ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Thermostable Vaccine for Newcastle Disease Produced by the Razi Institute on Backyard Poultry in Iran during 2015
Newcastle disease causes many economic losses to the poultry industry in most countries. This disease is endemic in Iran. Backyard poultry is considered the reservoir of Newcastle virus; however, there is either no vaccination program against Newcastle, or it is performed in a restricted manner. Commercial live vaccines are inactive and sensitive to temperature; moreover, vaccine delivery to villages and remote areas requires special equipment and high cost to maintain the cold chain. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a thermostable Newcastle vaccine produced by the Razi Institute (ND.TR.IR) on the backyard poultry. In four provinces, at least 4 villages were selected as the treatment group, and the same number was selected as the control group. At least, 30 birds were sampled in each village. In each group, blood samples were collected before vaccination and 2 weeks later, and the serum titer of the samples was examined with the haemagglutination inhibition test. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the sample titers at the rural level were compared using paired t-test before and after vaccination in each group. Moreover, Repeated Measures ANOVA was utilized to compare the vaccinated and control groups in terms of the titer changes before and after vaccination. In this study, 584 and 389 samples were taken from the treatment (53 households in 20 villages) and control groups (33 households in 14 villages). The mean serum titer values of Newcastle were 4.51±3.03 and 6.64±2.48 in the treatment group before and after vaccination, respectively (p <0.001). The increase in mean titer of the treatment group (2.31 log) was statistically higher than that in the control group (0.66 log) (p <0.001). Out of 584 birds, 517 (88.5%) ones had titer above 3 in the second turn in the treatment group. The thermostable vaccine (ND.TR.IR) produced by the Razi institute is suitable for backyard poultry, which immunizes them against Newcastle disease. Appropriate vaccination programs for backyard poultry should be made; moreover, vaccination of backyard poultry can be effective in preventing the circulation of the field viruses.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120972_a2d1bd3b1ccb1a9d012f43e05bc41a25.pdf
2020-03-01
1
7
10.22092/ari.2018.120709.1199
Backyard poultry
Effectiveness
Haemagglutination inhibition (HI)
ND.TR.IR vaccine
Newcastle disease
M.H.
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
1
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.A.
Ghafouri
saghafouri@yahoo.com
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Shoushtari
hamid1342ir@yahoo.com
3
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Tehrani
farshad43@gmail.com
4
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Masoudi
s.masoudi@rvsri.ac.ir
5
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Abdoshah
m.abdoshah@rvsri.ac.ir
6
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Amir Hajloo
amir.hajlous@ivo.ir
7
Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Shabani
maryamshabani1346@gmail.com
8
Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases, Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abah, H., Abdu, P.A., Sa’idu, L., 2017. Vaccination of chickens with thermostable newcastle disease vaccine I2 coated on processed grains and offals scholars. J Agr Vet Sci 4, 138-145.
1
Abdoshah, M., Pourbakhsh, S., Peighambari, S., Shojadoost, B., Momayez, R., Mojahedi, Z., 2012. Pathogenicity indices of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iranian poultry flocks in Iran. J Vet Res 67, 159-164.
2
Adwar, T., Lukesova, D., 2008. Evaluation of thermostable vaccines against Newcastle disease in village chicken used in tropics and subtropics. Agric Trop Subtrop 41, 74-79.
3
Alders, R., Spradbrow, P., 2001. Controlling Newcastle disease in village chickens: a field manual, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Australian.
4
Alders, R.G., 2014. Making Newcastle disease vaccines available at village level. Vet Record 174, 502-503.
5
Alexander, D., 1995. The epidemiology and control of avian influenza and Newcastle disease. J Compar Pathol 112, 105-126.
6
Awan, M.A., Otte, M., James, A., 1994. The epidemiology of Newcastle disease in rural poultry: a review. Avian Pathol 23, 405-423.
7
Bell, J., Fotzo, T., Amara, A., Agbede, G., 1995. A field trial of the heat resistant V4 vaccine against Newcastle disease by eye-drop inoculation in village poultry in Cameroon. Prev Vet Med 25, 19-25.
8
Bensink, Z., Spradbrow, P., 1999. Newcastle disease virus strain I2–a prospective thermostable vaccine for use in developing countries. Vet Microbiol 68, 131-139.
