ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Rapid Development and Early Success of Covid 19 Vaccines Have Raised Hopes for Accelerating the Cancer Treatment Mechanism
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about rapid change in medical science. The production of new generation vaccines for this disease has surprised even their most optimistic supporters. Not only have these vaccines proven to be effective, but the importance of this disease and pandemic situation also significantly shortened the long-standing process of validating such products. Vaccination is a type of immunotherapy. Researchers have long been looking at vaccines as a possible treatment for cancer (Geynisman et al., 2014). In the same way that vaccines work against infectious diseases, attempts are being made to develop vaccines to identify specific proteins on cancer cells. This helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. Cancer vaccines may help: I) Prevent the growth of cancer cells (Bialkowski et al., 2016), II) Prevent recurrence of cancer (Stanton and Disis, 2015), III) Destroy cancer cells left over from other treatments. The following types of cancer vaccines are being studied: Antigen Vaccines. These vaccines are made from specific proteins or antigens of cancerous cells. Their purpose is to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells (Tagliamonte et al., 2014). Whole-Cell Vaccines. A whole-cell vaccine uses the entire cancer cell, not just a specific molecule (antigen), to generate the vaccine. (Keenan and Jaffee, 2012).Dendritic Cell Vaccines. Dendritic cells help the immune system identify abnormal cells, such as cancerous cells. Dendritic cells are grown with cancer cells in the laboratory to produce the vaccine. The vaccine then stimulates the immune system to attack cancer. (Wang et al., 2014; Mastelic-Gavillet et al., 2019). DNA Vaccines. These vaccines are made from DNA fragments of cancer cells. They can be injected into the body to facilitate immune system cells can better respond and kill cancer cells (Gatti-Mays et al., 2017).Other Types of Cancer Vaccines. such as Anti idiotype vaccines. This vaccine stimulates the body to generate antibodies against cancerous cells. An example of an anti-idiotype antibody is Racotumomab or Vaxira (Cancer, 2016). However, conditions and considerations after Corona does not seem to be the same as before. The current pandemic situation has also led to major changes in the pharmaceutical and Vaccine production process and international protocols. Some of the most critical issues that can accelerate the introduction of cancer vaccines are: 1. Typical drug and vaccine development timeline. A typical vaccine needs 5 to 10 years and sometimes longer to design secure funding, and get approval (Figure 1). Less than 10 percent of new drugs, which are entered in the different phases of clinical trials, are advanced to approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)(Cancer, 2020a). However, now the situation is not normal. Dozens of Covid 19 vaccines are starting clinical trials. Some of them use RNA and DNA technology, which delivers the body with missions to produce its antibodies against the virus. There are already at least 254 therapies and 95 vaccines related to Covid-19 being explored. However, it seems that the experiences gained in this pandemic, and advances in technology, may be effective in shortening the production path of other vaccines and drugs and the process of its approval at the national and international levels in the future. In Figure 2, the time course of production of conventional vaccines in comparison with Covid 19 vaccines (Cancer, 2020b) is shown.2. The introduction of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology into the field of prevention and treatment. Over the past decades, this technology has been considered an excellent alternative to conventional vaccination methods. Proper potency and low side effects, the possibility of fast production and relatively low production cost are its advantages. However, until recently, the instability of this molecule has been a major problem in its application. This research was started many years ago by two companies that played a significant role in developing the first Covid vaccines, so BioNTech and Moderna were able to quickly transfer their experience in the field of Covid vaccine development (Pardi et al., 2018; Moderna, 2020). Figure 3 shows how mRNA vaccines work. Bout Pfizer – BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines were more than 90 % effective in preclinical stages. Millions of doses of these two vaccines are currently being injected into eligible individuals worldwide. 3. Considering the use of artificial intelligence in assessing the effectiveness of vaccines. There are always doubts about the effectiveness of the new drug in treating the disease. Once the vaccine is widely available, we will know more about its effectiveness versus it works under carefully controlled scientific testing conditions. Vaccines will continue to be monitored after use. The data collected helps professionals understand how they work in different groups of people (depending on factors such as age, ethnicity, and people with different health conditions) and also the length of protection provided by the vaccine. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field, which reaches everywhere and not only as a beneficial industrial tool but also as a practical tool in medical science and plays a crucial role in developing the computation vision, risk assessment, diagnostic, prognostic, etc. models in the field of medicine (Amisha et al., 2019). According to the wide range of AI applications in the analysis of different types of data, it can be used in vaccine production, safety assessments, clinical and preclinical studies and Covid 19 vaccines adverse reactions (CDC, 2019). Indeed, most cancer vaccines are therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, and seek to stimulate cell-mediated responses, such as those from CTLs, capable of clearing or reducing tumor burden. There are currently FDA-approved products for helping cancer treatment such as BREYANZI, TECARTUS and YESCARTA for lymphoma, IMLYGIC for melanoma, KYMRIAH for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and PROVENGE for prostate cancer. Over the past decade, most of BioNTech's activities have been in the field of cancer vaccine design and production for melanoma (two clinical trials), breast cancer (one clinical trial), and the rest concerning viral and veterinary vaccines (two clinical trials). Also Maderno company has been working on Individualized cancer vaccines (one clinical trials), and vaccines for viral infections such as Zika and Influenza and veterinary vaccines (several clinical trials) (Pardi et al., 2018). Therefore, it can be said, mRNA technology that has been the subject of much research into the treatment of cancer has been shifted and rapidly used to produce and use the Covid 19 vaccine. The current pandemic situation has necessitated the acceleration of Covid 19 vaccines and drugs and national and international protocols for their approval. If the currently produced vaccines can continue to be as successful as the preclinical and early phase studies, these changes and evolution have raised hopes for accelerating the use of these technologies and mechanisms in the field of cancer and other diseases vaccines, including HIV and influenza.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_123766_f8e96b49e6e804576d43a0afbe57718b.pdf
2021-03-01
1
6
10.22092/ari.2021.353761.1612
covid 19
Cancer
vaccine
S
Amanpour
amanpour.s@gmail.com
1
Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amisha, Malik, P., Pathania, M., Rathaur, V.K., 2019. Overview of artificial intelligence in medicine. J Family Med Prim Care 8, 2328-2331.
1
Bialkowski, L., van Weijnen, A., Van der Jeught, K., Renmans, D., Daszkiewicz, L., Heirman, C., et al., 2016. Intralymphatic mRNA vaccine induces CD8 T-cell responses that inhibit the growth of mucosally located tumours. Sci Rep 6, 22509.
2
CDC, 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/vsafe.html.
3
Covid 19 Vaccine and Cancer, 2020a. Science blog, Cancer Research UK. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/30/opinion/coronavirus-covid-vaccine.html.
4
Covid 19 Vaccine and Cancer, 2020b. https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2020/11/20/covid-19-vaccine-and-cancer-latest-updates.
5
Gatti-Mays, M.E., Redman, J.M., Collins, J.M., Bilusic, M., 2017. Cancer vaccines: Enhanced immunogenic modulation through therapeutic combinations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 13, 2561-2574.
6
Geynisman, D.M., Chien, C.R., Smieliauskas, F., Shen, C., Shih, Y.C., 2014. Economic evaluation of therapeutic cancer vaccines and immunotherapy: a systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 10, 3415-3424.
7
Immunotherapy with Racotumomab in Advanced Lung Cancer, 2016. https://www.deccanherald.com/business/moderna-pfizer-covid-19-vaccines-look-strong-here-s-how-they-stack-up-916498.html.
8
Keenan, B.P., Jaffee, E.M., 2012. Whole cell vaccines--past progress and future strategies. Semin Oncol 39, 276-286.
9
Mastelic-Gavillet, B., Balint, K., Boudousquie, C., Gannon, P.O., Kandalaft, L.E., 2019. Personalized Dendritic Cell Vaccines—Recent Breakthroughs and Encouraging Clinical Results. Front Immunol 10, 766.
10
Moderna, 2020. Pfizer Covid-19 vaccines look strong. https://www.deccanherald.com/business/moderna-pfizer-covid-19-vaccines-look-strong-here-s-how-they-stack-up-916498.html
11
Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Porter, F.W., Weissman, D., 2018. mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology. Nat Rev Drug Discov 17, 261-279.
12
Stanton, S.E., Disis, M.L., 2015. Designing vaccines to prevent breast cancer recurrence or invasive disease. Immunotherapy 7, 69-72.
13
Tagliamonte, M., Petrizzo, A., Tornesello, M.L.,
14
Buonaguro, F.M., Buonaguro, L., 2014. Antigen-specific vaccines for cancer treatment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 10, 3332-3346.
15
Wang, X., Zhao, H.Y., Zhang, F.C., Sun, Y., Xiong, Z.Y., Jiang, X.B., 2014. Dendritic cell-based vaccine for the treatment of malignant glioma: a systematic review. Cancer Invest 32, 451-457.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation and Comparison of Clostridium Epsilon-Alpha Fusion Gene Expression Using Different Commercial Expression Vector
Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum are gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming rods and pathogens for humans and livestock, which are widespread in nature as well as human and animal digestive systems. C. perfringens produces numerous different exoproteins, which are various systems of action. The major C. perfringens toxins include alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota. C. perfringens are classified into five groups (A-E) on the basis of the production of these lethal toxins. Furthermore, toxins secreted from C. septicum include alpha, beta, delta, and gamma. Epsilon and alpha toxins of C. perfringens and C. septicum are the major causes of enterotoxemia and braxy in sheep and goats, respectively. The production of recombinant immunogenic proteins of these bacteria using suitable expression vectors and expression prokaryotic hosts can be a convenient method for the reduction of the costs and production time of clostridial anaerobic vaccines. In the present study, recombinant Escherichia coli strain TOP10 containing pJETεα was used for the evaluation of C. perfringens type D and C. septicum epsilon-alpha fusion protein using different commercial vectors. After the extraction of pJETεα from the recombinant cell, it was digested by NdeI and XhoI restriction enzymes and subcloned into pET22b (+), pET26b (+), and pGEM-B1 expression vectors in E. coli/Rosetta and E. coli/BL21 (DE3). The expression of recombinant fusion toxin was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting in three different temperatures, various isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) gradients, and different times using pGEMεα, pET22εα, and pET26εα vectors in E. coli/Rosetta and E. coli/BL21 (DE3). According to the obtained results, recombinant E. coli/Rosetta/pET22εα showed better expression at a temperature of 37°C after 6 h of induction by IPTG.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121509_6851df8530ca9c9c975661c19a10b02d.pdf
2021-03-01
7
16
10.22092/ari.2019.126604.1349
C. perfringens
C. septicum
epsilon-alpha
Fusion protein
Expression
H. R
Sepehrifar
hamidrezasepehrifar@gmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
R
Pilehchian Langroudi
langgroudi@gmail.com
2
Clostridia Specialized Research Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S
Ataei
ataei111@hotmail.com
3
Department of Avian Bacterial Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Haddadi
haddadi@kiau.ac.ir
4
Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Alves, G.G., de Ávila, R.A.M., Chávez-Olórtegui, C.D., Lobato, F.C.F., 2014. Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: the third most potent bacterial toxin known. Anaerobe 30, 102-107.
1
Bai, J.-N., Zhang, Y., Zhao, B.-H., 2006. Cloning of α-β fusion gene from Clostridium perfringens and its expression. World J Gastroenterol: WJG 12, 1229.
2
Bakhshi, F., Langroudi, R.P., Eimani, B.G., 2016. Enhanced expression of recombinant beta toxin of Clostridium perfringens type B using a commercially available Escherichia coli strain. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 83, 1-4.
3
Cordoba, M., Aranda, E., Medina, L., Jordano, R., Cordoba, J., 2001. Differentiation of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum from non‐toxigenic clostridia, isolated from prepared and frozen foods by PCR‐DAN based methods. Food/Nahrung 45, 125-128.
4
Dertzbaugh, M.T., 1998. Genetically engineered vaccines: an overview. Plasmid 39, 100-113.
5
Ferreira, M.R.A., Moreira, G.M.S., Cunha, C.E.P.d., Mendonça, M., Salvarani, F.M., Moreira, Â.N., et al., 2016. Recombinant alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins of Clostridium perfringens: Production strategies and applications as veterinary vaccines. Toxins 8, 340.
6
Goswami, P., Rupa, P., Prihar, N., Garg, L.C., 1996. Molecular Cloning ofClostridium perfringensEpsilon-Toxin Gene and Its High Level Expression inE. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 226, 735-740.
7
Hatheway, C.L., 1990. Toxigenic clostridia. Clin Microbiol Rev 3, 66-98.
8
Kamalirousta, M., Pilehchian, R., Development of a New Bifunctional Fusion Protein of Vaccine Strains Clostridium perfringens Type D and Clostridium septicum Epsilon-alpha Toxin Genes.
9
Kennedy, C.L., Krejany, E.O., Young, L.F., O'connor, J.R., Awad, M.M., Boyd, R.L., et al., 2005. The α‐toxin of Clostridium septicum is essential for virulence. Mol. Microbiol 57, 1357-1366.
10
Knapp, O., Maier, E., Mkaddem, S.B., Benz, R., Bens, M., Chenal, A., et al., 2010. Clostridium septicum alpha-toxin forms pores and induces rapid cell necrosis. Toxicon 55, 61-72.
11
Knight, P., Queminet, J., Blanchard, J., Tilleray, J., 1990. In vitro tests for the measurement of clostridial toxins, toxoids and antisera: II. Titration of clostridium perfringens toxins and antitoxins in cell culture. Biologicals 18, 263-270.
12
Langroudi, R.P., 2015. Rare Codons Optimizer Host Strain of E. coli Improves Expression of Clostridium septicum Alpha Toxin Gene. Br Microbiol Res J 10.
13
Langroudi, R.P., Shamsara, M., Aghaiypour, K., 2013. Expression of Clostridium perfringens epsilon-beta fusion toxin gene in E. coli and its immunologic studies in mouse. Vaccine 31, 3295-3299.
14
Li, J., Adams, V., Bannam, T.L., Miyamoto, K., Garcia, J.P., Uzal, F.A., et al., 2013. Toxin plasmids of Clostridium perfringens. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 77, 208-233.
