacterial and antioxidant agent.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127503_51942ad5252537450cec3a1c30b4e16d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Immunological Role of Toll-Like Receptor Markers (TLR2 and TLR4) in Patients with Helicobacter pylori infection at Basrah, Iraq60160912747410.22092/ari.2022.359715.2458ENR. A KareemDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqL Kadhim BaqerDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220816<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> is a spiral-shaped, flagellated, microaerophilic bacteria found in the human gastric sub-mucosa. This study aimed to investigate the association between toll-like receptor markers (TLR2 and TLR4) and the infection with <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>. The study involved 224 participants randomly divided into 2 equal groups (n=112). The patient group (n=112) was involved with several gastrointestinal symptoms. They were compared to a control group (n=112) with negative <em>H. pylori tests. </em>Patients and control were subjected to upper digestive endoscopy with gastric biopsy for the rapid urease test, rapid diagnostic test, and ELISA test for TLR2 and TLR4 detection. The recorded data showed that 36 (32.1 %) patients with <em>H. pylori</em> were in the second to the third decades of their life (25-34 years), while 22 (19.6 %) positive <em>H. pylori</em>-infected individuals<em> </em>were in the age range of 15-24 years, which were very close to the participants in the age range of 35-44 years. On the other hand, it is revealed that 15 (13.4%) participants were in the fourth to fifth decades of life. This rate was very similar to the groups of patients within the sixth to seventh decades of their life (13 (11.6 %)), but the lowest number of cases with <em>H. pylori</em> patients found in the age range of 55-64 years were recorded 7.1%. In conclusion, the concentration of TLR2 and TLR4 is higher in <em>H. pylori</em>-positive participants compared to the control group. This might reflect the response of innate immunity of the body to the presence of <em>H. pylori</em> infection, and thus it may be used as an ancillary tool in the detection of the patient's susceptibility to this type of infection.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127474_8122932d49f82978d43fac9dd3e30d06.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401The Occurrence of the Strongylid Nematodes, Kalicephalus viparae viparae (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae), in Viper Snakes, Macrovipera lebetina (Reptilia: Viperidae), Southwestern Iranوقوع نماتود استرونژیلیدی، کالیسفالوس ویپره ویپره (نمانودا: دیافنوسفالیده) در مارهای افعی، ماکروویپرا لبتینا (خزندگان: ویپریده)، جنوب غرب ایران61161812749910.22092/ari.2022.359446.2418ENS LarkiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0001-6796-5200A AlborziDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranK BahramnejadDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranZ AsadiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20220724ancylostomatid <em>Kalicephalus</em> spp. is the common parasitic intestinal nematode of reptiles. West-Asian blunt-nosed viper is a venomous snake found in extensive areas of Iran. From June to September 2017, two dead viper snakes were referred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for intestinal parasites. Several white elongated roundworms were collected and fixed to identify under light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. For the molecular survey, some parts of the identified worms were extracted and the ITS of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Five roundworms were found in one snake and three worms with similar morphological characteristics in another one. All the collected female hookworms were taxonomically identified as <em>Kalicephalus viperae viperae</em>. The SEM findings showed the head was small and had three dorsal, ventral, and middle circumoral papillae with a spike-like process on the median papilla of <em>K. viperae</em>. Moreover, the buccal capsule was bivalvular and included two lateral valves consisting of several chitonid pieces. The tail of the female worm was slim and long with a blunt end and had a terminal spike at its end. In the molecular survey, the ITS of rDNA amplified at about 850 bp was identified as <em>K. viperae</em>. The ITS gene rDNA phylogeny analysis of the <em>K. viperae </em>sequence showed that the isolated species had high similarity to <em>Ancylostoma</em> species from around the world and is close to <em>Ancylostoma</em> <em>braziliense</em> with 88% discrepancies in the phylogenetic tree. The morphological characteristics and a large part of <em>K. viperea viperea</em> rDNA nucleotide sequence were reported in viper snakes for the first time in the world and in Iran.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127499_7e156266c93428817df487a2a7acd089.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Different Levels of Metabolizing Energy on Productive Performance of Two Grower Quail Strains61962612734010.22092/ari.2022.359474.2428ENY Ghanim KesabDepartment of Animal production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqR Nasser WaleedDepartment of Animal production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqM Mahmood KhaleelDepartment of Animal production, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, IraqJournal Article20220723Two strains of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), including 250 birds of desert and 250 birds of white color, all one day old and unsexed, were divided into five treatment groups with 50 replicates in each group. These treatments included five levels of metabolism energy (ME) levels, including 2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, and 3100 Kcal/Kg diet. The study included one stage from day 1 to day 42 of birds’ age. The results confirmed a statistically significant difference (<em>P</em>≤0.05) caused by ME levels in the body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (feed [g]: weight gain [g]), water consumption, water conversion ratio (ml: weight gain[g]), protein conversion ratio (protein [g]: weight gain [g]), energy conversion ratio (Kcal: weight gain [g]), carcass weight, in addition to albumin and triglyceride. Therefore, the results showed significant effects (<em>P</em>≤0.05) of ME levels and the interaction on feed consumption, protein consumption, edible giblet percentage, tenderness, and juiciness. Significant differences (<em>P</em>≤0.05) were also caused by ME levels in the total cholesterol. In addition, significant differences (<em>P</em>≤0.05) have been found in the interaction on mortality percentage. Net return (Iraqi Dinar/live weight [Kg]) for desert quail was better than that for the white quail (2900 Kcal/Kg diet), and the interaction effect was stronger on the desert strain with 2900 Kcal than the white strain.