Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae from Backyard and Commercial Turkeys in Some Parts of Iranتشخیص مولکولی مایکوپلاسما سینوویه بوقلمون های تجاری و سنتی برخی از نقاط ایران798511661510.22092/ari.2018.116615ENُS. RasoulinezhadDepartment of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranM. H. BozorgmehrifardDepartment of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranH. HosseiniDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, IranN. SheikhiDepartment of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranS. CharkhkarDepartment of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170121<em>M. synoviae </em>(<em>MS</em>) is an economically important pathogen and the major cause of airsacculitis and infectious synovitis in turkeys. Infection with this pathogen may remain asymptomatic but can render infected birds susceptible to secondary infections. This study was carried out for the molecular detection of <em>MS</em> infection in commercial and backyard turkey flocks in Tehran, Semnan, Isfahan, Qazvin, Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces of Iran. Sixty-hundred tracheal, choanal cleft or/and infraorbital sinus samples were collected from 18 commercial and 31 backyard turkey flocks. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed by using primers specific for detecting the 16S rRNA and <em>vlhA</em> genes of <em>MS</em>. The results showed that 51.61% of backyard and 33.33% of commercial farms were <em>MS</em>-positive. These findings suggested the molecular presence of <em>MS,</em> especially in northern and central regions of Iran. Further, the frequency of <em>MS</em>-positive samples was significantly lower in commercial farms than backyard farms (P<0.05).https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116615_180be3217eaa9d90a617387ccea96ec2.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Prevalence of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Canine Population Across Indiaمطالعه شیوع عفونت مونوسیتی سگان ارلی شیوز در جمعیتهای سگان در هند879311661610.22092/ari.2018.116616ENK. KukretiBiotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar PradeshL. PandeySt. aloysius College, Jabalpur (MP), IndiaM. DasBiotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, IndiaA. RastogiBiotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, IndiaR. DubeyBiotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, IndiaP. SharmaBiotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, IndiaJournal Article20170331Canine ehrlichiosis is a very important emerging disease in India. This study is the first attempt screening a large number of canines in India for the detection of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. In the present study, 510 blood samples of dogs were screened for the presence of <em>Ehrlichia canis</em> and other variants of <em>Anaplasmataceae</em> family by serological and molecular methods.Out of the 510 serum samples, 293 (57.5%) cases were found positive for the presence of <em>E. canis</em> antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, and 45 (8.8%) and 1 (0.2%) specimens were positive for <em>E. canis</em> and <em>A. platys</em>, respectively, based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the clinical samples of <em>E. canis</em>, the minimum detection limit for PCR was9 ng. In the immunofluorescence assay (IFA), the positive blood samples showed comparable results with those obtained from the commercially available dot ELISA kit (giving equivalent IFA titer). The results of sequencing were compared with other reported isolates in various regions of the world, and a phylogenetic relationship was established. The 16S rRNA region that was amplified and sequenced for <em>E. canis</em> and <em>A. platys</em> was highly conserved and so was another Vir B9 region.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116616_f4a2c46194f5f0e08f7b2a1e8353fbdf.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Effect of Four Chicken Carcass Transportation Methods at Selected Room Temperatures on the Bacterial Load of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Species, and Escherichia coliتاثیر چهار روش حمل و نقل لاشه مرغ در دماهای انتخابی اتاق نسبت به عوامل باکتریایی استافیلوکوکوس ارئوس و انواع سالمونلا و اشرشیا کلی9510611661710.22092/ari.2018.116617ENN. HosseinnezhadDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranH. AhariDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranA. AkhondzadehDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20170212Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisonings in humans through infected poultries. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of transportation of chicken carcasses at 18-24, 4-5, and 10-14 <sup>o</sup>C on the bacterial loads of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted on 180 fresh chicken carcasses (1197.0±19.88 g) randomly collected from a commercial poultry processing plant in southern Tehran, Iran, in a hot season in 2015. The sampling was performed at two stages, namely post-chilled washing and after 4 h of transportation. In the latter stage, the samples were selected from three vehicles with three types of temperatures. These vehicles included a pickup (18-24 <sup>o</sup>C), a refrigerated car (4-5<sup> o</sup>C), and a refrigerated vehicle with switched off refrigerator (10-14 <sup>o</sup>C). According to the results, the whole body carcass samples transported at the pickup temperature had the highest mean total count (18.63×10<sup>6</sup>±2.82×10<sup>6</sup> cfu.ml-1) and was greater (P<0.05) than the standard limit (5×10<sup>6</sup>). On the other hand, the samples carried by the vehicle with switched off refrigerator had the lowest total count (0.65±0.04×10<sup>6</sup> cfu.ml-1). Similar results were obtained for <em>S. aureus</em>; accordingly, it reached the maximum (333.0±30.73 cfu.ml-1) at 18-24<sup> o</sup>C, which was lower than the national standard limit even after 4 h of transportation. In addition, the cfu values for the total count and <em>S. aureus</em> sampled from the chicken carcasses were lower than the national standard level even after 4 h of carcass transportation, with the exception of Salmonella spp. at the three vehicle temperatures and <em>E. coli</em> at the pickup temperature. It was suggested that the transportation temperature of less than 10-14 <sup>o</sup>C could not affect the fresh chicken carcass to be contaminated with <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116617_4b8313ec5cd83e4617786960268bcdb9.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Cloning of Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin Gene in Escherichia coliکلونینگ ژن یوتای کلستریدیوم پرفرینجنز در باکتری اشرشیا کلی10711111661810.22092/ari.2018.116618ENP. Seyed SayyahDepartment of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Urmia branch, Urmia, IranB. Golestani EimaniDepartment of Biology, Islamic Azad University,Urmia branch, Urmia, IranR. Pilehchian LangroudiSpecialized Clostridia reseach laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Alborz, Karaj, Iran.0000.0003.0143.0566Journal Article20170114Iota toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens type E. This toxin causes antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in lambs and calves. Iota toxin is a binary toxin that has two components including Ia (the enzyme component) and Ib (the binding component). Ib binds to the surface receptor of target cells and translocate Ia into the cytosol of cells. The aim of this study was to clone toxigenic epitope of iota a gene in E. coli strain Top10. In this study, the phenol–chloroform method was used for the extraction of the whole genomic DNA. The toxigenic epitope of iota a gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was ligated into the pTZ57R/T vector cloning site. Then, based on the TA-cloning method, the product was cloned in competent <em>E. coli</em> strain Top10. Colony PCR was used to screen bacterial colonies transformed with recombinant plasmids. The presence of 446-bp fragment on agarose gel showed that the toxigenic epitope of iota a gene of <em>C. perfringens</em> has been cloned in <em>E. coli</em> strain Top10.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116618_8ce10fad287fad3a72c56918cbc32058.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Effects of Essential Oils Combination on Sporulation of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Eimeria Oocystsتاثیر ترکیب اسانسهای روغنی بر اسپرولاسیون اووسیتهای آیمریای بوقلمون11312011654210.22092/ari.2017.109255.1102ENN. IsakakroudiDepartment of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranA. TalebiDepartment of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-6476-0488M. AllymehrDepartment of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0001-8656-0014M. TavassoliDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran0000-0002-0169-6041Journal Article20170120Avian coccidiosis is the most important parasitic disease in poultry production, which inflicts numerous losses to the industry. The extensive use of anticoccidial drugs leads to parasite resistance and drug residue in poultry products. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three famous essential oils (EOs) and their combination on inactivation of mixed oocysts of <em>Eimeria adenoides</em>, <em>Eimeria dispersa</em>, <em>Eimeria meleagrimitis</em>, and <em>Eimeria meleagridis</em>. The EOs of Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia sieberi, and Mentha pulegium were prepared. After inoculation of each turkey with 7×10<sup>5</sup> sporulated oocysts, fresh unsporulated oocysts were harvested from their feces. To evaluate the sporulation inhibition effect, 5×10<sup>4</sup> oocysts were used in each treatment. Each EO was used in increasing concentrations. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) was determined for each EO and they were blended in pairs based on IC<sub>50</sub> line. Our results showed that the IC<sub>50</sub> values for mentha, artemisia, and thyme were 22.92, 40.5, and 53.42 mg/ml, respectively. According to our results, artemisia and thyme combination has a synergistic effect, whereas the combination of a high concentration of mentha with a low concentration of thyme had an antagonistic effect. During this study, no interactions were observed between mentha and artemisia.