15
Mainil, J., 2006. Genus Clostridium-Clostridia in medical, veterinary and food microbiology: Diagnosis and typing.
16
McDonel, J.L., 1980. Clostridium perfringens toxins (type a, b, c, d, e). Pharmacol Therapeut 10, 617-655.
17
Nilsson, J., Ståhl, S., Lundeberg, J., Uhlén, M., Nygren, P.-å., 1997. Affinity fusion strategies for detection, purification, and immobilization of recombinant proteins. Protein Expr Purif 11, 1-16.
18
Pilehchian Langroudi, R., 2015. Isolation, specification, molecular biology assessment and vaccine development of Clostridium in Iran: a review. Int J Enteric Pathog 3, 1-7.
19
Pilehchian Langroudi, R., Aghaei, P.K., Shamsara, M., Jabbari, A., Habibi, G., Goudarzi, H., et al., 2011. Fusion of Clostridium perfringens type D and B epsilon and beta toxin genes and it’s cloning in E. coli. Arch Razi Inst 66, 1-10.
20
Popoff, M.R., 2011. Epsilon toxin: a fascinating pore‐forming toxin. The FEBS J 278, 4602-4615.
21
Popoff, M.R., Bouvet, P., 2009. Clostridial toxins. Future microbiol 4, 1021-1064.
22
Rood, J.I., Adams, V., Lacey, J., Lyras, D., McClane, B.A., Melville, S.B., et al., 2018. Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme. Anaerobe 53, 5-10.
23
Rood, J.I., Cole, S.T., 1991. Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of Clostridium perfringens. Microbiol Rev 55, 621-648.
24
Rosano, G.L., Ceccarelli, E.A., 2014. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 5, 172.
25
Sayeed, S., Li, J., McClane, B.A., 2007. Virulence plasmid diversity in Clostridium perfringens type D isolates. Infect Immun 75, 2391-2398.
26
Songer, J.G., 1996. Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals. Clin Microbiol Rev 9, 216.
27
Steen, R., Dahlberg, A., Lade, B., Studier, F., Dunn, J., 1986. T7 RNA polymerase directed expression of the Escherichia coli rrnB operon. The EMBO J 5, 1099-1103.
28
Uzal, F., Vidal, J., McClane, B., Gurjar, A., 2010. Clostridium perfringens toxins involved in mammalian veterinary diseases. Open Toxinology J 2, 24.
29
Uzal, F.A., Freedman, J.C., Shrestha, A., Theoret, J.R., Garcia, J., Awad, M.M., et al., 2014. Towards an understanding of the role of Clostridium perfringens toxins in human and animal disease. Future Microbiol 9, 361-377.
30
Zeng, J., Deng, G., Wang, J., Zhou, J., Liu, X., Xie, Q., et al., 2011. Potential protective immunogenicity of recombinant Clostridium perfringens α–β2–β1 fusion toxin in mice, sows and cows. Vaccine 29, 5459-5466.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Outbreak Investigation of Officially Reported and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N8 Subtype) in Iran During 2016
On 14 November 2016, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPA) was reported from a commercial layer farm located in Malard, Tehran Province, Iran. This study aimed to investigate the HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in Iran. The questionnaire was prepared and completed through interviews with farm owners or field observations at the time of disease onset from November 2016 to February 2017. The HPAI H5N8 infection was confirmed in 30 different locations including 10 villages (33.3%), nine-layer farms (33%), two broiler breeder farms (6.67%), one layer breeder farm (3.3%), one turkey farm (3.3%), one partridge farm (3.3%), five national parks (16.7%), and one wetland (3.3%) in 12 provinces of Iran. The cumulative incidence rates of disease in villages, layer farms, broiler breeder farms, layer breeder farms, partridge farms, and turkey farms were 0.02%, 0.87%, 0.55%, 6.25%, 7.14%, and 0.69%, respectively. The findings reflect that among the investigated variables at infected locations, new birds entering the home in villages, live bird markets, inappropriate biosecurity conditions, transporting manure during the breeding period, close proximity of a common road to infected farms, and poultry movement inside (pullet) and outside were the most frequently observed possible risk factors for these outbreaks. In conclusion, attention should be focused on the study of the dynamics and movements of domestic poultry, investigation and modification of the structure of industrial poultry farms, training for all related people, enhancement of passive surveillance, an increase in biosecurity, raising the awareness of the authorities on the importance of the infection, and provision of the required credits and facilities.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121531_3bfe775be8728ae0d670c149694697d7.pdf
2021-03-01
17
29
10.22092/ari.2019.124904.1291
HPAI H5N8
Iran
outbreak investigation
M. H
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
1
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F
Tehrani
farshad43@gmail.com
2
Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Shoushtari
hamid1342ir@yahoo.com
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A. R
Bahonar
abahonar@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H
Rabiee
rabiee.hasan@yahoo.com
5
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
6
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A
Ghafouri
saghafouri@yahoo.com
7
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
S
Amirhajloo
amir.hajlous@ivo.ir
8
Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H.R., Mohammadnia Afruzi, S., Taghani, R.A., Saadat Akhtar, A., 2014. Review the ptoduction process of protein products in the country in four decades (1974 to2013). Center for Information and Communication Technology, Tehran.
1
Bertran, K., Lee, D.-H., Balzli, C., Pantin-Jackwood, M.J., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., 2016. Age is not a determinant factor in susceptibility of broilers to H5N2 clade 2.3.4.4 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Vet Res 47, 116.
2
BirdLife International, 2017. Country profile: Iran, Islamic Republic of. Available from http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/country/iran. Checked: 2017-12-19
3
Capua, I., Marangon, S., 2000. The avian influenza epidemic in Italy, 1999—2000: A review. Avian Pathol 29, 289-294.
4
Ebadzadeh, H.R., Ahmadi, K., Mohammadnia Afruzi, S., Taghani, R.A., Abbasi, M., Yari, S., 2017. Agriculcural statistics. Tehran.
5
Ebadzadeh, H.R., Ahmadi, K., Mohammadnia Afruzi, S., Taghani, R.A., Moradi Eslami, A., Yari, S.M.A., 2015. Agricultural statistics. Center for Information and Communication Technology, Tehran, pp. 99-160.
6
EC, 2006. COMMISSION DECISION. of 14 June 2006. Concerning certain transitional measures in relation to highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry or other captive birds in the Community. Off J Eur Union 164.
7
EC, 2010. Commission decision 2011/367/EU of 25 June 2010 on the implementation by member states of surveillance programs for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds. Off J Eur Union L 166, 7. (accessed 01.07.10.).
8
Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Bahonar, A.R., Vasfi Marandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Tehrani, F., Salman, M.D., 2016. Sero-survey of Avian Influenza in backyard poultry and wild bird species in Iran-2014. Prev Vet Med 128, 1–5.
9
FAO, 2016. H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of clade 2.3.4.4 detected through surveillance of wild migratory birds in the Tyva Republic, the Russian Federation – potential for international spread.Rome: [Accessed 11 Nov 2016]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6113e.pdf. EMPRES Watch 35.
10
FAO, 2017. H5N8 HPAI GLOBAL situation update.11 October 2017, 18:00 hours. Rome.
11
Farsad, A.S., Malekzadeh-Shafaroudi, S., Moshtaghi, N., Fotouhi, F., Zibaee, S., 2016. Expression of HA1 antigen of H5N1 influenza virus as a potent candidate for vaccine in bacterial system. Iran J Vet Res 17, 237-242.
12
Ghafouri, S.A., GhalyanchiLangeroudi, A., Maghsoudloo, H., Kh Farahani, R., Abdollahi, H., Tehrani, F., et al., 2017. Clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A (H5N8) outbreak in commercial poultry, Iran, 2016: the first report and update data. Trop Anim Health Pro 49, 1089-1093.
13
Hosseinpour, R., Ahmadi, K., Ebadzadeh, H.R., Mohammadnia Afruzi, S., Taghani, R.A., 2014. Export and import of agricultural sector. Center for Information and Communication Technology, Tehran.
14
Kung, N.Y., Morris, R.S., Perkins, N.R., Sims, L.D., Ellis, T.M., Bissett, L., et al., 2007. Risk for infection with highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H5N1) in chickens, Hong Kong, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 13, 412-418.
15
Mannelli, A., Ferre, N., Marangon, S., 2006. Analysis of the 1999-2000 highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N1) epidemic in the main poultry-production area in northern Italy. Prev Vet Med 73, 273-285.
16
McQuiston, J.H., Garber, L.P., Porter-Spalding, B.A., Hahn, J.W., Pierson, F.W., Wainwright, S.H., et al., 2005. Evaluation of risk factors for the spread of low pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza virus among commercial poultry farms. J Am Vet Med Assoc 226, 767-772.
17
Monne, I., Ormelli, S., Salviato, A., De Battisti, C., Bettini, F., Salomoni, A., et al., 2008. Development and Validation of a One-Step Real-Time PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Subtype H5, H7, and H9 Avian Influenza Viruses. J Clin Microbiol 46, 1769-1773.
18
Nourani, E., Kaboli, M., Collen, B.E.N., 2014. An assessment of threats to Anatidae in Iran. Bird Conserv Int 25, 242-257.
19
OIE, 2017a. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.Chapter 2.3.14. Newcastle disease (infection with Newcastle disease virus) (NB: Version adopted in May 2012).
20
OIE, 2017b. Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (type H5 and H7) [Internet]. Avialable at:http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/temp/reports/en_fup_0000023659_20170505_133144.pdf.
21
Pavade, G., Awada, L., Hamilton, K., Swayne, D.E., 2011. The influence of economic indicators, poultry density and the performance of veterinary services on the control of high-pathogenicity avian influenza in poultry. Rev Sci Tech 30, 661-671.
22
Swayne, John R., G., Larry R., M., Lisa K., N., David L., S., Venugopal, N., 2013. Diseases of Poultry, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Iowa 50010, USA.
23
Thanawat, T., Prasit, C., Thaweesak, S., Arunee, C., Wirongrong, H., Chantanee, B., et al., 2005. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1, Thailand, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis J 11, 1664-1672.
24
Thomas, M.E., Bouma, A., Ekker, H.M., Fonken, A.J., Stegeman, J.A., Nielen, M., 2005. Risk factors for the
25
introduction of high pathogenicity Avian Influenza virus into poultry farms during the epidemic in the Netherlands in 2003. Prev Vet Med 69, 1-11.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Chickens in Iran
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting many species of birds that can spread fast between poultry houses and cause a heavy economic burden on the poultry industry all around the world. Fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein are important in the pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The HN protein is a critical viral protein with multiple functions and plays a key role in the formation of the virulence of NDV. Head of HN protein is responsible for receptor binding, neuraminidase activity. This study aimed to investigate the sequence homology of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of two NDV isolates sampled from infected farms in Iran. The samples were collected from flocks that had been vaccinated by both types of live and killed vaccines for NDV. After isolation of NDV, the viruses were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using two pairs of specific primers designed for the HN gene to amplify the complete HN gene (1730bp). Afterward, the PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic tree construction software. Based on the analysis, substantial sequence homology among Iranian isolates is within the range of 97.1-100%. Moreover, the sequence homology searching revealed a level of similarity between HN sequences of Iranian isolates and the HN sequences from other countries, particularly Asian ones. For instance, a high homology ratio (95.34%) was found between Iranian isolates and the sequences registered on online molecular databases from China. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the NDV isolates belong to the VIId genotype. Finally, it can be concluded that monitoring the circulation of NDVs among poultry and other birds can help to obtain an insight into the evolution of NDVs and control of panzootic viruses in the future.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121541_b2aa9fe5979ab031227bc78ad5dabef4.pdf
2021-03-01
31
39
10.22092/ari.2019.124844.1289
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
Iran
Newcastle disease virus
Phylogenetic tree
M. H
Kiani
hadi_kiani_vet@yahoo.com
1
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H
Bozorgmehrifard
mhbfard@yahoo.com
2
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H
Hosseini
hosseini.ho@gmail.com
3
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
AUTHOR
S
Charkhkar
charkhkar1@yahoo.com
4
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
5
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi, E., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Ahmadi, M., Talebi, A., 2014. Pathotypic characterization of the Newcastle disease virus isolated from commercial poultry in northwest Iran. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 38, 383-387.
1
Cao, Y., Gu, M., Zhang, X., Liu, W., Liu, X., 2013. Complete Genome Sequences of Two Newcastle Disease Virus Strains of Genotype VIII. Genome Announc 1.
2
Diel, D.G., da Silva, L.H., Liu, H., Wang, Z., Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., 2012. Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. MEEGID 12, 1770-1779.
3
Ebrahimi, M.M., Shahsavandi, S., Moazenijula, G.,
4
Shamsara, M., 2012. Phylogeny and evolution of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Asia during 2008–2011. Virus Genes 45, 63-68.
5
Esmaelizad, M., Ashtiani, M.P., NIARAKI, S.J., Hashemnejad, K., 2012. Identification of 23 specific nucleotide patterns in the HN gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iran. Turk J Biol 36, 135-142.
6
Firouzamandi, M., Moeini, H., Hosseini, D., Bejo, M.H., Omar, A.R., Mehrbod, P., et al., 2016. Improved immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus inactivated vaccine following DNA vaccination using Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein genes. J Vet Sci 17, 21-26.
7
Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Hosseini, H., Jabbarifakhr, M., Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Najafi, H., Ghafouri, S.A., et al., 2018. Emergence of a virulent genotype VIIi of Newcastle disease virus in Iran. Avian Pathol 47, 509-519.
8
Hosseini, H., Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi, A., Torabi, R., 2014. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Study of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in Iran, 2010-2012. Avian Dis 3, 373-376.
9
Hu, S., Wang, T., Liu, Y., Meng, C., Wang, X., Wu, Y., et al., 2010. Identification of a variable epitope on the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein. Vet Microbiol 140, 92-97.
10
Kiani, M.H., Bozorgmehrifard, M.H., Hosseini, H., Charkhkar, S., Ghalyanchi, A., 2016. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Study of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in Iran, 2014–2015. Iran J Virol 10, 53-57.