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127340_f8f4fa16c15dade3289392c5105a978d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Evaluation of the Efficacy of Sodium Chloride Nanoparticles on the Vitality of Leishmania Major (in vitro)62763212735110.22092/ari.2022.359469.2425ENI Abbas MarhoonDepartment of Biology, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, IraqM Majid Al-MusawiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Kufa, IraqJournal Article20220723Leishmaniasis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans by sand flies (<em>Phlebotomus spp</em>). <em>Leishmania major</em> promastigote causes Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in humans. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Sodium Chloride nanoparticles (NaCl NPs) on the vitality of <em>Leishmania major </em>promastigote compared with the standard dose of Pentostam under laboratory conditions. Various concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 μg/ml of the NaCl NPs were prepared. These concentrations were tested in vitro on <em>L. major</em> growth by the culture of the parasite in the cell culture microplate. After the fourth day, a different concentration of NaCl NPs was added with three replicates for each concentration. Later, the numbers of promastigotes were counted daily using a Haemocytometer stained by Trypan blue solution stain duration of the study, which continued for four days. The results showed that the Growth Index (GI) rate of <em>L. major</em> promastigote was decreased with increasing NaCl NPs concentration. The Growth Index rates were 1.32×10<sup>6</sup>, 1.31×10<sup>6</sup>, 0.95×10<sup>6</sup>, and 0.78×10<sup>6</sup>for the mentioned concentrations. These values were compared with the rate of the Pentostam group and control group, which were 1.09×10<sup>6</sup> and 3.43×10<sup>6</sup>, respectively. The results revealed that the highest inhibition percentage was 92% for 8 μg/ml NaCl NPs after 96 hours, Pentostam group and control group, which were %86 and %0.00 for inhibition promastigote, respectively in the same period. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference among concentrations at <em>P</em>≤0.05 compared with the Pentostam and control groups. The current study concluded that the NaCl NPs have an excellent biological effect in inhibiting<em> L. major</em> promastigote growth in vitro. These promising results paved the way for employing NaCl NPs to treat human cutaneous leishmaniasis.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127351_aa926bc55a56493e857d4cc02bf110ce.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Documentation of Genetic Diversity by Insulin-Like Growth Factor1 Receptor (Exon2) Gene for Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Iraq63364212734110.22092/ari.2022.359477.2429ENI Ali FadhilDepartment of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, 51013, Babylon, IraqB Qasim Hasan AlsaadiInstitute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate Studies, Baghdad University, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220723Insulin-Like Growth Factor1 Receptor (Exon2) (IGF1R) gene plays a vital role in physiological impacts, such as growth, development, reproduction, and metabolism. A significant difference was noted between the IGR1R (exon 2) gene and the body weight of <em>Dama dama. </em>In addition, the heterozygosity pattern (AB) was significantly higher than the other pattern (AA). There are three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; 144G˃C, 147A˃G, and 210A˃C) within the IGF-1R (exon 2) locus. The statistical analyses indicated the presence of three different haplotypes (GAA, CAA, and GGC). The analysis of relative frequencies indicated that the most frequent haplotype in the studied <em>Dama dama</em> population was Hap3 (GGC) (43.4782%) out of the three observed haplotypes. The results of SSCP-PCR revealed the variability of the target gene between the genotype frequencies in Fallow deer (<em>Dama dama</em>) with a high level of significance (<em>P</em>≤0.01) with two patterns (AA and AB) and an absence of BB pattern. The allele frequency of AA record a high level (71.74%) than the other genotype (AB) (28.26%), with a high-frequency level of the A allele (0.86) than the B allele (0.14). In current findings, SSCP genotyped in the <em>Dama dama</em> DNA observed an estimated 72% monomorphic loci and 28% polymorphic loci approximately. Hardy Weinberg equilibrium test (HW) was applied to the SSCP-PCR data matrix, and the statistical test was based on a chi-square (χ2) test. Chi-square was (55.928%) with a highly significant level (<em>P</em>≤0.01) recorded in the present study. As related to AA and AB genotypes mean, a significant difference (<em>P</em>≤0.05) was noted between IGF1R (exon 2) gene with a body weight of <em>Dama dama, </em>as well as the heterozygosity pattern (AB), was significantly (<em>P</em>≤0.05) higher than the other pattern (AA) (30.34±3.01kg versus 24.85±1.94kg), respectively. A significant impact (<em>P</em>≤0.05) between IGF1R (exon2) polymorphism and heart girth was founded to be related to the AB pattern (heterozygous) (76.92 ± 3.20 cm), whereas the lower value was related to the AA pattern (71.33 ± 2.49 cm). No significant differences in effects were shown in relation to body length and height at the shoulder. The present study is also interested in genetic characterization by calculating (Ne) as a tool for genetic diversity. Therefore, the number of alleles detected (Na) indicates that two alleles only were unique in the population of the study, with (1.3204) being the number of efficient alleles (Ne). Moreover, Shannon's Information index was recorded at 0.4073. The observed homozygosity (O.Hom.) and heterozygosity (HO) were (0.7174 and 0.2826), respectively. The values of expected homozygosity (E.Hom.) and heterozygosity (HE) were 0.7547 and 0.2453, respectively. The genetic diversity of Nei was 0.2427. The results showed an unexpected influx of IGF1R diversity measured by Fis and recorded the value (- 0.1646). In this sense, the results of the current study may be considered an approximation to the total genetic diversity of the population of Dama dama in Iraq, but the information obtained is relevant to proposing the strategies of conservation for the genetic diversity observed.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127341_aa3ad2f2af9fd1d23adbf6388ad5642a.