9
Dimitrov, K.M., Afonso, C.L., Yu, Q., Miller, P.J., 2017. Newcastle disease vaccines—A solved problem or a continuous challenge? Vet Microbiol 206, 126-136.
10
Hosseini, H., Langeroudi, A.G., Torabi, R., 2014. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Iran, 2010–2012. Avian Dis 58, 373-376.
11
Jagne, J., Aini, I., Schat, K., Fennell, A., Touray, O., 1991. Vaccination of village chickens in The Gambia against Newcastle disease using the heat‐resistant, food‐pelleted V4 vaccine. Avian Pathol 20, 721-724.
12
Mehrabadi, M.F., Bahonar, A., Marandi, M.V., Sadrzadeh, A., Tehrani, F., Salman, M., 2016. Sero-survey of Avian Influenza in backyard poultry and wild bird species in Iran—2014. Prev Vet Med 128, 1-5.
13
Najjari, A.A., Nili, H., Asasi, K., Mosleh, N., Rohollahzadeh, H., Mokhayeri, S., 2017. Efficacy of thermostable I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine compared to B1 commercial vaccine in broiler chicken. Iran J Vet Res 18, 103-107.
14
OIE, A., 2017. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, Office international des epizooties, Paris, France.
15
Saif, Y., Fadly, A., Glisson, J., McDougald, L., 2008. Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxoviruses, and pneumovirus infections. Dis Poultry 2, 75-93.
16
Van Borm, S., Thomas, I., Hanquet, G., Lambrecht, B., Boschmans, M., Dupont, G., et al., 2005. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in smuggled Thai eagles, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 11, 702-705.
17
Van Boven, M., Bouma, A., Fabri, T.H., Katsma, E., Hartog, L., Koch, G., 2008. Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination. Avian Pathol 37, 1-5.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Trend of Changes in the Titer of Antibody against Avian Influenza Virus H9n2 during Raising Period in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Broiler Farms in Qazvin Province, Iran: A Cohort Study
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 is endemic in Iran and its large-scale circulation in the poultry industry of the country is devastating. This virus was first reported in the industrial poultry populations of Iran in July 1998. Some of the published studies showed that inactivated avian influenza (AI) vaccines are capable of inducing an immune response and providing protection against morbidity and mortality in different countries (Vasfi et al., 2002; Tavakkoli et al., 2011). Low pathogenicity avian influenza subtype H9N2 virus has been reported to have a zoonotic potential and widespread distribution in Iran. Therefore, water-in-oil emulsion vaccines are employed to control the disease in chickens (Nili and Asasi, 2003). This cohort study was conducted during July 2016-November 2017 in broiler chicken farms of Qazvin province, Iran to investigate the serological change trends in broiler chickens in this region. Level of immunity against the H9N2 virus was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Fifteen farms out of thirty enrolled units used AI H9N2 killed vaccines. The minimum of mean antibody titers (MATs) was 4.54-2.42 and the maximum of MATs was 4.54+2.42 on day 3. In addition, the minimum and maximum MATs on day 50 were 0.4-0.64 and 0.4+0.064, respectively. The transfer rate of H9N2 AIV antibodies from the serum of breeders to the serum of chickens was calculated as 60.35% in our study. A significant difference was revealed between the maternal mean antibody titers (MMATs) and the MATs on day 3 (p <0.001). In addition, the difference between the MATs on day 3 and the MATs on day 10 was found to be significant (p <0.01). Moreover, MATs were significantly different between the vaccinated and unvaccinated herds on day 40 (p <0.05), while no significant difference was observed on days 3, 10, 20, and 30 (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, antibody titers in the vaccinated farms did not reach the protective level until the end of the rearing period. Most of the unvaccinated herds experienced a spurt in antibody titers due to exposure to the virus. Consequently, biosecurity measures must be implemented more seriously and strictly in broiler farms.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120971_9b0565938b8da712cd56546230ff1c56.pdf
2020-03-01
9
16
10.22092/ari.2018.120089.1183
Antibody titer
broiler farms
H9N2 avian influenza virus
Iran
K.
Mirzaie
dr.mirzaiee@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Shoushtari
hamid1342ir@yahoo.com
2
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Bokaie
sbokaie@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.H.
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
4
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
S.M.
Peighambari
mpeigham@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alexander, D.J., 2000. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Vet Microbiol 74, 3-13.