11
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Tamura, K., 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33, 1870-1874.
12
Manual, O.T., 2018. Newcaslte Disease.
13
Mehrabanpour, M.J., Khoobyar, S., Rahimian, A., Nazari, M.B., Keshtkar, M.R., 2014. Phylogenetic characterization of the fusion genes of the Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Fars province poultry farms during 2009-2011. Veterinary research forum: an international quarterly journal. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, p. 187.
14
Munir, M., Cortey, M., Abbas, M., Afzal, F., Shabbir, M.Z., Khan, M.T., et al., 2012. Biological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a novel genetic group of Newcastle disease virus isolated from outbreaks in commercial poultry and from backyard poultry flocks in Pakistan. Infect Genet Evol 12, 1010-1019.
15
Offeddu, V., Cowling, B.J., Peiris, J.M., 2016. Interventions in live poultry markets for the control of avian influenza: a systematic review. One Health 2, 55-64.
16
OIE, M., 2018. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Paris: Office International Des Epizooties.
17
Otim, M.O., Christensen, H., Jørgensen, P.H., Handberg, K.J., Bisgaard, M., 2004. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Newcastle disease virus isolates from recent outbreaks in eastern Uganda. J Clin Microbiol 42, 2802-2805.
18
Sabouri, F., Vasfi Marandi, M., Bashashati, M., 2018. Characterization of a novel VIIl sub-genotype of Newcastle disease virus circulating in Iran. Avian Pathol 47, 90-99.
19
Samadi, S., Kianizadeh, M., Najafi, M.F., Nasab, S.D.M., Davatgar, A.M.H., Royaee, A., et al., 2014. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolates in Iran. Virus Genes 48, 290-295.
20
Shahriari, A.G., Bagheri, A., Bassami, M.R., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, S., Afsharifar, A.R., 2015. Cloning and expression of fusion (f) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) epitopes in hairy roots of tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum) as a step toward developing a candidate recombinant vaccine against newcastle disease. J Cell Mol Res 7, 11-18.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence Determination of m. Hominis and m. Genitalium in the Semen Samples in the Northeast of Iran Using Culture and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Infertility has recently become a growing social and economic world problem. Genital mycoplasmas, such as Mycoplasma hominis and M. genitalium, are most frequently associated with several adverse effects on men’s fertility. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of M. hominis and M. genitalium in the semen samples in thenortheast of Iran. During thiscross-sectional study from February to May, 2018, 100 semen samples were collected from 100 infertile men in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi province, northeast of Iran. The presence of M. hominis and M. genitalium was detected by cultivation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Multiplex PCR assays. The colony of mycoplasma was confirmed by Diene’s stain; moreover, arginine hydrolysis, glucose, and urea utilization were evaluated. The following semen indices were analyzed according to World Health Organization guidelines for semen analysis: color, volume, appearance, liquefaction, viscosity, concentration, pH, leukocyte concentration, progressive motility, morphological normality, motile sperm concentration, functional sperm concentration, sperm motility index, and functional sperm. The gene of 16SrRNA (GPO1& MGSO primers) was used as the target gene of the Mycoplasma genus in PCR assay. Multiplex-PCR was performed with a specific primer for conserved regions in the 16SrRNA gene for M. hominis (RNAH1& RNAH2 primers) and the 140-kDa Adhesion Protein Gene for M. genitalium (MG1 & MG2 primers).According to the results,9 (9%) samples were PCR-positive for Mycoplasma spp , while there were 7 (7%) cases isolated by cultivation. M. hominis was detected in 8 (8%) samples by Multiplex PCR, while there was no evidence for M. genitalium. The mean age scores of all infertile and infected men were obtained at 31 and 30 years, respectively. The study could not show any statistical correlation between mycoplasma infection and abnormal semen parameters. The heterogeneity of mycoplasma prevalence in the reports can be ascribed to differences in geographic areas, the sensitivity of the identification method, condition of the group (fertile/infertile), sample size, and operator proficiency. Various results have been reported in numerous studies conducted on the relationship between mycoplasma infection and abnormal semen parameters.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121560_66e443873783094e900bad2029f1bcf0.pdf
2021-03-01
41
49
10.22092/ari.2019.125966.1338
Infertility
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Semen
multiplex-PCR
Kh
Moridi
moridikh921@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
K
Ghazvini
ghazvinik@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Hemmati
hemmaty.m@gmail.com
3
Salim Immune Product Co., No.52, Sanabad 44, Sanabad St., Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H
Hoseiniun
hamedho10@yahoo.com
4
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Torkaman
piter.showan@gmail.com
5
Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
6
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abusarah, E., Awwad, Z., Charvalos, E., Shehabi, A., 2013. Molecular detection of potential sexually transmitted pathogens in semen and urine specimens of infertile and fertile males. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 77, 283-286.
1
Ahmadi, M., Amirmozafari, N., Kazemi, B., Gilani, M., Jazi, F., 2010. Use of PCR to detect Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from Semen samples of infertile men who referred to royan institute in 2009. Yakhteh Med J 12, 371-380.
2
Al-Sweih, N., Al-Fadli, A., Omu, A., Rotimi, V., 2012. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections and seminal quality in infertile and fertile men in Kuwait. J Androl 33, 1323-1329.
3
Asgari, A., Nazari, R., Mohammad, S., Razavian, H., 2018. Investigation of Frequency of Mycoplasma hominis and Biological Parameters in Semen Sample of Men Referred to Qom Jihad Daneshgahi Infertility Treatment Center in 2016. Qom Univ Med Sci J 12, 81-88.
4
Bahaabadi, S.J., Moghadam, N.M., Kheirkhah, B., Farsinejad, A., Habibzadeh, V., 2014. Isolation and molecular identification of Mycoplasma hominis in infertile female and male reproductive system. Nephrourol Mon 6, e22390.
5
Baseman, J., Cagle, M., Korte, J., Herrera, C., Rasmussen, W., Baseman, J., et al., 2004. Diagnostic Assessment of Mycoplasma genitalium in Culture-Positive Women. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 203-211.
6
Borght, C., 2018. Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. ELSEVIER 62, 2-10.
7
Direkvand-Moghadam, A., Delpisheh, A., Khosravi, A., 2013. Epidemiology of female infertility; a review of literature. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 10, 559-567.
8
Gdoura, R., Kchaou, W., Chaari, C., Znazen, A., Keskes, L., Rebai, T., et al., 2007. Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium infections and semen quality of infertile men. BMC Infect Dis 7, 129.
9
Golshani, M., Eslami, G., Ghobadloo, S.M., Fallah, F., Goudarzi, H., Rahbar, A.S., et al., 2007. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by multiplex PCR in Semen sample of infertile men. Iran J Public Health 36, 50-57.
10
Horner, P., Gilroy, C., Thomas, B., Naidoo, R., Taylor-Robinson, D., 1993. Association of Mycoplasma genitalium with acute non-gonococcal urethritis Lancet (London, England) [Internet], pp. 582-585.
11
Jensen, J., Cusini, M., Gomberg, M., Moi, H., 2016. 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol 30, 1650-1656.
12
Jensen, J., Hansen, H., Seruminstitut, S., 1996. S D-C Strains from the Male Urethra. Microbiology 34, 286-291.
13
Jensen, J., Orsum, R., Dohn, B., Uldum, S., Worm, M., Lind, K., 1993. Mycoplasma genitalium: a cause of male urethritis? . Genitourin Med 69, 265-269.
14
Kong, F., James, G., Gordon, S., Gilbert, G., Zelynski, A., 2001. Species-Specific PCR for Identification of Common Contaminant Mollicutes in Cell Culture Species-Specific PCR for Identification of Common Contaminant Mollicutes in Cell Culture. Appl Environ Microbiol. 67, 3195-3200.
15
Korte, J., Baseman, J., Cagle, M., Herrera, C., Piper, J., Holden, A., et al., 2006. Cervicitis and genitourinary symptoms in women culture positive for Mycoplasma genitalium. Am J Reprod Immunol 55, 265-275.
16
Lee, J.S., Kim, K.T., Lee, H.S., Yang, K.M., Seo, J.T., Choe, J.H., 2013. Concordance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile couples: impact on semen parameters. Urology 81, 1219-1224.
17
Liu, J., Wang, Q., Ji, X., Guo, S., Dai, Y., Zhang, Z., et al., 2014. Prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis, chlamydia trachomatis infections, and semen quality in infertile and fertile men in China. Urology 83, 795-799.
18
Moghadam, N., Kheirkhah, B., Mirshekari, T., Harandi, F., Tafsiri, E., 2014. Isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma genitalium from the secretion of genital tract in infertile male and female. Iran J Reprod Med 12, 601-608.
19
Moghaddam, H., Kheirkhah, B., Amirheidari, B., 2015. A Comparison between the Molecular Identity of Mycoplasma Hominis in Urine Samples of Patients with Urinary Tract Infections and Similar Strains Available in GenBank. J Babol Univ Med Sci 17, 67-73.
20
Moretti, E., Capitani, S., Figura, N., Pammolli, A., Federico, M., Giannerini, V., et al., 2009. The presence of bacteria species in semen and sperm quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 26, 47-56.
21
Ona, S., Molina, R.L., Diouf, K., 2016. Mycoplasma genitalium: an overlooked sexually transmitted pathogen in women? Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology 2016, 4513089.
22
Organisation, W.H., 1999. WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction, Cambridge University press.
23
Rahbar, A.S., Golshani, M., Fayyaz, F., Tabatabaei, S.R., 2007. Detection of Mycoplasma DNA from the sperm specimens of infertile men by PCR. Iran J Med Microbiol 1, 47-53.
24
Razin, S., Tully, J., 1995. Molecular and Diagnostic Procedure s in Mycoplasmology, Academic Press Inc.
25
Sabo, M., Reno, H., Presti, R., Stoner, B., 2013. Expanded Extragenital Testing For Neisseria Gonorrhoeae and Chlamidia Trachomatis Identifies High Rates of Asymptomatic Infection in Persons Living with HIV. Sex Transm Infect. 89, 191-198.
26
Safavifar, F., Bandehpour, M., Hosseiny, S., Khorramizadeh, M., 2015. Mycoplasma Infection in Pyospermic Infertile and Healthy Fertile Men. Nov biomed 3, 25-29.
27
Stellrecht, K., Woron, A., Mishrik, N., Venezia, R., 2004. Comparison of Multiplex PCR Assay with Culture for Detection of Genital Mycoplasmas. J Clin Microbiol 42, 1528-1533.
28
Stojanov, M., Baud, D., Greub, G., Vulliemoz, N., 2018. Male infertility: the intracellular bacterial hypothesis. New Microbes New Infect 26, 37-41.
29
Svenstrup, H., Fedder, J., Abraham-Peskir, J., Birkelund, S., Christiansen, G., 2003. Mycoplasma genitalium attaches to human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 18, 2103-2109.
30
Tabatabaei-Qomi, R., Sheykh-Hasan, M., Fazaely, H., Kalhor, N., Ghiasi, M., 2014. Development of a PCR assay to detect mycoplasma contamination in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Iran J Microbiol 6, 281-284.
31
Taken, K., 2016. Prevalence of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma in Infertile Men in Van Region and Effects to Semen Parameters. J Clin Anal Med 7, 4-7.
32
Tsai, C.-C., Li, C.-C., 2013 Nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis in men. Urol Sci 24, 73-77.
33
Vosooghi, S., Kheirkhah, B., Mir-shekari, T.-R., Nik, A.K., Hamidavi, S.M., Moghadam, N.M., 2013. Molecular detection of Mycoplasma hominis from genital secretions of infertile men referred to the Kerman infertility center. J Microb World 6, 14-22.
34
Yoshida, T., Maeda, S.-I., Deguchi, T., Ishiko, H., 2002. Phylogeny-based rapid identification of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas from urethritis patients. J Clin Microbiol 40, 105-110.
35
Zinzendorf, N., Kouassi-Agbessi, B., Lathro, J., c, D., koudio, l., Guillaume, L., 2008 Ureaplasma Urealyticum or Mycoplasma Hominis Infections and Semen Quality of Infertile Men in Abidjan. J Reprod Contracept 19, 65-72.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of Main Brucella species Implicated in Ovine and Caprine Abortion Cases by Molecular and Classical Methods
Brucellosis is recognized as a major public health concern leading to critical economic losses in livestock animals. The present study assessed Brucella spp. isolated from aborted ovine and caprine fetuses in different parts of Iran between 2016 and 2019. It used classic and molecular methods in order to determine the Brucella species carrying higher risks of abortion complications in these animals. A total of 189 samples from 35 cases/case series from milk (16 sheep, and 8 goats), 19 abomasum content (sheep), and 146 aborted fetuses (116 sheep, and 30 goats) were bacteriologically examined. Subsequently, the resultant Brucella isolates were further characterized by phenotypic and molecular approaches. The multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Bruce-ladder) and IS711-based PCR were performed on all the extracted DNA to evaluate the presence of Brucella spp. As suggested by the obtained results, all recovered isolates from ovine and caprine abortion samples were either B. melitensis or B. abortus. An issue of concern was the implication of B. melitensis vaccine strain Rev1 in a small portion of sheep and goat abortion cases. Despite the recent B. abortus burden in ovine, aborted cases were predominantly associated with B. melitensis infections in both ovine and caprine, and B. melitensis biovar 1 was responsible for the majority of studied cases. These data and the techniques implemented in the present study can shed light on the level of implication of different Brucella species in ovine and caprine abortion in Iran. The present study identified Brucella agents responsible for abortion in small ruminants at the biovar level. Therefore, it provides precious information for future control programs and vaccination strategies in Middle Eastern regions.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121565_4d9ac2773286a74c0acfc6f6d916ff38.pdf
2021-03-01
51
60
10.22092/ari.2019.128003.1398
ovine and caprine abortion
B. melitensis
B. abortus
B. melitensis vaccine strain Rev1
M
Dadar
dadar.m77@gmail.com
1
Brucellosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
S
Alamian
s.alamian@rvsri.ac.ir
2
Brucellosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alamian, S., Dadar, M., 2019. Brucella abortus contamination of camel milk in two Iranian regions. Prev Vet Med 169, 104708.