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Diverse Expression Patterns of EBV Oncogenes (LMP2A, EBV-Encoded microRNA, and EBV-encoded dUTPase) in EBV Associated Gastric Carcinoma and their Association with Viral Loads64364912745010.22092/ari.2022.359408.2415ENM SoltaniVirology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2593-104xA NejatiVirology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranS. M MarashiVirology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranF NiliDepartment of Pathology, Imam Khomeini hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranM YaseriDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranT Mokhtari AzadVirology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20220726The chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) test is the gold standard for detecting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (GC). Real-time (RT) PCR method is also a sensitive test that can detect the viral load in samples. As such, three EBV oncogenes were investigated in this study. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed on GC tissues of nine patients, who were previously confirmed to have EBVGC subtype. In addition, 44 patients that had positive RT-PCR but negative CISH results were also included as the control group. TaqMan RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine the expression of EBV-encoded microRNAs, and the expression of EBV-encoded <em>dUTPase</em>, as well as <em>LMP2A</em>, was analyzed by SYBR Green RT-PCR. EBV-encoded microRNAs and <em>LMP2A</em> were identified in 2 out of 9 (22%) EBVGC subtypes. In addition, EBV-encoded <em>dUTPase</em> was detected in 4 out of 9 (44.5%) EBVGC subtypes. EBV-encoded <em>dUTPase</em> was also expressed in a sample of the control group. The expression of <em>LMP2A, </em>EBV-encoded microRNAs<em>, </em>and<em> </em>EBV-encoded<em> dUTPase</em> viral oncogenes in patients with high EBV viral loads indicates that these expressions correlate with viral loads. Our findings indicate that the EBV-encoded <em>dUTPase</em> gene may have a role in EBVGC patients’ non-response to treatment and might be considered a Biomarker-targeted therapy.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127450_fe3a6ae074b24fbce2c91504ff630d3c.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Eucommia Ulmoides on Healing of Bon Defect Using Histological and Histomorphometric Analysis in Rat: in vivo Study65165712735210.22092/ari.2022.359483.2434ENH Othman JassimOral Diagnosis Department, Collage of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqN. M. H Al-GhabanOral Diagnosis Department, Collage of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220723Bone repair is a complex multistep process. The flavonoid group present in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) helps to increase bone mineral density. This study aimed to evaluate the healing process of bone defects treated with EU and compare it to the control group using histological and histomorphometric tests. For this purpose, 24 albino rats were anesthetized and both of their femurs were prepared by drilling intra-bony defects (2 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth). In each rat, the right bony defects were considered control, while the left bony defects were treated with EU. Moreover, scarification was done with 1-, 2-, and 4-week healing intervals (n=8). Histological and histomorphometric analysis of bone microarchitectures were performed for more evaluations and the bone cells were counted (osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast) for comparison with the normal percentages. Moreover, trabecular number, trabecular area, and bone marrow area per mm<sup>2</sup> were measured using the ImageJ software. The recorded histological data revealed the acceleration of bone healing in the EU group, compared to the control group. Highly significant differences were observed in the animals treated with EU, compared to the control group for almost all histomorphometric parameters investigated in this Study. In conclusion, EU can improve bone healing and increase osteogenic capacity in rats.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127352_840abf247076c0c1b89d0e10853d7d86.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Adding Cordyceps sinensis Extract and Probiotic to the Diet on Productive Performance of Broiler65966612734210.22092/ari.2022.359478.2430ENS Khalid ShihabDirectorate of Agriculture of Anbar Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Iraq, Baghdad, IraqH Hkmat NafeaDepartment of Animal Recourse, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220723Following a substantial increase in poultry breeding, the demand for their meat has risen. Poultry meat is one of the primary sources of protein in human nutrition, which contributes to food security. However, implementing intensive breeding programs and exposing birds to multiple stressors have led to the overuse of antibiotics and worse poultry health. This study was carried out at the poultry farm of the Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq from 28/10/2021 to 8/12/2021 (42 days), to show the effect of the addition of <em>Cordyceps sinensis</em> extract and a probiotic to the diet of broilers on their productive performance. For this purpose, 210 one-day-old unsexed chicks of strain (Ross 308) were used with an average weight of 40 g. They were randomly divided into seven groups of treatments, and each treatment had three replicates (10 chicks per replicate). The treatments included T1, which was the control group without any addition to the diet, T2 and T3 with the addition of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract at a level of 300 and 600 mg/kg feed, respectively, T4 and T5 with the addition of a probiotic at the level of 3 and 6 g/kg feed, respectively, T6 with the addition of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract at a level of 300 mg/kg feed + the probiotic at a level of 3 g/kg feed, T7 with the addition of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract at a level of 600 mg/kg feed + the probiotic at a level of 3 g/kg fodder and 6 g/kg feed. The results showed a significant superiority (<em>P</em>≤0.05) in favor of the T6 and T7 treatments, which included the mixture of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract and the probiotic, in terms of the average body weight at the sixth week, over the rest of the treatments except for the T3 treatment which included the addition of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract at a level of 600 mg/kg feed. Regarding weight increase, the T3 treatment, which included the addition of <em>C. sinensis</em> extract at a level of 600 mg/kg feed, was significantly superior (<em>P</em>≤0.05) to the T4 treatment, which included the addition of the booster at a level of 3 g/kg feed. Regarding the feed consumption rate, it was observed that all the added treatments significantly decreased it (<em>P</em>≤0.05), compared to the control T1 and the cumulative feed conversion factor (0-6 weeks). It was noticed that the treatments of the mixture T6 and T7 led to a significant (<em>P</em>≤0.05) improvement, compared to the other experimental treatments. It is concluded from this that the addition that <em>C. sinensis</em> extract and the probiotic improved the productive performance of broilers without any adverse effects.