1
Chen, H., Smith, G.J., Li, K.S., Wang, J., Fan, X.H., Rayner, J.M., et al., 2006. Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: implications for pandemic control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 2845-2850.
2
Fallah Mehrabadi, M., Bahonar, A., Tehrani, F., Vasfimarandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Ghafouri, S., et al., 2015. Avian influenza H9N2 seroepidemiological survey in rural domestic poultry of Iran. Iran J Epidemiol 10, 1-8.
3
Fallah Mehrabadi, M.H., Bahonar, A.R., Vasfi Marandi, M., Sadrzadeh, A., Tehrani, F., Salman, M.D., 2016. Sero-survey of Avian Influenza in backyard poultry and wild bird species in Iran-2014. Prev Vet Med 128, 1-5.
4
Fatima, Z., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M., Muhammad, K., Khwaja, K.N., Khan, A., et al., 2017. Cross sectional survey of live bird markets, and zoo birds for circulating influenza subtypes in Pakistan. Pak Vet J 37, 185-189.
5
Gharaibeh, S., Mahmoud, K., Al-Natour, M., 2008. Field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer to a group of pathogens in meat-type chickens. Poult Sci 87, 1550-1555.
6
Gu, M., Xu, L., Wang, X., Liu, X., 2017. Current situation of H9N2 subtype avian influenza in China. Vet Res 48, 49.
7
Guan, Y., Shortridge, K.F., Krauss, S., Chin, P.S., Dyrting, K.C., Ellis, T.M., et al., 2000. H9N2 influenza viruses possessing H5N1-like internal genomes continue to circulate in poultry in southeastern China. J Virol 74, 9372-9380.
8
Guan, Y., Shortridge, K.F., Krauss, S., Webster, R.G., 1999. Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the "internal" genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 9363-9367.
9
Guo, Y., Li, J., Cheng, X., 1999. [Discovery of men infected by avian influenza A (H9N2) virus]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 13, 105-108.
10
Hadipour, M., Golchin, P., 2011. Serosurvey of H9N2 avian influenza virus during respiratory disease outbreaks in broiler flocks in Dezful, southern Iran. Bulg J Vet Med 14, 62-65.
11
Hadipour, M.M., Habibi, G., Vosoughi, A., 2011. Prevalence of antibodies to H9N2 avian influenza virus in backyard chickens around Maharlou lake in Iran. Pak Vet J 31, 192-194.
12
Homme, P.J., Easterday, B.C., 1970. Avian influenza virus infections. IV. Response of pheasants, ducks, and geese to influenza A-turkey-Wisconsin-1966 virus. Avian Dis 14, 285-290.
13
Kimble, J.B., Sorrell, E., Shao, H., Martin, P.L., Perez, D.R., 2011. Compatibility of H9N2 avian influenza surface genes and 2009 pandemic H1N1 internal genes for transmission in the ferret model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 12084-12088.
14
Lee, C.W., Senne, D.A., Suarez, D.L., 2004. Effect of vaccine use in the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus. J Virol 78, 8372-8381.
15
Li, X., Shi, J., Guo, J., Deng, G., Zhang, Q., Wang, J., et al., 2014. Genetics, receptor binding property, and transmissibility in mammals of naturally isolated H9N2 Avian Influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog 10, e1004508.
16
Lupiani, B., Reddy, S.M., 2009. The history of avian influenza. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 32, 311-323.
17
Maas, R., Rosema, S., van Zoelen, D., Venema, S., 2011. Maternal immunity against avian influenza H5N1 in chickens: limited protection and interference with vaccine efficacy. Avian Pathol 40, 87-92.
18
Mehrabadi, M.H.F., Bahonar, A., Mirzaei, K., Molouki, A., Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A., Ghafouri, S.A., et al., 2018. Prevalence of avian influenza (H9N2) in commercial quail, partridge, and turkey farms in Iran, 2014-2015. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 677-682.
19
Nili, H., Asasi, K., 2003. Avian influenza (H9N2) outbreak in Iran. Avian Dis 47, 828-831.
20
OIE, A., 2016. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, Office international des epizooties, Paris, France.
21
RahimiRad, S., Alizadeh, A., Alizadeh, E., Hosseini, S.M., 2016. The avian influenza H9N2 at avian-human interface: A possible risk for the future pandemics. J Res Med Sci 21, 51-51.