1
Alton, G., Jones, L., Angus, R., Verger, J., 1988. Techniques for the Brucellosis laboratory. Paris: Institute National de la Recherdie Agrononique.
2
Ashrafganjooyi, S., Saedadeli, N., Alamian, S., Khalili, M., Shirazi, Z., 2017. Isolation and biotyping of Brucella spp. from sheep and goats raw milk in southeastern Iran. Trop Biomed 34, 507-511.
3
Banai, M., 2002. Control of small ruminant brucellosis by use of Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccine: laboratory aspects and field observations. Vet Microbiol 90, 497-519.
4
Banai, M., Mayer, I., Cohen, A., 1990. Isolation, identification, and characterization in Israel of Brucella melitensis biovar 1 atypical strains susceptible to dyes and penicillin, indicating the evolution of a new variant. J Clin Microbiol 28, 1057-1059.
5
Behroozikhah, A.M., Bagheri Nejad, R., Amiri, K., Bahonar, A.R., 2012. Identification at biovar level of Brucella isolates causing abortion in small ruminants of Iran. Journal of pathogens 2012, 357235.
6
Blasco, J.M., Molina-Flores, B., 2011. Control and eradication of Brucella melitensis infection in sheep and goats. Vet Clin: Food Anim Practice 27, 95-104.
7
Bricker, B.J., Halling, S.M., 1994. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis bv. 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 32, 2660-2666.
8
Bricker, B.J., Halling, S.M., 1995. Enhancement of the Brucella AMOS PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. J Clin Microbiol 33, 1640-1642.
9
Castelo, C., Simões, J., 2019. Risk factors of brucellosis (re-) incidence in sheep and goat flocks in an endemic area of Portugal. Trop Anim Health Prod 51, 487-490.
10
Dadar, M., Alamian, S., Behrozikhah, A.M., Yazdani, F., Kalantari, A., Etemadi, A., 2019a. Molecular identification of Brucella species and biovars associated with animal and human infection in Iran. Veterinary Research Forum. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University.
11
Dadar, M., Shahali, Y., Wareth, G., 2019b. Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. Microbial Technology for the Welfare of Society, Springer, pp. 223-245.
12
Dadar, M., Shahali, Y., Whatmore, A.M., 2018. Human brucellosis caused by raw dairy products: A review on the occurrence, major risk factors and prevention. Int J Food Microbiol.
13
Ewalt, D.R., Bricker, B.J., 2000. Validation of the Abbreviated BrucellaAMOS PCR as a Rapid Screening Method for Differentiation ofBrucella abortus Field Strain Isolates and the Vaccine Strains, 19 and RB51. J Clin Microbiol 38, 3085-3086.
14
Gameel, S., Mohamed, S., Mustafa, A., Azwai, S., 1993. Prevalence of camel brucellosis in Libya. Trop Anim Health Prod 25, 91-93.
15
Gharekhani, J., Rasouli, M., Abbasi-Doulatshahi, E., Bahrami, M., Hemati, Z., Rezaei, A., et al., 2016. Sero-epidemiological survey of brucellosis in small ruminants in Hamedan province, Iran. J Adv Vet Anim Res 3, 399-405.
16
Jiang, H., Fan, M., Chen, J., Mi, J., Yu, R., Zhao, H., et al., 2011. MLVA genotyping of Chinese human Brucella melitensis biovar 1, 2 and 3 isolates. BMC Microbiol 11, 256.
17
López-Goñi, I., García-Yoldi, D., Marin, C., De Miguel, M., Munoz, P., Blasco, J., et al., 2008. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay (Bruce-ladder) for molecular typing of all Brucella species, including the vaccine strains. J Clin Microbiol 46, 3484-3487.
18
Muendo, E.N., Mbatha, P.M., Macharia, J., Abdoel, T.H., Janszen, P.V., Pastoor, R., et al., 2012. Infection of cattle in Kenya with Brucella abortus biovar 3 and Brucella melitensis biovar 1 genotypes. Trop Anim Health Prod 44, 17-20.
19
Ocholi, R., Kwaga, J., Ajogi, I., Bale, J., 2005. Abortion due to Brucella abortus in sheep in Nigeria. Revue scientifique et technique-Office. international des épizooties 24, 973.
20
Refai, M., 2002. Incidence and control of brucellosis in the Near East region. Vet Microbiol 90, 81-110.
21
Santos, R.d., de Souza, A., Gomes, S., Socoloski, S., de Castro, B., 2016. Research on Brucella abortus antibodies in sheep from mid-north Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Veterinária e Zootecnia 23, 642-646.
22
Wareth, G., Melzer, F., Tomaso, H., Roesler, U., Neubauer, H., 2015. Detection of Brucella abortus DNA in aborted goats and sheep in Egypt by real-time PCR. BMC Research Notes 8, 212.
23
Zhang, N., Huang, D., Wu, W., Liu, J., Liang, F., Zhou, B., et al., 2018. Animal brucellosis control or eradication programs worldwide: A systematic review of experiences and lessons learned. Prev Vet Med 160, 105-115.
24
Zowghi, E., Ebadi, A., Yarahmadi, M., 2008. Isolation and identification of Brucella organisms in Iran. Arch Clin Infect Dis 3, 185-188.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Iran Based on P30 Gene
Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) is known as the main etiological agent of contagious agalactia (CA). The CA is a disease affecting dairy sheep and goats, the main characteristics of which include keratoconjunctivitis, arthritis, and mastitis. This pathogen results in milk production reduction and suppression, thereby leading to serious economic loss. In the present study, 125 sheep and goat samples were collected from 15 provinces of Iran. Cultural and molecular methods were used for sample characterization. After extracting genomic DNAs using the phenol/chloroform method, the PCR technique was employed to detect Mycoplasma genus in 163bp fragment of 16S rRNA gene (M-PCR) and M. agalactiae in 800bp fragment of conserve and specific P30 lipoprotein gene (P30-PCR) in cultural and clinical samples. Finally, to validate the experimental approach, a 375 bp amplicon of P80 lipoprotein was amplified using the MA-PCR. Out of 125 samples under investigation, 43 cases were positive, and Mycoplasma colonies were observed in the pleuropneumonia-like organisms agar culture. Based on the results of the M-PCR method, 61 specimens (out of 125 samples) were scored positive for Mycoplasma presence. Furthermore, 20 samples were positive according to the P30-PCR data. It should be mentioned that the MA-PCR was performed based on the P80 gene on 125 total samples to furtherverify the results for M.agalactiae detection. Based on the obtained data, P30 and P80 genes were presented and amplified in all Iranian M. agalactiae isolates (n=20). Our results indicated that the P30 gene was conserved and specific to all Iranian M. agalactiae isolates and this new P30-PCR method (as an MA-PCR technique) might be useful in the detection of this pathogen.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121485_b2485f6f5d95b860852e78f37d8b09b2.pdf
2021-03-01
61
68
10.22092/ari.2020.115005.1141
Contagious agalactia
Culture
Mycoplasma agalactiae
PCR
P30 gene
M
Babazadeh
mdh_babazadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A
Pourbakhsh
poursaba@yahoo.com
2
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Z
Noormohammadi
marjannm@yahoo.com
3
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Esmaelizad
m.esmaelizad@rvsri.ac.ir
4
Central Laboratory Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
H
Goudarzi
h.goudarzi46@gmail.com
5
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Amores, J., Corrales, J.C., Martín, Á.G., Sánchez, A., Contreras, A., de la Fe, C.J.V.M., 2010. Comparison of culture and PCR to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri in ear swabs taken from goats. Pakistan Vet J 140, 105-108.
1
Ashtari, A., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Ghaemmaghami, S., Looni, R., Pooladgar, A.R., Ali Shirudi, A., 2015. Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from affected sheep to Contagious agalactiae of Khuzestan province, Iran. Arch Razi Inst 70, 21-27.
2
Bergonier, D., Berthelot, X., Poumarat, F., 1997. Contagious agalactiae of small ruminants: current knowledge concerning epidemiology, diagnosis and control. Rev Sci Tech 16, 848-873.
3
Browning, G.F., Marenda, M.S., Noormohammadi, A.H., Markham, P.F., 2011. The central role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of mycoplasmoses. Vet Microbiol 153, 44-50.
4
De la Fe, C., Gutierrez, A., Poveda, J.B., Assuncao, P., Ramirez, A.S., Fabelo, F., 2007. First isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, one of the causal agents of caprine contagious agalactia, on the island of Lanzarote (Spain). Vet J 173, 440-442.
5
Fleury, B., Bergonier, D., Berthelot, X., Peterhans, E., Frey, J., Vilei, E.M., 2002. Characterization of P40, a cytoadhesin of Mycoplasma agalactiae. Infect Immun 70, 5612-5621.
6
Kheirkhah, B., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Nadalian, M.G., Banani, M., Ashtari, A., 2011. Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods from Iranian goats. Afr J Microbiol Res 13, 1668-1672.
7
Khezri, M., Pourbakhsh, S., Ashtari, A., Rokhzad, B., Khanbabaie, H., 2012. Isolation and prevalence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Kurdish sheep in Kurdistan, Iran Vet World 5, 727-731.
8
Mahdavi, S., Salehi, T., Madani, R., Keyvanfar, H., 2009. Comparative study of homology of cytoplasmic membrane protein 40 KDa of Mycoplasma agalactiae in isolated strains in Iran. Afr J Microbiol Res 9, 528-532.
9
Momen, A.H., Roshdi Maleki, M., 2014. Identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Milk by Culture and PCR methods in Hamedan of Iran .Indian J Fund Appl Life Sci 4, 2175-2180
10
Nouvel, L.X., Marenda, M., Sirand-Pugnet, P., Sagne, E., Glew, M., Mangenot, S., et al., 2009. Occurrence, plasticity, and evolution of the vpma gene family, a genetic system devoted to high-frequency surface variation in Mycoplasma agalactiae. J Bacteriol 191, 4111-4121.
11
OIE, O.I.D.E., 2008. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Contagious Agalactiae, Paris, France.
12
Oravcova, K., Lopez-Enriquez, L., Rodriguez-Lazaro, D., Hernandez, M., 2009. Mycoplasma agalactiae p40 Gene, a novel marker for diagnosis of contagious agalactiae in sheep by real-time PCR: assessment of analytical performance and in-house validation using naturally contaminated milk samples. J Clin Microbiol 47, 445-450.
13
Tola, S., Angioi, A., Rocchigiani, A.M., Idini, G., Manunta, D., Galleri, G., et al., 1997. Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in sheep milk samples by polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol 54, 17-22.
14
van Kuppeveld, F.J., van der Logt, J.T., Angulo, A.F., van Zoest, M.J., Quint, W.G., Niesters, H.G., et al., 1992. Genus- and species-specific identification of mycoplasmas by 16S rRNA amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 58, 2606-2615.
15
Zendulkova, D., Ball, H., Madanat, A., Lány, P., PospÍ, Z., 2004. Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae Antigen in Sheep and Goats by Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA. Acta Veterinaria Brno 73, 461-464.
16
Zendulkova, D., Madanat, A., Lány, P., Rosenbergová, K., Pospísil, Z., 2007. Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Jordanian Sheep and Goat Herds. Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, 71-77.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and Early Detection of Hypodermosis in Goats using a Competitive ELISA System in Lorestan, Iran
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and early detection of hypodermosis in goats by the investigation of Przhevalskiana larvae and sera collected from the infested animals. This study was conducted in Lorestan province, located in the South-West of Iran, from April 2017 up to April 2018. A total of 3350 goats slaughtered in Lorestan abattoirs were investigated by clinical-parasitological examinations in different periods. The larvae were collected from the back and flank regions of the slaughtered goats. The number of infested animals, gender and age, number of maggots present on the body of each animal, location, and larval stage of warble flies were recorded in this study. To detect an infestation in the early period, a total of 150 blood samples were randomly collected from the field animals in Lorestan, Iran. The morphological findings showed that out of 3350 goats examined, 706 (21.07%) goats were infested. Furthermore, three species of Przhevalskiana, including P. Silenus (n=726, 50.07%), P.crossii (n=440, 30.43%), and P. aegagri (n=284, 19.59%) were recognized as the causative agents of goat hypodermosis in this province. No significant difference was observed between genders and/or among the age groups (P>0.05). The anti-Przhevalskiana antibodies in the serum samples were detected using ELISA from August up to mid-September (summer). Clinical diagnosis of infestation was usually performed from late October until mid-March (winter) by visual observations and direct palpation of warbles in the back and flank regions of the animals. It could be concluded that the use of ELISA can help to detect hypodermosis among goats in the early stages.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121544_a3543da9d18ceb67722daaecd64d1d6d.pdf
2021-03-01
69
77
10.22092/ari.2019.125071.1296
ELISA
Goat
Przhevalskiana
Lorestan
A
Bagheri
amin_bagheri1367@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R
Madani
madanirasool@gmail.com
2
Proteomics and Biochemistry Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sh
Navidpour
navid1038@hotmail.com
3
Department of Venomous Animal and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
N
Hoghoooghi-Rad
hoghooghiradnasser@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abo-Shehada, M.N., Batainah, T., Abuharfeil, N., Torgerson, P.R., 2006. Przhevalskiana silenus myiasis among slaughter goats in northern Jordan. Vet Parasitol 137, 345-350.
1
Ahmed, H., Afzal, M.S., Mobeen, M., Simsek, S., 2016. An overview on different aspects of hypodermosis: Current status and future prospects. Acta Trop 162, 35-45.
2
Azizi, H., Pourjafar, M., Darabi, S., Assadian, F., Kahkesh, F., 2007. A survey of seasonal infestation with Przhevalskiana larvae in slaughtered goats and sheep in South-Western Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 10, 3940-3943.
3
Colwell, D.D., Lopez, C., Diez-Banos, P., Morrondo, P., Panadero, R., 2008. Impact of previous infestation on dynamics of circulating hypodermin C in cattle artificially infested with Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae). Vet Parasitol 154, 114-121.