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127342_c4966bfeef78bebc4ea28d0aa8e2153f.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Neurotransmitters Disorders with Mild Hyperphenylalaninemia: The Ones That Should Not Be Missed66767312734310.22092/ari.2022.359480.2431ENO. A ThoalnoonPediatric Neurologist, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, IraqA. A KareemConsultant Pediatric Neurology, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, IraqH. Z HammoodiConsultant Pediatric Neurology, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220723Phenylalanine (PHE) is an essential amino acid. Dietary PHE converts to tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) activity. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from PAH enzyme deficiency. Elevations of PHE in plasma are classified based on the degree of enzyme deficiency into classic PKU (PHE≥1200 μmol/l), mild PKU (PHE>600 μmol/l and <1200 μmol/l), and non-PKU-hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) or mild hyperphenylalaninemia (MHP) (PHE≤600 μmol/l). This is a single-center study of consecutive patients managed at the Pediatric Neurology Department and the outpatient clinic at Children’s Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, from the 1st of October 2019 to the 1st of October 2020. Five patients were selected who were proven to have non-PKU-HPA (PHE<600 µmol/L) confirmed by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and assured to have sapropterin response by the sapropterin loading test which showed >30% decrease in PHE level. All patients presented with a neurological complaint, they were between three months and 15 years, and they were treated with sapropterin, Levodopa (L-Dopa), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The study included the demographic and clinical profile, biochemical response to sapropterin, and clinical response to treatment according to the development quotient. The five patients enrolled in this study had a gross motor developmental delay as their main symptom. One case also had a seizure and dystonia, another had a fluctuation of symptoms, four had a consanguineous marriage, and two had a family history of the same condition. Moreover, all cases had a higher than 30% decrease in PHE level by the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading test, and all of them showed significant clinical improvements after treatment except for one that showed only a moderate improvement. The BH4 therapy significantly enhanced dietary PHE tolerance and permitted a PHE-free medical formula to be discontinued in all patients with PHE within an achieved therapeutic target (120-300 μM]. MHP is not a mild disease as it may be related to neurotransmitter disorders. Sapropterin, L-DOPA, and 5-HT are always used for patients suspected of having neurotransmitter diseases, particularly those with MHP.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127343_453145c7ffd2812ae7460bf774aa2c08.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Serological Detection for Toxoplasmosis among Patients with Covid-19 in Thi-Qar Province67568012734410.22092/ari.2022.359481.2432ENA Ahmed AbedCollege of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, IraqA Khudair KalafCollege of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, IraqJournal Article20220723Covid-19 is a viral disease that affects humans caused by a type of virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae called the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The parasitic infection associated with this disease affects the host's immune response<em> regulation.<strong> </strong></em>The levels of IgG and IgM of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> in the serum of patients with COVID-19 were measured by immunoassay of the patient’s sera by ELISA. Also, the level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in a covid-19 patient with or without Toxoplasmosis was evaluated.<strong><em> </em></strong>120 samples were collected, 60 were positive for COVID-19, confirmed by clinically and radiographic examination, and 30 were in the control group. The results showed a significant difference between the infection with Covid-19 and <em>T. gondii</em> during the chronic phase of Toxoplasmosis compared to the negative relationship in the acute phase. The results of INF-γ levels among Covid-19 patients were positive for all samples included in the test (30 Covid-19 patients and 30 patients COVID-19(+)/<em>T. gondii</em> IgG) compared to the control group. The chronic form of Toxoplasma disease, due to change in the production of this interferon, the COVID-19 infection has changed.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127344_1c2aa9b6d7b3ed09fe3f9e47e3782988.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Effect of Vitamin D3 on some Antioxidant Parameters in Chilled Semen in Awassi Ram68168712734510.22092/ari.2022.359482.2433ENM Hakim Abed BresmDepartment of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, IraqH Mohammed Hassan HabeebDepartment of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, IraqJournal Article20220723To sustain the viability of the sperm of farm animals, the sperm is chilled. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may damage it, resulting in oxidative stress and decreased sperm viability. This study aimed to assess the various concentrations of vitamin D3 as antioxidants in the chilled sperm of Awassi. This study was performed on 23 ejaculates from three Awassi rams. The samples were combined, diluted with Tris-egg yolk extender (1:10), and then divided into aliquots. Aliquots were treated with three vitamin D3 concentrations (T1=0.02, T2=0.004, and T3=0.002 g/ml) and one control without the addition of vitamin D3. The experimental and control groups were chilled to reach 5 ºC. Following treatment, the samples were centrifuged at 2,000 RPM for 20 min at 0 and 72 h after the treatment. Until evaluation, the seminal plasm was stored in a freezer at 20 ºC. In this study, the antioxidant activity of vitamin D3 was evaluated using malondialdehyde (MDA), ROS, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The SAS software was used to analyze variance on repeated measures with a single factor. The results indicated that the TAC and SOD were considerably higher in T1, compared to that in T0, T1, and T2. In addition, CAT was considerably higher in T2 than in T0, T1, and T3. However, ROS and MDA did not differ significantly among the experimental groups. Despite the absence of a statistically significant difference among experimental groups, MDA decreased quantitatively on T1, relative to other experimental groups. In conclusion, a deficiency in vitamin D3 has a potential antioxidant capability, introducing a novel method for extending sperm storage.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127345_8c56f0a48b598c1ce8ed9e8fed5fb453.