22
Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Davison, S., Suarez, D.L., 2003. Sequence analysis of recent H7 avian influenza viruses associated with three different outbreaks in commercial poultry in the United States. J Virol 77, 13399-13402.
23
Sun, Y., Pu, J., Fan, L., Sun, H., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., et al., 2012. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a commercial vaccine against different antigenic groups of H9N2 influenza viruses in chickens. Vet Microbiol 156, 193-199.
24
Swayne, D., Saif, Y., Barnes, H.J., Glisson, J., Fadly, A., McDougald, L., 2013. Diseases of poultry, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, New York.
25
Swayne, D.E., 2009. Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 32, 351-363.
26
Tavakkoli, H., Asasi, K., Mohammadi, A., 2011. Effectiveness of two H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza conventional inactivated oil emulsion vaccines on H9N2 viral replication and shedding in broiler chickens. Iran J Vet Res 12, 214-221.
27
Trampel, D.W., Zhou, E.M., Yoon, K.J., Koehler, K.J., 2006. Detection of antibodies in serum and egg yolk following infection of chickens with an H6N2 avian influenza virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 18, 437-442.
28
Vasfi, M., Bozorgmehri, F., Hassani, T., Kerdabadi, M., Charkhkar, S., Farahmandi, M., 2000. Serological monitoring of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies in a multi aged layer farm following avian influenza outbreak due to H9N2 sub-serotype in 1998 in Iran. J Facul Vet Med Univ Tehran 55, 73-81.
29
Vasfi, M.M., Bozorg, M.M., Hashemzadeh, M., 2002. Efficacy of inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine against non-highly pathogenic A/Chicken/Iran/ZMT-173/1999 infection. Arch Razi Institute 53, 23-32.
30
Zhang, A., Lai, H., Xu, J., Huang, W., Liu, Y., Zhao, D., et al., 2017. Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of Poly I:C as an Adjuvant for H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza Inactivated Vaccine and Its Mechanism of Action in Ducks. PLoS One 12, e0170681
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development and Evaluation of Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Quantitative and Qualitative Recognition of H5 Subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) affect a wide range of birds and mammals, cause severe economic damage to the poultry industry, and pose a serious threat to humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) H5N1 were first identified in Southeast Asia in 1996 and spread to four continents over the following years. The viruses have caused high mortality in chickens and various bird species and deadly infections in humans. Multiple conventional methods have been so far introduced for the detection and identification of avian influenza viruses. Traditional virus isolation methods are gold standard protocol in AI detection; nonetheless, virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs (ECE) is not a rapid method for the detection of influenza viruses since it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Furthermore, the isolation of highly pathogenic viruses, such as H5, needs BSL3 laboratories. Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RRT-PCR) is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of influenza viruses. The application of these nucleic acid-based techniques has increased our ability to identify and perform influenza virus care programs, especially in surveillance programs. The current study aimed to detect H5 subtype of avian influenza (AI) virus using fast, specific, and sensitive TaqMan RRT-PCR. Notably, single step RRT-PCR was used to prevent possible laboratory contamination. The specificity of this test was evaluated using nucleic acid extracted from several poultry pathogenic microorganisms and negative clinical specimens from AI-uninfected birds. The sensitivity analysis of the RRT-PCR assay was performed using in vitro-transcribed RNA copy and 10-fold serial dilution of standard AI virus with specific titer. The results indicated the high sensitivity of this method and the lowest detectable dilution of this method based on RNA copies and 1:10 serial dilutions of the standard virus was 10 1.9 EID50 /100.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120973_0f9eec3bc1fdbf3c4de54839010a69eb.pdf
2020-03-01
17
22
10.22092/ari.2019.120821.1201
H5
avian influenza virus
Real-time RT-PCR
S.G.
Mirzaei
s.mirzaei@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Poultry Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Shoushtari
hamid1342ir@yahoo.com
2
Department of Poultry Diseases Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Noori
3
Development and Evaluation of Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Quantitative and Qualitative Recognition of H5 Subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses
AUTHOR
Abdelwhab, E.S.M., Arafa, A.S., Erfan, A.M., Aly, M.M., Hafez, H.M., 2010. Modified H5 real-time reverse transcriptase–PCR oligonucleotides for detection of divergent avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Egypt. Avian Dis 54, 1301-1305.