4
El-Azazy, O.M.E., 1997. Goat warble fly, Przhevalskiana silenus (Brauer), (Diptera: Oestridae) in Saudi Arabia. Small Ruminant Research 24, 65-67.
5
Faliero, S.M., Otranto, D., Traversa, D., Giangaspero, A., Santagada, G., Lia, R., et al., 2001. Goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus (Diptera: Oestridae): immunoepidemiologic survey in the Basilicata region (southern Italy). Parassitologia 43, 131-134.
6
Gaglio, G., Brianti, E., Ferrara, M.C., Falsone, L., Napoli, E., Giannetto, S., 2016. Seasonality of goat warble fly infection by Przhevalskiana silenus (Diptera, Oestridae) in Italy. Small Rum Res 135, 46-49.
7
Jan, S., Lateef, M., Abbas, F., Maqbool, A., Jabbar, M.A., Razzaq, A., et al., 2014. Epidemiology and Early Detection of Goat Grub, Przhevalskiana silenus, in Northern Mountainous Region of Balochistan, Pakistan. Int J Agric Biol 16, 439-422.
8
Khan, M.Q., Irshad, H., Jahangir, M., Razzaq, A., 2012. Studies on the biology, chemotherapy and distribution of warble fly in Pakistan. Rev Sci Tech 31, 959-969.
9
Navidpour, S., Madani, R., Goodarzi, M., Paykari, H., 2007a. Study of antibodies development in naturally infested goats by Przhevalskiana sp. using by ELISA kit. J Exp Zool India 10, 301-303.
10
Navidpour, S., Payekari, Abdigoudarzi, M., Mazaheri, Y., 2007b. Goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) by Przhevalskiana spp. (Brauer) (Diptera: Oestridae) in Khoozestan province, South-West Iran. J Exp Zool India 10, 325-327.
11
Oryan, A., Bahrami, S., 2012. Pathology of natural Przhevalskiana silenus infestation in goats. Trop Biom 29, 524-531.
12
Oryan, A., Razavi, S., Bahrami, S., 2009. Occurrence and biology of goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana Silenus (Diptera, Oestridae) in Iran. Vet Parasitol 166, 178-181.
13
Otranto, D., Boulard, C., Giangaspero, A., Caringella, M.P., Rimmele, D., Puccini, V., 1999. Serodiagnosis of goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus with a commercial ELISA kit. Vet Rec 144, 726-729.
14
Otranto, D., Traversa, D., Giangaspero, A., 2004. [Myiasis caused by Oestridae: serological and molecular diagnosis]. Parassitologia 46, 169-172.
15
Otranto, D., Zalla, P., Testini, G., Zanaj, S., 2005. Cattle grub infestation by Hypoderma sp. in Albania and risks for European countries. Vet Parasitol 128, 157-162.
16
Papadopoulos, E., Himonas, C., Boulard, C., 1997. The prevalence of goat hypodermosis in Greece. Parassitologia 39, 427-429.
17
Rahbari, S., Ghasemi, J., 1997. Study on economic aspects of goat grubs in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 29, 243-244.
18
Tavassoli, M., Tajik, H., Yaghobzadeh-Khangahi, R., Javadi, S., 2010. Prevalence of Goat Warble Fly, Przhevalskiana spp. (Dipetra: Oestridae), in West Azarbaijan, Iran. Iran J Vet Sci Tec 2, 33-38.
19
Webster, K.A., Giles, M., Dawson, C., 1997. A competitive ELISA for the serodiagnosis of hypodermosis. Vet Parasitol 68, 155-164.
20
Yadav, A., Katoch, R., Khajuria, J.K., Katoch, M., Rastogi, A., 2012. Economic impact of Przhevalskiana silenus infestation in native goats of Northern India. Trop Anim Health Prod 44, 581-587.
21
Zumpt, F., 1965. Myasis in man and animals in the old world, Butter-worths, London.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Detection of Theileria annulata among Dairy Cattle and Vector Ticks in the Herat Area, Afghanistan
Theileriosis is one of the most important diseases in tropical and subtropical regions and leads to annual economic losses, such as the reduction of dairy products and casualties. Although the clinical form of bovine theileriosis has been observed in Afghanistan, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted on this issue. This molecular survey was performed to identify Theileria annulata and tick vectors in dairy cattle in the Herat area, Afghanistan, from June 2015-September 2016. A total of 100 dairy cattle were clinically examined and their blood smears, EDTA blood samples, and ixodid ticks were collected. The blood samples were transported to the laboratory, followed by the preparation of the blood smears and staining with the Giemsa method. The collected ticks were identified at the species (spp) level using the identification key and were then separated into 70 tick pools according to their species. Subsequently, the salivary glands were dissected out in 0.85% saline under a stereomicroscope. The DNA of blood and salivary glands was extracted using a commercial kit and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ring form of Theileria spp infection was observed in 22 (22%) of blood smears, while 74% of blood samples were T. annulata positive using PCR. Among the collected ticks, the numbers of male and female ticks were obtained at 219 and 130 ticks, respectively. The frequency of tick spp was rated in descending order as Hyalomma annatolicum (73.9%), Hyalomma excavatum (22.3%), Hyalomma nymph spp (12%), Hyalomma marginatum (1.7%), Hyalomma asiaticum (1.1%), and Hyalomma rufipes (0.75%). The PCR results showed that seven pools belonging to salivary glands of H. anatolicum were infected with T. annulata. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that T. annulata had a high frequency in dairy cattle and H. anatoloicum was also identified, such as the vectors of T. annulata in the Herat area, Afghanistan.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121570_2a1664da9686598363db1a25422a51a2.pdf
2021-03-01
79
85
10.22092/ari.2019.128212.1407
Theileria annulata
PCR
Cattle
Ixodid tick
Afghanistan
M
Samiurahman Amiri
dr.moh.amiry@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
S
Yaghfoori
saeed.yaghfoori@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gh
Razmi
razmi@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aktas, M., Dumanli, N., Angin, M., 2004. Cattle infestation by Hyalomma ticks and prevalence of Theileria in Hyalomma species in the east of Turkey. Vet Parasitol 119, 1-8.
1
Arjmand Yamchi, J., Tavassoli, M., 2016. Survey on infection rate, vectors and molecular identification of Theileria annulata in cattle from North West, Iran. J Parasit Dis 40, 1071-1076.
2
Biglari, P., Bakhshi, H., Chinikar, S., Belqeiszadeh, H., Ghaffari, M., Javaherizadeh, S., et al., 2018. Hyalomma anatolicum as the Main Infesting Tick in an Important Livestock Rearing Region, Central Area of Iran. Iran J Public Health 47, 742-749.
3
Bulman, G.M., Arzo, G.M., Nassimi, M.N., 1979. An outbreak of tropical theileriosis in cattle in Afghanistan. Trop Anim Health Prod 11, 17-20.
4
d'Oliveira, C., van der Weide, M., Habela, M.A., Jacquiet, P., Jongejan, F., 1995. Detection of Theileria annulata in blood samples of carrier cattle by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33, 2665-2669.
5
Estrada- Pena, A., Bouattourm, A., Camicas, J.L., Walker, A.R., 2004. Ticks of domestic animals in Mediterranean region, a guide to identification of specie Bioscience Reports, UK.
6
FAO, 2018. 15 Years in Afghanistan a special report: 2003-2018. Rome.
7
George, N., Bhandari, V., Reddy, D.P., Sharma, P., 2015. Molecular and Phylogenetic analysis revealed new genotypes of Theileria annulata parasites from India. Parasit Vectors 8, 468.
8
Guo, H., Yin, C., Galon, E.M., Du, J., Gao, Y., Adjou Moumouni, P.F., et al., 2018. Molecular survey and characterization of Theileria annulata and Ehrlichia ruminantium in cattle from Northwest China. Parasitol Int 67, 679-683.
9
Hassan, M.A., Liu, J., Rashid, M., Iqbal, N., Guan, G., Yin, H., et al., 2018. Molecular survey of piroplasm species from selected areas of China and Pakistan. Parasit Vectors 11, 457.
10
Kaiser, M.N., Hoogstraal, H., 1963. The Hyalomma Ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Afghanistan. J Parasitol 49, 130-139.
11
Khattak, R.M., Rabib, M., Khan, Z., Ishaq, M., Hameed, H., Taqddus, A., et al., 2012. A comparison of two different techniques for the detection of blood parasite, Theileria annulata, in cattle from two districts in Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa Province (Pakistan). Parasite 19, 91-95.
12
Khodabandeh, S., Razmi, G., 2015. Molecular detection of Theileria species and its vectors in cattles in Yazd area by semi-nested PCR method. J Vet Res 70, 249-253.
13
Majidiani, H., Nabavi, R., Ganjali, M., Saadati, D., 2016. Detection of Theileria annulata carriers in Holstein-Friesian (Bos taurus taurus) and Sistani (Bos taurus indicus) cattle breeds by polymerase chain reaction in Sistan region, Iran. J Parasit Dis 40, 1184-1188.
14
Nabian, S., Rahbari, S., Changizi, A., Shayan, P., 2009. The distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks from domestic ruminants in Iran. Med Vet Entomol 23, 281-283.
15
Nair, A.S., Ravindran, R., Lakshmanan, B., Kumar, S.S., Tresamol, P.V., Saseendranath, M.R., et al., 2011. Haemoprotozoa of cattle in Northern Kerala, India. Trop Biomed 28, 68-75.
16
Noaman, V., 2014. Comparison of molecular and microscopic technique for detection of Theileria spp. in carrier cattle. J Parasit Dis 38, 64-67.
17
Noaman, V., Abdigoudarzi, M., Nabinejad, A.R., 2017. Abundance, diversity and seasonal dynamics of hard ticks infesting cattle in Isfahan province, central Iran. Arch Razi Inst 72, 15-21.
18
Perston, P.M., 2001. Theileriosis In: M.W.Service (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of arthropod- transmitted infections Infections of Man and Domesticated Animals, CAB International, UK.
19
Rasulov, I., 2007. Ticks status in Central Asia with a special emphasis on Uzbekistan. Parasitol Res 101, S183-186.
20
Razmi, G., Barati, F., Aslani, M.R., 2009. Prevalence of Theileria annulata in dairy cattle in Mashhad area, Iran. J Vet Parasitol 23, 81-83.
21
Rehman, A., Nijhof, A.M., Sauter-Louis, C., Schauer, B., Staubach, C., Conraths, F.J., 2017. Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Parasit Vectors 10, 190.
22
Rizk, M.A., Salama, A., El-Sayed, S.A., Elsify, A., El-Ashkar, M., Ibrahim, H., et al., 2017. Animal level risk factors associated with Babesia and Theileria infections in cattle in Egypt. Acta Parasitol 62, 796-804.
23
Shahnawaz, S., Ali, M., Aslam, M.A., Fatima, R., Chaudhry, Z.I., Hassan, M.U., et al., 2011. A study on the prevalence of a tick-transmitted pathogen, Theileria annulata, and hematological profile of cattle from Southern Punjab (Pakistan). Parasitol Res 109, 1155-1160.
24
Tavassoli, M., Tabatabaei, M., Nejad, B., Tabatabaei, M., Najafabadi, A., Pourseyed, S., 2011. Detection of Theileria annulata by the PCR-RFLP in ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) collected from cattle in West and North-West Iran. Acta Parasitologica. 56, 8-13.
25
Tookhy, N.A., Fazly, M.J., Shakhes, S., Mohmand, N.A., 2018. Prevalence Study of Bovine Theileriosis in Herat Province, Afghanistan. J Agric Vet Sci 11, 7-9.
26
Tuli, A., Singla, L.D., Sharma, A., Bal, M.S., Filia, G., Kaur, P., 2015. Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in bovines of Punjab (India). Acta Parasitol 60, 378-390.
27
Uilenberg, G., 1995. International collaborative research: significance of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases to world animal health. Vet Parasitol 57, 19-41.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bioactivity of EtOH and MeOH Extracts of Basidiomycetes Mushroom (Stereum hirsutum) on Atherosclerosis
Mushrooms are cosmopolitan organisms living on different substrates and have different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects thanks to many bioactive compounds. Edible and medicinal higher fungi have been used by humankind for millennia. They are collected and used directly not only for their nutritional values as a main source of food or as a part of a regular diet but also for their medicinal purpose as a source of powerful new bioactive compounds. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions and therefore lipid-lowering effects correlate with antiatherogenic effects. This study determined the total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant capacity (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity, and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Stereum hirsutum (Willd.) Pers. Moreover, the effects on atherosclerosis are discussed according to the antioxidant activity of the mushroom. The TAS, TOS, and OSI values of S. hirsutum were determined using Rel Assay kits. According to the results, the TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined at 5.289±0.113 mmol/L, 20.540±0.416 μmol/L, and 0.389±0.012. Furthermore, free radical scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH method. The ethanol (EtOH) extracts of S. hirsutum showed higher DPPH activity than methanol extracts. The EtOH extracts at a concentration of 2 mg/mL showed a DPPH inhibition of 45.84±0.81%. Antimicrobial activities were tested on 9 standard bacterial and fungal strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, C. krusei,and C. glabrata using a modified agar dilution method. Extracts showed high activity against S. aureus, S. aureus MRSA, and A.baumannii. In conclusion, it was suggested that S. hirsutum can be used as a natural source related to the effects on atherosclerosis due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121514_57a9806c3cc9c5524910dd1245536121.pdf
2021-03-01
87
94
10.22092/ari.2019.126283.1340
Antioxidant
Antimicrobial
atherosclerosis
mushroom
Stereum hirsutum
M
Sevindik
sevindik27@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Processing, Bahçe Vocational School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
AUTHOR
B
Ozdemir
betulozaltun@ohu.edu.tr
2
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
AUTHOR
C
Bal
celalbal27@gmail.com
3
Oguzeli Vocational School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
AUTHOR
Z
Selamoglu
zselamoglu@ohu.edu.tr
4
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aqueveque, P., Cespedes, C.L., Becerra, J., Aranda, M., Sterner, O., 2017. Antifungal activities of secondary metabolites isolated from liquid fermentations of Stereum hirsutum (Sh134-11) against Botrytis cinerea (grey mould agent). Food Chem Toxicol 109, 1048-1054.