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116542_f77421d0d8db72ad785ecaa9083f26f7.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601The Effect of Oral Administration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Quantitative and Qualitative Properties of Arabic Ram Sperm and Some Antioxidant Parameters of Seminal Plasma in the Non-Breeding Seasonتاثیر نانو ذرات اکسید روی خوراکی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی اسپرم و برخی شاخصهای آنتی اکسیدانی پلاسمای منی قوچ عربی در فصل غیر تولیدمثلی12112911662010.22092/ari.2018.120225.1187ENM.H. Abaspour AporvariDepartment of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, IranM. MamoeiDepartment of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, IranS. Tabatabaei VakiliDepartment of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, IranM. ZareeiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, IranN. Dadashpour DavachiDepartment of Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran0000-0001-9478-9775Journal Article20180112Zinc is an essential mineral and accepted as a trace element in the animal nutrition and for its role in biological enzymatic pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on some of the antioxidant parameters of semen plasma, quantitative and qualitative properties of Arabic ram sperm in the non-breeding season. Twelve adult Arabic rams (about 3-5 years old, 70 ±2.1 kg) were randomly assigned to receive one of the three levels of dietary ZnONPs (control; 0, group 1; 40 ppm and group 2; 80 ppm). Results showed that using different levels of ZnONPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of semen plasma significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). Motility (74.83%), viability (76.90%), semen volume (1.76 ml) and sperm concentration (1418×10<sup>6</sup>/ml) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ZnONPs supplemented groups compared with the control group. The sperm morphological abnormalities reduced significantly in treated groups (10.46 and 9.07%) compared with the control group (12.66%; P <0.05). Also, the results suggested that 80 ppm level of ZnONPs increased the functionality of sperm membrane (44.38%) compared with other groups (37 and 35.66%, respectively for groups 1 and control) (P<0.05). Based on the results, using 80 ppm level of ZnONPs lead to an improvement in the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (48.62 ml) and total antioxidant capacity of semen plasma (111.88 µg/ml) compared with other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion using 80 ppm level of ZnONPs had a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative properties of sperm and lead to a significant betterment in the activity of some antioxidant parameters of Arabic ram semen in the non-breeding season.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116620_2ad9082cc9446bafe337456db23f3ca8.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes among the Phylogroups of Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Calves and Chickens Affected by Colibacillosis in Tehran, Iranبررسی شیوع ژن های مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در فایلوگروه های اشریشیا کلی جداشده از موارد اسهال گوساله و کلی باسیلوز طیور در اطراف تهران با استفاده از تکنیک ریزآرایه DNA13113711650210.22092/ari.2018.116502ENH. StajiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0003-3406-7361A. TonelliIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Giuseppe Caporale, Department of Research and Development, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo TE, ItalyT. Zahraei SalehiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5665-5757A. MahdaviDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranE. ShahroozianDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranM. R. Salimi BejestaniDepartment of Veterinary ParasitologyS. Mehdizade MoodDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranM. KeywanlooDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranM. Ahmadi HamedaniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranH. Emadi ChashmiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranI. Ashrafi TamaiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IranE. Atefi TabarDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20161023<span>Antibiotic resistance occurs in the endogenous flora of exposed population in addition to pathogenic bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among 63 isolates of Escherichia coli of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) in diarrheic calves and poultry. According to the results, B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> were the most prevalent phylogroups of <em>E. coli</em> in calves and poultry carcasses, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 