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401The Impact of Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV) on the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Death–Domain Associated Protein (DAXX) in Breast Carcinoma Tissues68969912734910.22092/ari.2022.359520.2440ENH Ali NaeemDepartment of Pathology and Forensic, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqW Nazar IbraheimDepartment of Pathology and Forensic, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqS. A Abdullah AlomarDepartment of Pathology and Forensic, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220727The presence and characteristics of HMTV in Iraqi breast cancer women are still unknown. Furthermore, the identification of HMTV in human breast carcinoma tissue of patients differs by country, and the factors that influence it are still unknown. In many epithelial tumor types, the EGFR and its signaling pathways outcomes are necessary for the behavior of cells and regulating their proliferation, and it has been discovered that DAXX has strong carcinogenic characteristics and could be a new treatment target. This case-control retrospective study investigated the presence of HMTV in paraffin-embedded blocks (FFPT) of tumor samples from 60 Iraqi women patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer and 20 cases of benign tumors as a control group. <em>HMTV env</em> sequences were identified by Real-time PCR. EGFR and DAXX expression were immun0-detected by the immuno-histochemistry technique. HMTV sequences were detected in 15 (25%) samples of malignant breast tumors and 8 (40%) samples of benign breast tumors. There was no statistically significant association between the detection of env sequences of HMTV and age, grade, hormone receptors, EGFR, or DAXX expression compared to clinicopathological characteristics. However, statistically, the data showed a highly significant difference in the Expression of EGFR between study groups, age, and histological types (<em>P</em>=0.0001), and a significant negative association was observed between EGFR and both Her2 and TNBC. There was a statistically significant difference between DAXX (+) and DAXX (−) in study groups (<em>P</em>=0.002), and it was significantly associated with age and histological types of breast cancer (<em>P</em>=0.031 and 0.007, respectively). No significant association was found between DAXX and EGFR, grade, Her2. TNBC of breast cancer. The current study found HMTV <em>env</em> sequences in breast tumors of Iraqi women, suggesting that a larger sample size is needed to illustrate the potential causative role of HMTV in the development of human breast malignancy. Moreover, a negative association was found between HMTV and DAXX and EGFR Expression.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127349_a530b5cae9a7a28731afd0fceed50898.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401A Promising Natural Anticancer Compound Derived from Gymnoascus dankaliensis70170812747310.22092/ari.2022.359717.2459ENF. N JaferDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqA Al-LaaeibyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220816Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells and is universally estimated to be a common cause of death. No decisive treatment has been identified to cure cancer; therefore, scientists have focused on developing safe and effective treatments. The activity of natural compounds isolated from living organisms, such as fungi, has been investigated in cancer cells. This study aimed to isolate and analyze natural products, as secondary metabolites (SM), of the fungus <em>Gymnoascus dankaliensis (G. dankaliensis) </em>and identify their activity against SR and HCT-18 (HRT-18) cell lines. <em>G. dankaliensis</em> was isolated from dung samples and identified using a molecular method. The internal transcribed spacer region was amplified from the isolated genomic DNA and sequenced afterward. The isolate was grown on a rice medium as a solid-state fermentation medium to extract natural metabolite products using the ethyl acetate extraction method. The GC-MS analyzed the compound of the natural extract, and the activity of the natural extract was identified against SR and HCT-18 cell lines. The results revealed the ability of <em>G. dankaliensis</em> to produce a natural product as an SM composed of five compounds. The growth of the treated SR and HCT-8 cell lines with the natural extract was inhibited after incubation for 27 h, with the IC50 being 3.57 and 8.61 µg/mL on the HCT-18 and SR cell lines, respectively. In conclusion, the natural extract isolated from the SM of <em>G. dankaliensis</em> showed activity against cancer cells, affecting the SR and HCT-18 cell lines, compared to the control. These results revealed that the product is a promising anticancer treatment.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127473_b92a6eaa3a9460cc77092e88808def02.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401The GGC Medium Reduces the DNA Fragmentation of Human Spermatozoa via in vitro Activation70971412748910.22092/ari.2022.359720.2461ENN Kareem KadhimDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad, IraqA Hussein ZwamelRadiology Techniques Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, IraqJournal Article20220816<em>In vitro</em> sperm stimulation by the addition of certain chemicals has become one of the most significant techniques for dealing with sperm DNA fragmentation, which is one of the leading causes of male infertility. The GGC medium is an invented triple antioxidant-containing medium (10 mM/ml green tea extract, 10 mM/ml glutathione, 60 mM/ml vitamin C, sodium pyruvate 0.01g/L, and 10% human serum albumin applied to 1L Ringer solution) for <em>in vitro</em> human sperm activation. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the human sperm DNA after <em>in vitro</em> activation using a GGC medium. For this purpose, 200 semen samples were employed in this study. Before activation by swim-up technique, the samples were split into three groups, consisting of a control group (G1) with no activation medium, and G2 and G3 groups activated with Ferticult flushing medium and GGC medium, respectively. Afterward, the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was assessed pre- and post-swim-up activation. Based on the comparison of pre- and post-activation stages, the findings of DNA fragmentation revealed a significant increase at the pre-activation stage. Furthermore, relative to the other treatment groups, there was a strong significant (<em>P</em><0.05) reduction of DFI in samples activated with GGC medium. The G2 and G3 showed a substantial reduction of DFI at the post-activation stage, compared to the pre-activation stage (<em>P</em><0.05). According to the findings, both mediums can reduce DNA fragmentation; however, the GGC medium showed the most significant outcomes, compared to the Ferticult medium used for the <em>in vitro</em> activation of spermatozoa.