1
Asatiani, M.D., Elisashvili, V.I., Wasser, S.P., Reznick, A.Z., Nevo, E., 2007. Free-radical scavenging activity of submerged mycelium extracts from higher basidiomycetes mushrooms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 71, 3090-3092.
2
Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M., 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by astandardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol, 45, 493-96.
3
Bal, C., 2018. A Study on Antioxidant Properties of Gyrodon lividus. Eurasian J For Sci 6, 40-43.
4
Bal, C., 2019. Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of Ganoderma lucidum. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access 7, 5-7.
5
Bal, C., Akgul, H., Sevindik, M., Akata, I., Yumrutas, O., 2017. Determination of the anti-oxidative activities of six mushrooms. Fresenius Envir Bull, 26(10), 6246-6252.
6
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33
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34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potential Protective Role of Cyrtopodion Scabrum in Antioxidant Parameters in Serum and Liver of Rats with 5-FU-Induced Oxidative Damage
Chemotherapy is the main approach for the treatment of cancer; however, it often causes unpleasant oxidative damages. Therefore, the development of an effective alternative/complementary therapy with improved tumor suppression efficiency and lower adverse effects is highly required. Recently, it has been shown that Cyrtopodion scabrum extract (CsE) is an effective and selective tumor suppressor medicine. The present study investigated the antioxidant activity of Cyrtopodion scabrum homogenate (CsH) and CsE and their effects on attenuating 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced liver dysfunction in rats. A total of 60 male rats (weight: 200-220 g) were divided into six groups and treated for 14 days. The control (group I) and 5-FU (group II) groups received distilled water and 5-FU, respectively. The other four groups were orally administered with CsE, CsH, CsE+5-FU, and CsH+5-FU (groups III to VI), respectively by gavages based on a daily schedule. The 5-FU-induced oxidative damage was evaluated by changes in the weight and food and water intake during the treatment and antioxidant parameters in the liver and serum of the treated rats. The obtained data indicated that the administration of CsH and CsE significantly improved liver function and defense system of antioxidants by attenuating the levels or activities of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase and decrease of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, total protein, and albumin in the liver and serum, induced by 5-FU treatment. The obtained data of the current study suggested that CsH and CsE play a protective role in the imbalance elicited by 5-FU and can be used as alternative/complementary supplements with 5-FU to reduce oxidative damages which is the consequence of reactive oxygen species production in cancerous patients.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_123125_06f01dc07990b6e1fe42818aa0adf3f4.pdf
2021-03-01
95
105
10.22092/ari.2019.126702.1356
Cyrtopodion Scabrum
5-FU
Antioxidant parameters
oxidative damages
M
Diba
mr_diba@sums.ac.ir
1
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Seghatoleslam
seghatolea@sums.ac.ir
2
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Namavari
namavari@yahoo.com
3
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Shiraz Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sh
Assadi
shahab.assadi@yahoo.ir
4
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
S. N
Vakili
n.vakili1992@yahoo.com
5
Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Z
Babaei
babaei213@yahoo.com
6
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Akmali
akmalim@sums.ac.ir
7
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amiri, A., Namavari, M., Rashidi, M., Fahmidehkar, M.A., Seghatoleslam, A., 2015. Inhibitory effects of Cyrtopodion scabrum extract on growth of human breast and colorectal cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 16, 565-570.
1
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7
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9
Gohari, A., Noorafshan, A., Akmali, M., Zamani-Garmsiri, F., Seghatoleslam, A., 2018. Urtica Dioica Distillate Regenerates Pancreatic Beta Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Iran J Med Sci 43, 174-183.
10
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13
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McCord, J.M., Fridovich, I., 1969. Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem 244, 6049-6055.
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16
Nageen, B., Sarfraz, I., Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Rukhsar, F., Irshad, S., et al., 2018. Eupatilin: a natural pharmacologically active flavone compound with its wide range applications. J Asian Nat Prod Res 22, 1-16.
17
Orhan, I.E., 2012. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Medicine with Neuroprotective Potential. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012, 946259.
18
Rashidi, M., Seghatoleslam, A., Namavari, M., Amiri, A., Fahmidehkar, M.A., Ramezani, A., et al., 2017. Selective Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-Induction of Cyrtopodion scabrum Extract against Digestive Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Cancer Manage 10, e8633.
19
Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Kami, H.G., Rajabzadeh, H.R., Shafiei, S., Anderson, S.C., 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iran J Anim Biosyst 4, 7-30.
20
Riaz, A., Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Zahoor, M.K., Jabeen, F., Subhani, Z., et al., 2018. Astragalin: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2, 120-135.
21
Salehi, B., Zucca, P., Orhan, I.E., Azzini, E., Adetunji, C.O., Mohammed, S.A., et al., 2019. Allicin and health: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 86, 502-516.
22
Seghatoleslam, A., Mashkour, N., Namavari, M., Azarmehr, B., Nejabat, M., 2014. The Potential Effects of Herbal Distillates with Hot and Cold Temperament on Cell Metabolic Activity and Growth: A Preliminary in Vitro Study. J Pharm Biomed Sci 4, 532-535.
23
Sun, F., Hamagawa, E., Tsutsui, C., Ono, Y., Ogiri, Y., Kojo, S., 2001. Evaluation of oxidative stress during apoptosis and necrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1535, 186-191.
24
Talas, Z.S., Bayraktar, N., Ozdemir, I., Gok, Y., Yilmaz, I., 2009. The effects of synthetic organoselenium compounds on nitric oxide in DMBA-induced rat liver. J Environ Biol 30, 591-593.
25
Tavakoli, M.B., Kiani, A., Roayaei, M., 2015. The Effects of Fenugreek on Radiation Induced Toxicity for Human Blood T-Cells in Radiotherapy. J Med Signals Sens 5, 176-181.
26
Wang, H., Jatmiko, Y.D., Bastian, S.E., Mashtoub, S., Howarth, G.S., 2017. Effects of Supernatants from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and a Rat Model of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis. Nutr Cancer 69, 307-318.
27
Wootton-Beard, P.C., Moran, A., Ryan, L., 2011. Stability of the total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content of 23 commercially available vegetable juices before and after in vitro digestion measured by FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Food Res Int 44, 217-224.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Composition and Anti-Toxicity Effects of Cichorium intybus Distillate on Serum Antioxidant Status in Carbon Tetrachloride-Treated Rats
The role of oxidative stress in female fertility is a compelling area for research. According to traditional medicine, Cichorium intybus, known as Kasni, is believed to improve fertility. For this purpose, the effects of C. intybus distillate (CI) on blood antioxidant status were assessed in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity. The rats were assigned to four experimental groups of Control, CI, CCl4, and CI+CCl410 (n=10 in each group). The level of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT), as well as lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) level, were measured in serum samples. In the second part of the study, the antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of the hydrodistillate of C. intybus aerial parts were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, respectively. The administration of CCl4 decreased the enzyme activities of GPx, GR, and CAT which were significantly ameliorated after CI administration. The decreased level of serum GSH following CCl4 administration was not considerably elevated in the CI+CCl4 group. Furthermore, the level of malondialdehyde in the serum of CI+CCl4 rats was decreased, compared to the CCl4 group. The main compositions of the essential oil from the C. intybus distillate were the antioxidants of Pulegone (8.10%), Piperitenone (7.68%), dihydroactinidiolide (5.0%), and carvone (4.18%). The antioxidant activity of the distillate was obtained at 75µg/l using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) test. In general, the results of the present study demonstrated that C. intybus distillate, as a safe herbal remedy, can attenuate CCl4-induced oxidative damages via boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121561_59c39a3e31a28260e80273bacbd74919.pdf
2021-03-01
107
117
10.22092/ari.2019.127303.1378
Chicory
catalase
Glutathione
malondialdehyde
Mass spectrometry
A
Seghatoleslam
seghatoleslama@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Z
Khoshdel
khoshdez37@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
R
Ghafouri
r.gh.lab.63@gmail.com
3
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sh
Fakher
shima1979f@yahoo.com
4
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Molaei
mahbobe.molaei@gmail.com
5
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Namavari
namavari@yahoo.com
6
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
F
Zal
fatemehzal@yahoo.com
7
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahangarpour, A., Oroojan, A.A., Heidari, H., Ghaedi, E., Taherkhani, R., 2014. Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract from Arctium lappa L.(Burdock) Root on Gonadotropins, Testosterone, and Sperm Count and Viability in Male Mice with Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Malays J Med Sci 22, 25-32.
1
Al-Rasheed, N.M., Fadda, L.M., Al-Rasheed, N.M., Ali, H.M., Yacoub, H.I., 2016. Down-regulation of NFKB, Bax, TGF-β, Smad-2mRNA expression in the livers of carbon tetrachloride treated rats using different natural antioxidants. Braz Arch Biol Technol 59.
2
Asirvatham, R., Usha, J.J., 2017. Evaluation of In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant potential of Morinda reticulata Gamble Tubers in Wistar Albino Rats Subjected to CCl4 and Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity. Indones J Pharm 28, 147.
3
Būdienė, A.J.J., 2008. Volatile constituents from aerial parts and roots of Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) grown in Lithuania. chemija 19, 25–28.
4
Chadwick, M., Trewin, H., Gawthrop, F., Wagstaff, C., 2013. Sesquiterpenoids lactones: benefits to plants and people. Int J Mol Sci 14, 12780-12805.
5
Darché, R.L., Ruder, E.H., Blumberg, J., Hartman, T.J., Goldman, M.B., 2017. Antioxidants in Reproductive Health and Fertility. Nutritional Antioxidant Therapies: Treatments and Perspectives, Springer, pp. 113-136.
6
Das, S., Vasudeva, N., Sharma, S., 2016. Cichorium intybus: A concise report on its ethnomedicinal, botanical, and phytopharmacological aspects. Drug Discov Ther 7, 1-12.
7
Gohari, A., Noorafshan, A., Akmali, M., Zamani-Garmsiri, F., Seghatoleslam, A., 2017. Urtica Dioica Distillate (Aragh Gazaneh) Regenerates Pancreatic Beta Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Iran J Med Sci 41, 174-183.
8
Gol, N.R.N., R. Z. ; Chamsaz, M., 2014. A comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of roots, seeds and aerial parts of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). Int J Biolsci 5, 250-257.
9
Gupta, S., Agarwal, A., Krajcir, N., Alvarez, J.G., 2006. Role of oxidative stress in endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 13, 126-134.
10
Gupta, V.K., Gupta, M., Sharma, S.K., 2011. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Ficus religiosa (Linn.) roots against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. J Med Plant Res 5, 1582-1588.
11
H Sekhon, L., Gupta, S., Kim, Y., Agarwal, A., 2010. Female infertility and antioxidants. Curr Womens Health Rev 6, 84-95.
12
Haghi, Arshi, G., Ghazian, R., Hosseini, F., 2012. Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Aerial Parts of Cichorium intybus L. J Essent Oil Bear Pl 15, 213-216.
13
Kuriakose, J., Raisa, H.L., Vysakh, A., Eldhose, B., Latha, M., 2017. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit mitigates CCl4 induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 93, 327-333.
14
Mashhoody, T., Rastegar, K., Zal, F., 2014. Perindopril may improve the hippocampal reduced glutathione content in rats. Adv Pharm Bull 4, 155-159.
15
Moon, J.K., Shibamoto, T., 2009. Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. J Agric Food Chem 57, 1655-1666.
16
Muhammad, A., Muhammad, S., Zahid, M., Shazia, A.B., Mir Munsif, A.T., 2014. Antimicrobial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Different Parts and GC-MS Profiling of Essential Oil of Cichorium intybus Extracted by Super Critical Fluid Extraction. Asian J Chem. 26, 531-536.
17
Mulla, A.A., Fazari, A.B., Elkhouly, M., Moghaddam, N., 2018. Role of Antioxidants in Female Fertility. Open J Obstet Gynecol 8, 85-91.
18
Rashidi, M., Seghatoleslam, A., Namavari, M., Amiri, A., Fahmidehkar, M.A., Ramezani, A., et al., 2017. Selective Cytotoxicity and apoptosis-induction of Cyrtopodion scabrum extract against digestive cancer cell lines. Int J Cancer Manag 10.
19
Saric-Kundalic, B., Dobes, C., Klatte-Asselmeyer, V., Saukel, J., 2011. Ethnobotanical survey of traditionally used plants in human therapy of east, north and north-east Bosnia and Herzegovina. J Ethnopharmacol 133, 1051-1076.
20
Seghatoleslam, A., Mashkour, N., Namavari, M., Azarmehr, B., Nejabat, M., 2014. The potential effects of herbal distillates with hot and cold temperament on cell metabolic activity and growth: a preliminary in vitro study. J Pharmaceutical Biomedical Sci 4, 532-535.
21
Sharma, V., Agrawal, R., 2017. In vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) induced oxidative-stress mediated hepatotoxicity. Int J Res Med Sci 2, 314-320.
22
Showell, M.G., Mackenzie‐Proctor, R., Jordan, V., Hart, R.J., 2017. Antioxidants for female subfertility. The Cochrane Library.
23
Sobeh, M., Youssef, F.S., Esmat, A., Petruk, G., El-Khatib, A.H., Monti, D.M., et al., 2018. High resolution UPLC-MS/MS profiling of polyphenolics in the methanol extract of Syzygium samarangense leaves and its hepatoprotective activity in rats with CCl4-induced hepatic damage. Food Chem Toxicol 113, 145-153.
24
Street, R.A., Sidana, J., Prinsloo, G., 2013. Cichorium intybus: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 15, 579319.
25
Yarahmadi, A., Zal, F., Bolouki, A., 2017. Protective effects of quercetin on nicotine induced oxidative stress in 'HepG2 cells'. Toxicol Mech Methods 27, 609-614.