76% of the isolates, and 62% of the strains were multi-drug resistant. Antibiotic resistance in <em>E. coli</em> strains obtained from calves strains was significantly higher than those obtained from poultries. Additionally, the strains of B<sub>1</sub> and D phylogroups had the highest and lowest antimicrobial resistance, respectively. At least one encoding gene for integrone was detected in 23 strains (36.5%) and Class I integron had the highest prevalence. Accordingly, this study gave baseline information on the magnitude of the resistance problem and its genetic background in <em>E. coli</em> from domesticated animals of the Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the power of oligonucleotide array technology in the discrimination of different genotypes during a short time was confirmed in this study.</span>https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116502_53e0a6ab410f8a4cb5e452e8af262829.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae among Commercial Poultry in Khouzestan Province, Iranشناسایی مایکوپلاسما گالیسپتیکوم و مایکوپلاسما سینوویه در ماکیان صنعتی استان خوزستان، ایران13914611616410.22092/ari.2018.116164ENR. GhadimipourRazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute0000-0003-4568-5595D. GharibiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-3614-0254M. MayahiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20160715<em>Mycoplasmas</em> are important avian pathogens, which can cause both respiratory disease and synovitis in poultry that result in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of <em>Mycoplasma gallisepticum </em>and <em>Mycoplasma synoviae </em>infections among commercial poultry flocks in Khouzestan province, Iran, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Totally, 290 tracheal swab samples were collected from 19 broiler flocks and 4 layer-breeder flocks, with or without respiratory signs, in different areas of Khouzestan province within six months. The PCR tests were applied for the specific amplification of <em>16S rRNA</em> (185 bp) and <em>vlhA </em>(392 bp) genes. Out of 100 swab samples obtained from the layer-breeder flocks, 1 and 72 specimens were positive for <em>M.</em> <em>gallisepticum </em>and <em>M. synoviae</em>, respectively. In this regard, out of the 4 layer-breeder flocks, 1 (25%) and 4 (100%) flocks were positive for <em>M.</em> <em>gallisepticum </em>and <em>M. synoviae</em>, respectively. However, none of the studied broiler flocks were <em>M.</em> <em>gallisepticum- </em>or <em>M. synoviae-</em>positive. According to the results, the PCR technique could be concluded as a rapid method for the accurate identification of <em>M.</em> <em>gallisepticum </em>and<em> M. synoviae </em>infections in commercial poultry flocks. The results were indicative of the low prevalence of <em>M.</em> <em>gallisepticum </em>in the studied flocks in Khouzestan province. On the other hand, <em>M.</em> <em>synoviae</em> was widely distributed among layer-breeder flocks in this province.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116164_4c36558238a1fd8176180c3833b24342.pdfRazi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343973220180601Prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemoproteidae) and Trichomonas gallinae (Metamonada: Trichomonadidae) infections among pigeons (Columba livia) in West Azerbaijan Province, Iranشیوع آلودگی های هموپروتئوس کولومبه و تریکوموناس گالینه در کبوتر در استان آذربایجان غربی، ایران14715211661910.22092/ari.2018.116619ENK. AdinehbeigiDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranM. EbrahimiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran0000-0002-1595-2704M. Soltani EiniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranA. SamieiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20170225A cross-sectional survey was performed on domestic pigeons (<em>Columba liviadomestica</em>) to evaluate the prevalence of <em>Haemoproteus columbae</em> and <em>Trichomonas gallinae </em>in West Azerbaijan Province, northwest of Iran between July 2015 and September 2016. Five hundred and sixty oropharyngeal swab smears were examined, 297 (53%) of which were identified to be positive for <em>T. gallinae. </em>Also, the results obtained from blood smears examination indicated that 115 (20.5%) cases were found to be infected with <em>H. </em><em>columbae.</em> The rates of <em>T. gallinae</em> and <em>H. columbae </em>infection infemale pigeons (58.3% and 21.3%, respectively) were higher compared to those in males. There were 76 (26.1%) and 210 (72.4%) cases of <em>H. columbae</em> and <em>T. gallinae</em> infection in adolescent birds, respectively, which were higher than those in other age groups. We found high prevalence rates of <em>H. columbae</em> and <em>T. gallinae</em> infections in domestic pigeons. Therefore, more attention should be focused on controlling the spread of<em> T. gallinae</em> and <em>H. columbae</em> infection in domestic pigeons.https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116619_fd016f9dbe1d45be7765160a3ddbacba.pdf