1
Coker, T., Meseko, C., Odaibo, G., Olaleye, D., 2014. Circulation of the low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N2 virus in ducks at a live bird market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Infect Dis Poverty 3, 38.
2
Elvinger, F., Akey, B.L., Senne, D.A., Pierson, F.W., Porter-Spalding, B.A., Spackman, E., et al., 2007. Characteristics of diagnostic tests used in the 2002 low-pathogenicity avian influenza H7N2 outbreak in Virginia. J Vet Diagn Invest 19, 341-348.
3
Fouchier, R.A., Munster, V., Wallensten, A., Bestebroer, T.M., Herfst, S., Smith, D., et al., 2005. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J Virol 79, 2814-2822.
4
Heine, H., Trinidad, L., Selleck, P., Lowther, S., 2007. Rapid detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus by TaqMan reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Avian Dis 51, 370-372.
5
Hoffmann, B., Harder, T., Starick, E., Depner, K., Werner, O., Beer, M., 2007. Rapid and highly sensitive pathotyping of avian influenza A H5N1 virus by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 45, 600-603.
6
Kim, H.R., Oem, J.K., Bae, Y.C., Kang, M.S., Lee, H.S., Kwon, Y.K., 2013. Application of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to the detection the matrix, H5 and H7 genes of avian influenza viruses in field samples from South Korea. Virol J 10, 85.
7
Lee, C.W., Suarez, D.L., 2004. Application of real-time RT-PCR for the quantitation and competitive replication study of H5 and H7 subtype avian influenza virus. J Viroll Methods 119, 151-158.
8
Monne, I., Ormelli, S., Salviato, A., De Battisti, C., Bettini, F., Salomoni, A., et al., 2008. Development and validation of a one-step real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of subtype H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses. J Clin Microbiol 46, 1769-1773.
9
OIE, A., 2016. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Office International Des Epizooties, Paris, France, pp. 1092-1106.
10
Parmley, E.J., Bastien, N., Booth, T.F., Bowes, V., Buck, P.A., Breault, A., et al., 2008. Wild bird influenza survey, Canada, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis 14, 84.
11
Pasick, J., 2008. Advances in the molecular based techniques for the diagnosis and characterization of avian influenza virus infections. Transbound Emerg Dis 55, 329-338.
12
Slomka, M., Pavlidis, T., Banks, J., Shell, W., McNally, A., Essen, S., et al., 2007. Validated H5 Eurasian real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and its application in H5N1 outbreaks in 2005–2006. Avian Dis 51, 373-377.
13
Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Myers, T., Bulaga, L.L., Garber, L.P., Perdue, M.L., et al., 2002. Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol 40, 3256-3260.
14
Wang, R., Taubenberger, J.K., 2010. Methods for molecular surveillance of influenza. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 8, 517-527.
15
Zhang, Z., Liu, D., Sun, W., Liu, J., He, L., Hu, J., et al., 2017. Multiplex one-step Real-time PCR by Taqman-MGB method for rapid detection of pan and H5 subtype avian influenza viruses. PloS One 12, e0178634.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Live Infectious Bronchitis 793/B.08IR Vaccine in SPF Chickens
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has a variety of serotypes with relatively limited cross-protection leading the disease to be a major problem in the poultry industry. The IBV 793/B strain has identified to circulate in Iran; therefore, the development of a specific vaccine to protect against the virulent virus has received attention. In this regard, the live IB 793/B vaccine (793/B.08IR) was developed in the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. In this study, the immunogenicity of 793/B.08IR vaccine via different routes of vaccination and efficacy of the vaccine were determined in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Three treatment groups of 10 SPF chickens received the vaccine via eye drops, spray, and drinking water. The sera were collected from the chicks at 3 and 6 weeks after the vaccination, and IBV specific antibody was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum neutralization (SN) test. To evaluate 793/B.08IR vaccine efficacy, 10 SPF chickens were vaccinated using eye drops. Moreover, 10 unvaccinated chickens were separately retained as negative controls. The birds were challenged with the virulent virus 3 weeks following the vaccination. Five days after the challenge, the tracheal swab was taken for virus reisolation. In the immunogenicity test, the ELISA titers of three vaccinated groups were significantly higher than the background values obtained in the control group (p <0.0001). The mean value of ELISA titer in the spray vaccinated group was higher than the spray and drinking water vaccinated groups 3 weeks following the vaccination; however, the difference was not statistically significant. No differences were observed in antibody titers among the three vaccinated groups 6 weeks after the vaccination. The results of the SN test confirmed the data obtained from the ELISA. The results of antibody titer and its increasing trend in chickens showed that 793/B.08IR vaccine induce proper immunity against the virus. In the efficacy test, IBV was isolated from 90% of the unvaccinated controls and 10% of vaccinated groups. The results of the recovery of the virus after the challenge showed that 793/B.08IR vaccine can provide a significantly improved protection against the pathogen in SPF vaccinated chickens.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120981_bdbf9b58bd914429dd86eb4c38a17919.pdf
2020-03-01
23
30
10.22092/ari.2019.124720.1286
IBV vaccine
793/B strain
Immunogenicity
Efficacy
SPF
S.