26
Zahid Khorshid Abbas a, *, Shalini Saggu a,1, Mohamed I. Sakeran b,c,, Nahla Zidan d, e., Hasibur Rehman a, Abid A. Ansari a, 2015. Phytochemical, antioxidant and mineral composition of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves. Saudi J Biol Sci 22, 322-326.
27
Zal, F., Khademi, F., Taheri, R., Mostafavi-Pour, Z., 2018. Antioxidant ameliorating effects against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in primary endometrial cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 28, 122-129.
28
Zal, F., Mahdian, Z., Zare, R., Soghra, B., Mostafavi-Pour, Z., 2014. Combination of vitamin E and folic acid ameliorate oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetic rat uterus. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 84, 55-64.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of Dairy Fungal Contamination and Reduction of Aflatoxin M1 Amount by Three Acid and Bile Resistant Probiotic Bacteria
Aflatoxins (AFs) released by fungi are observed in the cow’s milk even after pasteurization. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) has particularly an incredible clinical significance, as a critical carcinogenic agent for humans. Several strategies have been implemented for lowering the AFM1 amount, such as the employment of probiotics, particularly lactobacilli or lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, this strategy has not been applied routinely until today. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three LABs on the reduction of AFM1 in traditional milk and cheese samples. In total, 85 milk (n=45) and cheese (n=40) samples were obtained from the open markets of Shiraz, Iran, from February to June 2018. Additionally, the AFM1 levels were evaluated, compared to those of the National Iranian Standard. The data were then analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through the Chi-square test. Statistical analysis was performed at a 95% confidence level (p-value of <0.00001). Out of 50 purchased LABs, the efficient antifungal property and resistance to bile salts were observed in five strains. The mean value of these five strains was calculated after adding 5 ppm AFM1, compared to natamycin. The strains with a reduction in AFM1 level were sequenced and registered in the NCBI database.In total, 15 samples with contamination higher than the allowed limit included Penicillium spp, Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisia, Saccharomyces paradoxus, and Yarrowia lipolytica.The results also showed reduced AFM1 levels in three LAB-treated strains. Lactobacillus fermentum CECT562 (T), Lactobacillus brevis ATCC14869 (T), and Enterococcus faecium LMG 11423 (T) had this capability to 0.05, 0.03, and 0.03 respectively. The National Iranian Standard should be implemented to have control over traditional dairy products with more care. The three LABs selected in the current study revealed a significant effect on reducing AFM1 levels in traditional milk and cheese.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121543_f659cb4c379c4b630c47334c86559cd6.pdf
2021-03-01
119
126
10.22092/ari.2019.126572.1347
Aflatoxin M1
Contamination
Lactobacillus
Probiotics
F
Faghihi Shahrestani
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Tajabadi Ebrahimi
navid1038@hotmail.com
2
Department of Science, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Bayat
dr_mansour_bayat@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J
Hashemi
4
Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
V
Razavilar
5
Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Specialized Science, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelmotilib, N.M., Hamad, G.M., Elderea, H.B., Salem, E.G., El Sohaimy, S.A., Aflatoxin M1 Reduction in Milk by a Novel Combination of Probiotic Bacterial and Yeast Strains. Regulation 9, 11.
1
Adebo, O.A., Njobeh, P.B., Gbashi, S., Nwinyi, O.C., Mavumengwana, V., 2017. Review on microbial degradation of aflatoxins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 57, 3208-3217.
2
Caroli, A., Poli, A., Ricotta, D., Banfi, G., Cocchi, D., 2011. Invited review: Dairy intake and bone health: A viewpoint from the state of the art1. J Dairy Sci 94, 5249-5262.
3
Dalié, D., Deschamps, A., Richard-Forget, F., 2010. Lactic acid bacteria–Potential for control of mould growth and mycotoxins: A review. Food control 21, 370-380.
4
Dhanasekaran, D., Shanmugapriya, S., Thajuddin, N., Panneerselvam, A., 2011. Aflatoxins and aflatoxicosis in human and animals. Aflatoxins-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, InTech.
5
Elsanhoty, R.M., Salam, S.A., Ramadan, M.F., Badr, F.H., 2014. Detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt using probiotics and lactic acid bacteria. Food Control 43, 129-134.
6
Elwood, P.C., Pickering, J.E., Fehily, A.M., 2007. Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the Caerphilly prospective study. J Epidemiol Community Health 61, 695-698.
7
Fazeli, M.R., Hajimohammadali, M., Moshkani, A., Samadi, N., Jamalifar, H., Khoshayand, M.R., et al., 2009. Aflatoxin B1 binding capacity of autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria. J Food Prot 72, 189-192.
8
Ghazani, M.H.M., 2009. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized milk in Tabriz (northwest of Iran). Food Chem Toxicol 47, 1624-1625.
9
Girma, K., Tilahun, Z., Haimanot, D., 2014. Review on milk safety with emphasis on its public health. World J Dairy Food Sci 9, 166-183.
10
Hashemi, M., 2016. A survey of aflatoxin M1 in cow milk in Southern Iran. J Food Drug Anal 24, 888-893.
11
Hernandez-Mendoza, A., Guzman-De-Peña, D., González-Córdova, A.F., Vallejo-Córdoba, B., Garcia, H.S., 2010. In vivo assessment of the potential protective effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota against aflatoxin B1. Dairy Sci Technol 90, 729-740.
12
Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G.R., Merenstein, D.J., Pot, B., et al., 2014. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nature reviews. Gastroenterol Hepatol 11, 506-514.
13
Khaniki, G., 2007. Chemical contaminants in milk and public health concerns: a review. Int J Dairy Sci 2, 104-115.
14
Lizárraga-Paulín, E.G., Moreno-Martínez, E., Miranda-Castro, S.P., 2011. Aflatoxins and their impact on human and animal health: An emerging problem. Aflatoxins-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, InTech.
15
Momtaz, H., Farzan, R., Rahimi, E., Safarpoor Dehkordi, F., Souod, N., 2012. Molecular characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from ruminant and donkey raw milk samples and traditional dairy products in Iran. Sci World J 2012.
16
Nazhand, A.-H., Nematzadeh, G.-A., Parizi, A.P., Ranjbar, G.-A., 2017. Isolation and identification of bacteria capable of binding to aflatoxin. Pharmacophore 8, e-1173211.
17
Oveisi, M.-R., Jannat, B., Sadeghi, N., Hajimahmoodi, M., Nikzad, A., 2007. Presence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and infant milk products in Tehran, Iran. Food Control 18, 1216-1218.
18
Pena-Rodas, O., Martinez-Lopez, R., Hernandez-Rauda, R., 2018. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in cow milk in El Salvador: Results from a two-year survey. 5, 671-678.
19
Perczak, A., Goliński, P., Bryła, M., Waśkiewicz, A., 2018. The efficiency of lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 69, 32-45.
20
Prabhurajeshwar, C., Chandrakanth, R.K., 2017. Probiotic potential of Lactobacilli with antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains: An in vitro validation for the production of inhibitory substances. Biomed J 40, 270-283.
21
Prandini, A., Tansini, G., Sigolo, S., Filippi, L., Laporta, M., Piva, G., 2009. On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Food Chem Toxicol 47, 984-991.
22
Sadeghi, A.R., Ebrahimi, M., Sadeghi, B., 2016. Effect of Isolated Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus brevis on Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Reduction of Aflatoxin B1. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 15, 3-16.
23
Tajkarimi, M., Aliabadi-Sh, F., Nejad, A.S., Poursoltani, H., Motallebi, A., Mahdavi, H., 2008. Aflatoxin M1 contamination in winter and summer milk in 14 states in Iran. Food Control 19, 1033-1036.
24
Verma, N., Singh, N.A., Kumar, N., Singh, V.K., Raghu, H., 2013. Development of “Field Level” Chromogenic Assay for Aflatoxin M1 Detection in Milk. Adv Dairy Res 1, 2.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Proteome Analysis of Toxic Fractions of Iranian Cobra (Naja naja Oxiana) Snake Venom Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry
Snake venoms are mostly composed of various proteins and peptides with toxicity and pharmacological effects depending on their geographical sources. Naja naja oxiana is one of the most medically important venomous snakes in Iran and Central Asia. The bite of this type of snake can cause severe pain and swelling, as well as neurotoxicity. Without medical treatment, symptoms quickly worsen and death can occur soon. A detailed understanding of venom components can provide new insight into the production of antivenom against toxic agents instead of crude venom. Specific antibodies against toxic fractions are of utmost importance in neutralizing crude venom. Therefore, the proteome profile of these fractions of Naja naja oxidana venom was analyzed using fractionation by gel filtration, two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and data mining. Base on the results, in total, 32 spots were detected and categorized into three protein families, namely three-finger toxin (3FTx), phospholipase, and Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP). These proteins consist of more than 70% crude venom all with a molecular weight below 25 kDa. The 3FTx as a highly diverse constituent in the venom of Naja species was in large quantity in this district. Short-chain neurotoxins, including short neurotoxin, cytotoxin, and muscarinic toxin-like protein, were in abundance, respectively. In conclusion, the recognition of toxic fractions of Naja naja oxiana in this region could be of great help in the production of an effective antivenom against similar compositions. It can also help the medical care department to find out the clinical sign of cobra venom. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to report the proteomic of toxic fractions of Naja naja oxiana in Iran.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121594_8be2da8a7f3b80b0b28de5ce138f32fc.pdf
2021-03-01
127
138
10.22092/ari.2020.128766.1428
Venom proteome
2D gel Electrophoresis
Mass spectrometry
Naja naja Oxiana
chromatography
M
Samianifard
maedehsamiani@gmail.com
1
Department of Proteomics-Biochemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Nazari
anshirvan@gmail.com
2
Department of Proteomics-Biochemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F
Tahoori
f_tahoori@yahoo.com
3
Department of Human Bacterial Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iranand Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
N
Mohamadpour Dounighi
nasser_mohammadpour@yahoo.com
4
Department of Venomous Animal, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbari, A., Rabiei, H., Hedayat, A., Mohammadpour, N., Zolfagharian, H., Teimorzadeh, S.J.a.o.r.i., 2010. Production of effective antivenin to treat cobra snake (Naja naja oxiana) envenoming. Arch Razi Inst 65, 33-37.
1
Binh, D., Thanh, T., Chi, P., 2010. Proteomic characterization of the thermostable toxins from Naja naja venom. J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis 16, 631-638.
2
Calvete, J.J., Sanz, L., Angulo, Y., Lomonte, B., Gutierrez, J.M., 2009. Venoms, venomics, antivenomics. FEBS Lett 583, 1736-1743.
3
Dehghani, R., Fathi, B., Shahi, M.P., Jazayeri, M., 2014. Ten years of snakebites in Iran. Toxicon 90, 291-298.
4
Dubovskii, P.V., Lesovoy, D.M., Dubinnyi, M.A., Konshina, A.G., Utkin, Y.N., Efremov, R.G., et al., 2005. Interaction of three-finger toxins with phospholipid membranes: comparison of S- and P-type cytotoxins. Biochem J 387, 807-815.
5
Dutta, S., Chanda, A., Kalita, B., Islam, T., Patra, A., Mukherjee, A.K., 2017. Proteomic analysis to unravel the complex venom proteome of eastern India Naja naja: Correlation of venom composition with its biochemical and pharmacological properties. J Proteomics 156, 29-39.
6
Fatima, L., Fatah, C.J.J.o.C.T., 2014. Pathophysiological and Pharmacological Effects of Snake Venom Components: Molecular Targets. J Clin Toxicol 4, 1-9.
7
Georgieva, D., Seifert, J., Ohler, M., von Bergen, M., Spencer, P., Arni, R.K., et al., 2011. Pseudechis australis venomics: adaptation for a defense against microbial pathogens and recruitment of body transferrin. J Proteome Res 10, 2440-2464.
8
Gutierrez, J.M., Lomonte, B., Leon, G., Alape-Giron, A., Flores-Diaz, M., Sanz, L., et al., 2009. Snake venomics and antivenomics: Proteomic tools in the design and control of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming. J Proteomics 72, 165-182.
9
Hamilton, M.A., Russo, R.C., Thurston, R.V., 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ Sci Technol 11, 714-719.
10
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11
Huang, H.W., Liu, B.S., Chien, K.Y., Chiang, L.C., Huang, S.Y., Sung, W.C., et al., 2015. Cobra venom proteome and glycome determined from individual snakes of Naja atra reveal medically important dynamic range and systematic geographic variation. J Proteomics 128, 92-104.
12
Kazemi-Lomedasht, F., Rahimi Jamnani, F., Behdani, M., Shahbazzadeh, D., 2019. Linear mimotope analysis of Iranian cobra (Naja oxiana) snake venom using peptide displayed phage library. Toxin Rev 38, 106-114.
13
Kulkeaw, K., Chaicumpa, W., Sakolvaree, Y., Tongtawe, P., Tapchaisri, P., 2007. Proteome and immunome of the venom of the Thai cobra, Naja kaouthia. Toxicon 49, 1026-1041.
14
Laustsen, A.H., Gutierrez, J.M., Lohse, B., Rasmussen, A.R., Fernandez, J., Milbo, C., et al., 2015. Snake venomics of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) and investigation of human IgG response against venom toxins. Toxicon 99, 23-35.
15
Lomonte, B., Calvete, J.J., 2017. Strategies in 'snake venomics' aiming at an integrative view of compositional, functional, and immunological characteristics of venoms. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 23, 26.
16
Malih, I., Ahmad rusmili, M.R., Tee, T.Y., Saile, R., Ghalim, N., Othman, I., 2014. Proteomic analysis of Moroccan cobra Naja haje legionis venom using tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 96, 240-252.
17
Modahl, C.M., Mackessy, S.P., 2019. Venoms of Rear-Fanged Snakes: New Proteins and Novel Activities. Front.Ecol. Evol 7.
18
Mukherjee, A.K., 2010. Non-covalent interaction of phospholipase A (2) (PLA (2)) and kaouthiotoxin (KTX) from venom of Naja kaouthia exhibits marked synergism to potentiate their cytotoxicity on target cells. J Venom Res 1, 37-42.