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127489_64672bf0941ddf5f89705a7314b29b49.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Post-COVID-19 Complications and their Laboratory Findings: A Cohort Study71572012749010.22092/ari.2022.359721.2462ENG Othman QadirDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IraqDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, IraqK Omar AhmedDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, IraqB Ahmed SalehDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IraqDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, IraqK Ahmed Hamad AmeenDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, IraqI Mustafa MawludDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Al-Qalam University College, Kirkuk, IraqDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, IraqH Jalal TaherDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Health and Medical Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, IraqJournal Article20220816Type 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus infection has become the most well-known pandemic infectious viral disease in the present century. This study aims to find out the post-COVID-19 infection complications via a well-designed observational study. A total of 986 recovered cases (only the period ranged between 2 to 3 months after recovery) were obtained from public and private hospitals in Kirkuk and Erbil governorates\Iraq. The admitted patients were asked to answer a questionnaire through interviews; the laboratory findings were obtained from the patients. The results suggested that approximately half of post-COVID-19 patients (%45.606) were suffering from chest pain, while (%32.357) of the cases suffered headache and chest pain. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) showed abnormal percent values of 38.6,24.07, and 26.09, respectively. Renal function enzymes, mainly urea, were found to be abnormal in 45.37% of recovered individuals. Furthermore, abnormal LDH levels were found in (77.9%) of post-COVID-19patients. This finding revealed that chest pain was an inflammatory condition and liver and renal enzyme disturbances, while elevation in LDH was the predominant long-term complication in post-COVID-19 patients.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127490_3c319af6d93c104eafab7e0b477d969c.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401New Technique for Human Sperm Cryopreservation Using Emptied Sheep’s Ovarian Follicles72172712748810.22092/ari.2022.359719.2460ENA Hussein ZwamelRadiology Techniques Department, College of Medical Technology, the Islamic University, Najaf, IraqM. B Muhammad-Rashad FakhrildinDepartment of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Najaf, IraqH Hadi HassaniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220816This study aimed<strong> </strong>to investigate the efficacy of emptied ovarian follicles of sheep as a container for cryopreservation of human spermatozoa to preserve the presence of low concentrations of spermatozoa at the post-thawing stage.<strong> </strong>This research was performed on<strong> </strong>30 semen samples from oligozoospermic patients and 10 samples from normozoospermic males. They were diagnosed according to the standard criteria of the World Health Organization 2010. Semen samples were classified into four groups of G1-G4 according to sperm concentration: 3-5 million/mL, 6-10 million/mL, 11-15 million/mL, and 16-20 million/mL, respectively. Each sample was divided into two equal parts. One part was cryopreserved without cryoprotectant, while the other was diluted 1:1 with 10% glycerol-based cryosolution. The ovarian follicles of sheep were obtained from a local slaughterhouse and prepared by slicing the ovaries and evacuating the follicular fluid and oocyte. The emptied follicles were injected with the prepared semen samples. After cryopreservation and thawing, the semen mixture aspired outside the follicles, and sperm parameters were measured, namely concentration, progressive motility, total motility, and normal morphology. Sperm concentration and progressive and total sperm motility were significantly (<em>P</em><0.01) decreased in all groups at the post-thawing stage, compared to the pre-freezing stage. The sperm concentration was significantly higher (<em>P</em><0.01) in samples cryopreserved without cryoprotectant, compared to that in those cryopreserved with glycerol. However, progressive and total motility were significantly (<em>P</em><0.01) higher in samples cryopreserved with glycerol, compared to that in the samples cryopreserved without cryoprotectant in all groups. Moreover, no significant difference was found between the pre-freezing and post-thawing stages in terms of normal morphology. Emptied ovarian follicles are an appropriate carrier for cryopreservation of human sperms, especially for patients with oligozoospermia. The best sperm survival rate in this technique was observed when using glycerol-based cryosolution.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127488_dd6aefd93bb2154389b5e7a578928201.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Immune Response and Histological Changes in Broilers Chickens Vaccinated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccines72973512749110.22092/ari.2022.359729.2464ENS Muofaq Khalaf,Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqA Jawad AliDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220816<em>Mycoplasma</em> is unique among prokaryotes because of its small size, small genomes, and complete lack of cell walls, which makes them cell wall-less prokaryotes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccinating one-day-old chicks with inactivated and live vaccines (CRDF) of <em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</em> (MG) on their humoral immune response and immune organs. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used to measure Ab titers and investigate histopathological changes. A total of 130 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups of 30. The groups were treated as follows: G1 included the chicks vaccinated with live F-strain MG vaccine (on eye drop of 0.03ml/dose), G2 included the chicks vaccinated with inactivated MG (0.3 ml s.c) vaccine, G3 included the chicks vaccinated with inactivated and live MG vaccines, and G4 was considered the control group, in which the chicks were not vaccinated. Blood samples were collected on days 21 and 35 of the chick’s life to measure the titers of specific antibodies. On day 35, the chicks were dissected, and the bursa of Fabricius, as well as the spleen, were removed for histological evaluations. On day 21, the results showed a significant difference (<em>P</em>≤0.05) between all vaccinated groups in Ab titers, compared to G4, with the highest mean in G3, followed by G2 and G1, in descending order. On day 35, there was a significant difference (<em>P</em>≤0.05) between G3 and other vaccinated groups (G2 and G1), as well as G4. In addition, there was a significant increase in all vaccinated groups on day 35, compared to day 21. In G1, histopathological examination results showed a moderate lymphocytic hyperplasia bursal follicle. In G2, varying degrees of lymphoproliferative were observed in the major bursal follicle, and in G3, a marked lymphocytic hyperplasia bursal follicle was observed. In G4, on the other hand, no obvious histopathological findings were recorded. The results of the spleen histopathological evaluation showed various degrees of lymphoproliferative and moderate neutrophilic infiltrate in the red pulp in G1, and mild sinus congestion with scattered lymphocytes was recorded in the lumen in G2. In the spleen of the chicks in G3, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia was observed. In contrast to the groups mentioned above, in G4, the spleen structure showed a typical structure. It was concluded that the chicks vaccinated with inactivated and live MG vaccines experienced increased production of Ab titers and the immune stimulation of immune organs. https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127491_cd2ae175d0865da93fadccc24c68fd2d.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Role of Serum Ferritin, D-Dimer, and C-Reactive Protein Parameters in COVID 19 Severity73774212749310.22092/ari.2022.359731.2466ENZ Abdullateef AbdullahDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqL Fouad AliDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220816Following the epidemics caused by the transmission of the common virus between humans and animals (COVID-19), coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third and most deadly strain of RNA virus that can cause respiratory, digestive, and nervous system problems, and there are many unknown complications. This study included 170 clinical samples of nasopharyngeal swaps (100 patients and 70 controls for both males and females). RT-PCR was performed, and blood samples were taken for biochemical analyses. They were obtained from Iraqi patients aged 25 to 92 years old. Between November 2021 and March 2022, COVID-19 patients were admitted to Dar al-salam Hospital, Alyarmok Teaching Hospital, and Alshefaa Hospital. AFIAS D-Dimer, AFIAS ferritin, and NycoCard CRP tests were performed on the patients and were classified depending on the severity of their infection (mild or moderate, severe and critical). The results showed a significant increase in ferritin in critically ill patients (545.58 ± 57.71). A significant increase of D-dimer was found with different severity with highly significant in the critical group (3.93 ± 0.79). With varying degrees of severity, a substantial rise in CRP was discovered with highly significant in the critical group (96.27 ± 14.55) between the severity group (<em>p</em>-value <0.001). Also, COVID-19 individuals in the age range (50 – 60) tended to be more severe than younger people, whereas the effect of gender is not significant in any patient group. The biochemical factors, including D-Dimer, ferritin, and CRP, are effective in the disease's occurrence of symptoms and severity.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127493_fe18e7d6094fce295e15c241df03951f.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis74375012750410.22092/ari.2022.359861.2489ENE Mohammed JasimMedical Microbiology Department, Medical College, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, IraqS Khudhur JameelMedical Microbiology Department, Medical College, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, IraqN Ihsan AwadhMedical City Complex, Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Unit, Baghdad, IraqJournal Article20220830Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent inflammation in synovial joints. Interleukine-32 (IL32) is known to have significant pro-inflammatory effects in RA, and IL37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces the immune response and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of IL32 and IL73 in RA patients. The sample included 50 patients (46 females and four males) with RA and 40 healthy controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected serum levels of IL32 and IL37. The disease parameters’ activity was measured by the clinical disease activity index, and the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured by the Westergren method. Moreover, C-Reactive protein, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide antibodies were measured using the ELISA. The results showed elevated serum levels of IL32 and IL37 in patients with RA (<em>P</em><0.05). The mean duration of RA in most patients was <12 years, and the level of disease activity among the cases group was mainly moderate (70%). There was no significant difference between the mean levels of IL32 and IL37 in patients with RA. This study showed that although IL32 and IL37 played an essential role in RA pathogenesis, there was no significant correlation between serum levels of IL32 and IL37 and disease duration or activity.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127504_22eacfb4211347f18c6337f614708434.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Interleukin-1β rs1143634 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Periodontitis in the Iraqi Population75175612750610.22092/ari.2022.359864.2491ENS. A DahashDepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, IraqL Kusrat HusseinDepartment of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Anbar, IraqJournal Article20220830Periodontitis is a complex multifactorial inflammatory disease, and its genetic basis has been studied. The Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a crucial proinflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of periodontitis with high polymorphism. This study aimed to investigate whether the rs1143634 genetic variant of the IL-1β gene is associated with an increased risk for periodontitis. For this purpose, genotyping of the IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method on 90 patients within the age range of 35-60 years old. They were divided into two groups: 64 periodontitis cases (stage 3 and 4 periodontitis according to 2017 classification) and 26 racially matched healthy cases as the control group. Fisher's exact test showed a significant decrease in TT homozygous genotype in periodontitis cases, compared to the control group (<em>P</em>=0.018), suggesting that this genotype is a protective factor in the test population. Allele frequency showed an elevated odd ratio (1.24) and increased risk for periodontitis in subjects with allele C and reduced odd ratio (0.81) and reduced risk for periodontitis in subjects with allele T. Allele T of IL-1β rs1143634 polymorphism could be a protective factor, while Allele C of this polymorphism could be a risk factor for periodontitis in the studied Iraqi population.