Masoudi
s.masoudi@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of production of Infectious Bronchitis and Encephalomyelytis Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
L.
Pishraft Sabet
lp_sabet@yahoo.com
2
Department of production of Infectious Bronchitis and Encephalomyelytis Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Shahsavadi
s.shahsavandi@rvsri.ac.ir
3
Department of production of Infectious Bronchitis and Encephalomyelytis Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Aghakhan, S., Abshar, N., Fereidouni, S.R.N., Marunesi, C., Khodashenas, M., 1994. Studies on avian viral infections in Iran. Arch Razi Ins 44,45, 1-10.
1
Ammayappan, A., Upadhyay, C., Gelb, J., Jr., Vakharia, V.N., 2008. Complete genomic sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus Ark DPI strain and its evolution by recombination. Virol J 5, 157.
2
Azad, G., Marandi, M., Aminae, H., 2005. Detection and molecular characterisation of infectious bronchitis viruses by RT-PCR/RFLP and sequencing. Abstract Book of 14th WVP Congress, p. 136.
3
Bochkov, Y.A., Tosi, G., Massi, P., Drygin, V.V., 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of partial S1 and N gene sequences of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Italy revealed genetic diversity and recombination. Virus Genes 35, 65-71.
4
Boltz, D.A., Nakai, M., Bahra, J.M., 2004. Avian infectious bronchitis virus: a possible cause of reduced fertility in the rooster. Avian Dis 48, 909-915.
5
Casais, R., Dove, B., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P., 2003. Recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene demonstrates that the spike protein is a determinant of cell tropism. J Virol 77, 9084-9089.
6
Cavanagh, D., 2005. Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. Avian Pathol 34, 439-448.
7
Cavanagh, D., 2007. Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Vet Res 38, 281-297.
8
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P.J., Cook, J.K., Li, D., Kant, A., Koch, G., 1992. Location of the amino acid differences in the S1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol 21, 33-43.
9
Cavanagh, D., Naqi, S., 2003. Infectious bronchitis. Dis Poultry 11, 101-119.
10
Chhabra, R., Forrester, A., Lemiere, S., Awad, F., Chantrey, J., Ganapathy, K., 2015. Mucosal, Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain. Clin Vaccine Immunol 22, 1050-1059.
11
Cook, J.K., Jackwood, M., Jones, R.C., 2012. The long view: 40 years of infectious bronchitis research. Avian Pathol 41, 239-250.
12
Cook, J.K., Orbell, S.J., Woods, M.A., Huggins, M.B., 1999. Breadth of protection of the respiratory tract provided by different live-attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines against challenge with infectious bronchitis viruses of heterologous serotypes. Avian Pathol 28, 477-485.
13
De Wit, J.J., 2000. Detection of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol 29, 71-93.
14
Franzo, G., Tucciarone, C.M., Blanco, A., Nofrarias, M., Biarnes, M., Cortey, M., et al., 2016. Effect of different vaccination strategies on IBV QX population dynamics and clinical outbreaks. Vaccine 34, 5670-5676.
15
Geerligs, H.J., Boelm, G.J., Meinders, C.A., Stuurman, B.G., Symons, J., Tarres-Call, J., et al., 2011. Efficacy and safety of an attenuated live QX-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a vaccine for chickens. Avian Pathol 40, 93-102.
16
Hosseini, A.S., Momayez, R., Mahmodzadeh, M., Yosefi, A.A., 2013. Detection of 793/B serotype of infection bronchitis virus from broiler flocks with respiratory signs in west of Mazandran province. J Vet Clin Res 4, 91-97.