19
Reed, L.J., Muench, H., 1938. A Simple Method of Estimating Fifty Per Cent Endpoints12. Am J Epidemiol 27, 493-497.
20
Sintiprungrat, K., Watcharatanyatip, K., Senevirathne, W.D., Chaisuriya, P., Chokchaichamnankit, D., Srisomsap, C., et al., 2016. A comparative study of venomics of Naja naja from India and Sri Lanka, clinical manifestations and antivenomics of an Indian polyspecific antivenom. J Proteomics 132, 131-143.
21
Suntravat, M., Cromer, W.E., Marquez, J., Galan, J.A., Zawieja, D.C., Davies, P., et al., 2019. The isolation and characterization of a new snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein (svCRiSP) from the venom of the Southern Pacific rattlesnake and its effect on vascular permeability. Toxicon 165, 22-30.
22
Talebi Mehrdar, M., Hajihosseini, R., Madani, R., 2017. Identification and isolation of immunodominant proteins of Naja naja (Oxiana) snake venom %J Arch Razi Inst 72, 131-137.
23
Tan, K.Y., Tan, C.H., Chanhome, L., Tan, N.H., 2017. Comparative venom gland transcriptomics of Naja kaouthia (monocled cobra) from Malaysia and Thailand: elucidating geographical venom variation and insights into sequence novelty. Peer J 5, e3142.
24
Tan, K.Y., Tan, C.H., Fung, S.Y., Tan, N.H., 2015. Venomics, lethality and neutralization of Naja kaouthia (monocled cobra) venoms from three different geographical regions of Southeast Asia. J Proteomics 120, 105-125.
25
Vejayan, J., Shin Yee, L., Ponnudurai, G., Ambu, S., Ibrahim, I., 2010. Protein profile analysis of Malaysian snake venoms by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 16, 623-630.
26
Wong, K.Y., Tan, C.H., Tan, N.H., 2016. Venom and Purified Toxins of the Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja) from Pakistan: Insights into Toxicity and Antivenom Neutralization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 94, 1392-1399.
27
Yap, M.K.K., Fung, S.Y., Tan, K.Y., Tan, N.H., 2014. Proteomic characterization of venom of the medically important Southeast Asian Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra). Acta Tropica 133, 15-25.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Evaluation of Mouse Hind Paw Edema Induced by Iranian Naja oxiana Venom
Iranian Naja oxiana (the Elapidae family) known as cobra snake inhabits in the northwestern part of Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the edematogenic potency of the crude venom with intraplantar injection into mice. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of three different drugs (i.e., promethazine, dexamethasone, and piroxicam) on paw edema were examined. Moreover, the gelatinase activity of this venom was assessed using the zymography method. Paw edema was induced by the intraplantar injection of different concentrations of the venom (0.5-5 μg dissolved in 50 μl of normal saline) into the mice (six in each group). It was estimated through the measurement of the increase in the paw thickness (%) with a digital caliper. The paws were pretreated and the rate of changes was measured after the venom injection. Pathological findings in the treated paws were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Paw thickness reached its maximum amount within 5 min and resolved after 1 h. This venom had no gelatinase activity using the zymography method ruling out its role in edema. It caused non-hemorrhagic diffuse edema with the infiltration of inflammatory cells (i.e., leukocytes and lymphocytes) in the dermis. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with drugs significantly inhibited the venom-induced (1 μg/paw) edema; however, all the mice died unexpectedly a day after piroxicam injection. This in vitro and in vivo preliminary study demonstrated for the first time that N. oxiana venom-induced non-hemorrhagic edema in a short time. Dexamethasone (phospholipase A2 inhibitor; 1 mg/kg) and promethazine (H1 inhibitor; 5 mg/kg) decreased the venom-induced edema (p <0.001). It is suggested to carry out further studies to identify different mediators in venom-induced edema formation.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121552_a41d324d62b183cb22ed31bdcb3d715b.pdf
2021-03-01
139
147
10.22092/ari.2019.127569.1387
Iranian Naja oxiana
Gelatinase
Paw edema
Venom
Phospholipase A2
A
Esmaili
hamidsporteducation@gmail.com
1
Department of Pathology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Kamyab
mostafa.kamyab@gmail.com
2
Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H
Fatemikia
hosseinfatemikia@yahoo.com
3
Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
H
Ahmadzadeh
hoseinahmadzadeh93@gmail.com
4
School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Movahed
amovahed58@gmail.com
5
Biochemistry Group, The Persian Gulf Tropical Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
E
Kim
ekim@gnu.ac.kr
6
College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
AUTHOR
N
Mohamadpour Dounighi
nasser_mohammadpour@yahoo.com
7
Department of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Salemy
crotalinae2010@gmail.com
8
Department of Human Vaccine and Serum, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
R
Seyedian
raminseyedian@gmail.com
9
Department of Pharmacology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdel-Rahman, M.A., Omran, M.A., Abdel-Nabi, I.M., Ueda, H., McVean, A., 2009. Intraspecific variation in the Egyptian scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus venom collected from different biotopes. Toxicon 53, 349-359.
1
Akbari, A., Rabiei, H., Hedayat, A., Mohammadpour, N., Zolfagharian, H., Teimorzadeh, S.J.a.o.r.i., 2010. Production of effective antivenin to treat cobra snake (Naja naja oxiana) envenoming. Arch Razi Inst 65 (1), 33-37.
2
Al-Asmari, A., 2003. Pharmacological Characterization of the Rat` s Paw Oedema Induced by Echis coloratus Venom. J Biol Sci 3, 309-319.
3
Al-Asmari, A.K., 2005. Pharmacological characterization of rat paw edema induced by Naja haje arabica venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 11, 51-67.
4
Al-Asmari, A.K., Abdo, N.M., 2006. Pharmacological characterization of rat paw edema induced by Cerastes gasperettii (cerastes) venom. %J J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 12, 400-417.
5
Bee, A., Theakston, R.D.G., Harrison, R.A., Carter, S.D., 2001. Novel in vitro assays for assessing the haemorrhagic activity of snake venoms and for demonstration of venom metalloproteinase inhibitors. Toxicon 39, 1429-1434.
6
Bradford, M.M., 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72, 248-254.
7
Burin, S.M., Menaldo, D.L., Sampaio, S.V., Frantz, F.G., Castro, F.A., 2018. An overview of the immune modulating effects of enzymatic toxins from snake venoms. Int J Biol Macromol 109, 664-671.
8
Cirino, G., Peers, S.H., Wallace, J.L., Flower, R.J., 1989. A study of phospholipase A2-induced oedema in rat paw. Eur J Pharmacol 166, 505-510.
9
de Faria, L., Antunes, E., Bon, C., Lôbo de Araújo, A., 2001. Pharmacological characterization of the rat paw edema induced by Bothrops lanceolatus (Fer de lance) venom. Toxicon 39, 825-830.
10
Dehghani, R., Fathi, B., Shahi, M.P., Jazayeri, M., 2014. Ten years of snakebites in Iran. Toxicon 9, 298-291.
11
Escalante, T., Rucavado, A., Fox, J.W., Gutierrez, J.M., 2011. Key events in microvascular damage induced by snake venom hemorrhagic metalloproteinases. J Proteomics 74, 1781-1794.
12
Feofanov, A.V., Sharonov, G.V., Dubinnyi, M.A., Astapova, M.V., Kudelina, I.A., Dubovskii, P.V., et al., 2004. Comparative study of structure and activity of cytotoxins from venom of the cobras Naja oxiana, Naja kaouthia, and Naja haje. Biochemistry (Mosc) 69, 1148-1157.
13
Kularatne, S.A., Budagoda, B.D., Gawarammana, I.B., Kularatne, W.K., 2009. Epidemiology, clinical profile and management issues of cobra (Naja naja) bites in Sri Lanka: first authenticated case series. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103, 924-930.
14
Laemmli, U.K., 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680-685.
15
Latifi, M., 1984. Variation in yield and lethality of venoms from Iranian snakes. Toxicon 22, 373-380.
16
Longbottom, J., Shearer, F.M., Devine, M., Alcoba, G., Chappuis, F., Weiss, D.J., et al., 2018. Vulnerability to snakebite envenoming: a global mapping of hotspots. The Lancet 392, 673-684.
17
Lopes, P.H., Rocha, M.M.T., Kuniyoshi, A.K., Portaro, F.C.V., Goncalves, L.R.C., 2017. Edema and Nociception Induced by Philodryas patagoniensis Venom in Mice: A Pharmacological Evaluation with Implications for the Accident Treatment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 361, 349-354.
18
Monzavi, S.M., Dadpour, B., Afshari, R., 2014. Snakebite management in Iran: Devising a protocol. J Res Med Sci 19, 153-163.
19
Samel, M., Vija, H., Kurvet, I., Kunnis-Beres, K., Trummal, K., Subbi, J., et al., 2013. Interactions of PLA2-s from Vipera lebetina, Vipera berus berus and Naja naja oxiana venom with platelets, bacterial and cancer cells. Toxins (Basel) 5, 203-223.
20
Tan, N.-H.,1983. Isolation and characterization of two toxins from the venom of the Malayan cobra (Naja naja sputatrix). Toxicon 21, 201-207.
21
Trebien, H.A., Calixto, J.B., 1989. Pharmacological evaluation of rat paw oedema induced by Bothrops jararaca venom. Agents Actions 26, 292-300.
22
Warrell, D.A., 2010. Snake bite. The Lancet 375, 77-88.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Species Composition and Spatial Distribution of Scorpions Based on Eco-Environmental Variables in Provinces Along with the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf in Iran: A GIS-Based Approach
Scorpions are venomous arachnids with major medical health importance in Iran, specifically in the Southwest. In total, three families of scorpions, including Scorpionidae, Hemiscorpiidae, and Buthidae were reported in Iran. This study was conducted on scorpion ecology to determine the species composition and the dispersion of scorpions based on the ecological and environmental variables in combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS) in Khuzestan, Hormozgan, and Bushehr Provinces along with the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf in Iran. Scorpions were collected from Hormozgan, Khuzestan, and Bushehr Provinces, Iran using the Ultra Violet light. The specimens were then identified according to their morphological characters utilizing reliable keys. To determine the relationship between the eco-environmental variables and the spatial distribution of species, the GPS points of the collected scorpions were recorded, and the scorpion shapefile was overlaid on digital elevation model, slope, land use, temperature, rainfall, soil texture, and bioclimatic maps. Totally, 25 specimens were reported in three families of Scorpionidae, Hemiscorpiidae, and Buthidae. Furthermore, Razianus zarudnyi, Androctonus crassicauda, Buthacus macrocentrus, Mesobuthus eupeus phillipsii, Odontobuthus bidentatus, and Hemiscorpius lepturus were the common species collected from Hormozgan, Khuzestan, and Bushehr Provinces, Iran. The results of the current study showed that a large number of species preferred the sand texture due to ecomorphological adaptation. Moreover, the poor rangeland vegetation cover was preferred by the majority of the scorpion species, including S. maurus townsendi. According to the results, the combination of the ecological factors related to the suitable habitat of different species of scorpion and GIS will provide the dispersal areas of each species. Furthermore, such databases can be comprehensive and valuable guides for health authorities to reduce and manage scorpion envenomation.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121559_5f564558beab2e54a748eea7bf79731a.pdf
2021-03-01
149
160
10.22092/ari.2019.127114.1370
Fauna
GIS
Iran
Scorpion
spatial distribution
Sh
Navidpour
navid1038@gmail.com
1
Razi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
E
Jahanifard
jahanifardelham2017@gmail.com
2
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
N
Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
nasibeh.hoseini@gmail.com
3
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bawaskar, H.S., Bawaskar, P.H., 2012. Scorpion sting: update. J Assoc Physicians India 60, 46-55.
1
Brites-Neto, J., Duarte, K.M.R., 2015. Modeling of spatial distribution for scorpions of medical importance in the São Paulo State, Brazil. Vet World 8, 823-830.
2
Burton, R.S., 1998. Intraspecific phylogeography across the Point Conception biogeographic boundary. Evolution 52, 734-745.
3
Cala-Riquelme, F., Colombo, M., 2011. Ecology of the scorpion, Microtityus jaumei in Sierra de Canasta, Cuba. J Insect Sci 11, 1-10.
4
Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L., 1975. Adaptations of Arthropoda to arid environments. Annu Rev Entomol 20, 261-283.
5
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6
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection and Phylogenetic Study of Peste des Petits Ruminants in Iran, 2019: Updated Data
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is caused by a morbillivirus from the Paramyxoviridae family and the infected animals, especially goats, that show clinical signs of necrotic stomatitis, enteritis, and pneumonia. The PPR virus has four lineages closely related to the geographical regions. Sufficient awareness of the lineage of the virus helps monitor the disease in different regions of a country. Phylogenetic studies have led to implementing strategies against new lineages that may enter a given country from the neighboring countries. The present research aimed to study the PPR virus (PPRV) detected phylogenetically by PCR in a small ruminant flock with PPR clinical signs. The goats in a flock in Alborz province showed clinical signs of PPR, and 10% died. Oral swabs and blood samples were taken from two affected goat flocks. The RT-PCR was conducted to detect PPRV RNA, and the sequence of the obtained RNA was analyzed phylogenetically. Moreover, all the samples were positive for the presence of PPRV and belonged to lineage IV. The isolates had high homology with each other and with the isolates from different countries. To inhibit the entrance of new isolates to Iran and reduce the incidence of outbreaks in Iran, it is essential to control the animals’ movement across the borders and increase the vaccination coverage throughout the country. To eradicate PPR, an extensive vaccination program should cover small ruminant populations throughout the country.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_121555_1c752f2a337109c4210233f0a14b4b47.pdf
2021-03-01
161
166
10.22092/ari.2019.126677.1351
Goat
Iran
Lineage
Peste des Petits Ruminants
phylogenetic
RT-PCR
N
Alidadi
nalidadi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
L
Aghaeean
mahsaaghaee@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Z
ZiafatiKafi
zahra.ziafati@gmail.com
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M
Hamedi
hamedimona42@yahoo.com
4
Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
5
Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
6
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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