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127506_e3766826f80fa51b21262ad8ff29e6fa.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Complete Genome Sequencing of an Embryonated Chicken Egg-Adapted Duck atadenovirus Aتوالییابی کامل ژنومی آتادناویروس اردک A آداپتهشده در تخممرغ جنیندار75776512858410.22092/ari.2022.360121.2557ENM BashashatiDepartment of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranM BananiDepartment of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranB Haerian ArdakaniDepartment of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranF SabouriDepartment of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranJournal Article20220928Egg drop syndrome (EDS) is prevalent in industrial poultry globally. This disease is caused by <em>Duck atadenovirus A</em> or EDS virus (EDSV), a member of the genus <em>Atadenovirus</em> under the family <em>Adenoviridae</em>. The disease is attributed to significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide due to a drop in egg production, reduction in egg quality, and failure to reach maximum egg production. Oil‐adjuvant inactivated vaccines, which are widely used in the poultry industry, provide good protection for immunized chickens against EDS. This study aimed to genetically and phylogenetically analyze the full-length genome of an embryonated chicken egg-adapted EDSV strain 127. After extraction of viral DNA from the allantoic fluid, overlapping fragments of the viral genome sequence were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 25 pairs of primers. Purified PCR products were subjected to complete genome sequencing by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. The nucleotide homology observed between genomes of the studied strain and that of the original strain 127 (NC_001813) of laying chickens was 99.9%. Its genome was 33,213 bp in length, with a G + C content of 43.01%. A comparison of the genome sequence of the egg-adapted virus with strain 127 revealed only three non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between these viral genome sequences. Two mutations of S320G and I62K out of these SNPs were found within the coding regions of fiber and hypothetical proteins which may play a role in the adaptation of EDSV in the embryonated chicken eggs. The full genome sequencing of EDSV using NGS techniques provides insights into the discovery of genetic variants. Moreover, the genome sequence information of the EDSV provides valuable data for vaccine development in near future.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_128584_5db97beb3c7927ef5de7f795770b1850.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Monitoring of Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Strain Replication in Embryonated Chicken Eggs by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reactionپایش روند رشد و تکثیر سویه واکسینال ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در تخممرغهای جنیندار به روش واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز رونویسی معکوس (RT-PCR)76777312747210.22092/ari.2022.359142.2377ENR GhadimipourDepartment of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Marand, Iran0000-0003-4568-5595M TaghizadehDepartment of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran0000-0001-5456-4889M BashashatiDepartment of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranM. M EbrahimiDepartment of Poultry Research and Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranA SamadiDepartment of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Marand, IranS MohammadzadehDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Marand Branch of Islamic Azad University, Marand, IranJournal Article20220624The knowledge of virus and replication kinetics plays a key role in developing a vaccine. This study aimed to monitor the replication process and determine the best harvesting time of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V4 vaccine strain in the allantoic fluids of specific pathogen-free (SPF)-embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hemagglutination (HA), and egg infective dose 50% (EID<sub>50</sub>) tests. For this purpose, the V4 vaccine strain of the virus was intra-allantoically inoculated into 96 10-day-old SPF-ECEs at the rate of 0.1 mL/ECE. The allantoic fluids of the inoculated eggs were collected from six eggs at six-hour intervals up to 96 hours post-infection (hpi). The harvested suspensions were confirmed to contain the NDV by the mentioned serologic and molecular techniques. Based on the results, the virus was first detected at 36 hpi in ECEs by RT-PCR. The peak of HA and EID<sub>50</sub> titers in allantoic fluids started at 42 hpi, and the titers were at the highest level until the end of the experiment. The results indicated that the best virus harvesting time for the NDV V4 vaccine strain in ECEs is between 42-60 hpi. These findings pave the way for adequate and enhanced production rate, immunogenicity, and cost-related parameters in the V4 Newcastle vaccine development.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127472_5bb847432718c4f4d9f59dad14e673a6.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343978220230401Correlation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Serum Level with Gene Polymorphism and Its Effect on Women with Unexplained Infertility, Basra, Iraq77578312750510.22092/ari.2022.359863.2490ENM. Q TuamaDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqW. N IbrahimDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqM ShariefDepartment of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqJournal Article20220830Infertility of unknown etiology is considered a significant medical and health problem. This study focused on the role of the estrogen receptor alpha (<em>ESRα</em>) gene polymorphism, <em>PvuII</em> (rs2234693), and its effect on the amount of <em>ESRα</em> in the blood of women who cannot get pregnant for unknown reasons. A total of 184 females were evaluated, including 102 with unexplained infertility (UI) and 82 age-matched control females (with at least one living child and no history of infertility). Blood samples were collected, genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples, and the genotyping of the <em>ESRα</em> gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). <em>ESRα</em> expression levels were assessed by the ELISA. The study revealed that the mean serum level of <em>ESRα</em> was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). Furthermore, the genotypes (TT, TC, and CC) and alleles (T and C) significantly influenced the plasma level of <em>ESRα</em> in the study population. Moreover, the presence of the C allele was considered a risk factor, and the polymorphism had a significant effect on <em>ESRα</em> expression level in women with UI.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_127505_55b3a2cf01b11f06eb81b9627016a53d.pdf