17
Jackwood, M.W., Hilt, D.A., Lee, C.W., Kwon, H.M., Callison, S.A., Moore, K.M., et al., 2005. Data from 11 years of molecular typing infectious bronchitis virus field isolates. Avian Dis 49, 614-618.
18
Jeurissen, S.H., Boonstra-Blom, A.G., Al-Garib, S.O., Hartog, L., Koch, G., 2000. Defence mechanisms against viral infection in poultry: a review. Vet Q 22, 204-208.
19
Lee, E.K., Jeon, W.J., Lee, Y.J., Jeong, O.M., Choi, J.G., Kwon, J.H., et al., 2008. Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolates in Korea between 2003 and 2006. Avian Dis 52, 332-337.
20
Malo, A., Orbell, S., Huggins, M., Woods, M., Cook, J., 1998. Cross protection studies after the use of live-attenuated IBV vaccines Nobilis® IB 4-91 and Nobilis® IB Ma5 (Massachusetts type). Intervet VSD Newslett 17, 1-6.
21
Mohammadi, P., Karimi, V., Hashemzadeh, M., Ghalyanchi, L.A., Ghafouri, S., Khaltabadi, F.R., et al., 2014. Combination of H120 and 793/B Types of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Protects Chickens against Challenge with OX Like Strain of the Virus. Iran J Virol 8, 20-24.
22
Momayez, R., Pourbakhsh, S., Khodashenas, M., Banani, M., 2002. Isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis virus from commericial chickens. Arch Razi Ins 53, 1-10.
23
OIE, A., 2013. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Office international des epizooties, Paris, France.
24
Poorbaghi, S.L., Mohammadi, A., Asasi, K., 2012. Molecular detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus serotypes from clinically suspected broiler chicken flocks in Fars province of Iran. Pak Vet J 32, 93-96.
25
Purswell, J.L., Mayer, J.J., Evans, J.D., Branton, S.L., Davis, J.D., 2010. Eye surface area and dosage rates for spray vaccination. Avian Dis 54, 1310-1315.
26
Raj, G.D., Jones, R.C., 1997. Infectious bronchitis virus: Immunopathogenesis of infection in the chicken. Avian Pathol 26, 677-706.
27
Seyfi Abad Shapouri, M.R., Mayahi, M., Assasi, K., Charkhkar, S., 2004. A survey of the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus type 4/91 in Iran. Acta Vet Hung 52, 163-166.
28
Shapouri, S., Mayahi, M., Charkhkar, S., Assasi, K., 2002. Serotype identification of recent iranian isolates of infectious bronchitis virus by type-specific multiplex RT-PCR. Arch Razi Ins 53, 79-85.
29
Shirzad, M.R., Asasi, K., Mohammadi, A., 2012. Efficacy of vaccination programmes using two commercial live infectious bronchitis vaccines against a field IRFIB 32 strain. Bulgarian J Vet Med 15, 260-272.
30
Sjaak de Wit, J.J., Cook, J.K., van der Heijden, H.M., 2011. Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. Avian Pathol 40, 223-235.
31
Tarpey, I., Orbell, S.J., Britton, P., Casais, R., Hodgson, T., Lin, F., et al., 2006. Safety and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus used for chicken embryo vaccination. Vaccine 24, 6830-6838.
32
Terregino, C., Toffan, A., Beato, M.S., De Nardi, R., Vascellari, M., Meini, A., et al., 2008. Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes. Avian Pathol 37, 487-493.
33
Vaccination, 2019. PoultryHub. Available at: http://www. poultryhub.org/health/health-management/ vaccination/.
34
van Ginkel, F.W., van Santen, V.L., Gulley, S.L., Toro, H., 2008. Infectious bronchitis virus in the chicken Harderian gland and lachrymal fluid: viral load, infectivity, immune cell responses, and effects of viral immunodeficiency. Avian Dis 52, 608-617.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Thermostable Newcastle Disease Virus Strain I-2 in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Highly Virulent Newcastle Virus
Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to poultry industry production throughout developing countries. The Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) infecting industrialized and indigenous poultry in Iran are velogenic strains and responsible for the frequent outbreaks of ND in poultry farms even in vaccinated flocks causing serious economic losses in the commercial and indigenous poultry. However, vaccination is the only way to protect against endemic ND, and the conventional vaccines are not heat stable and consequently require complex cold-chains to be transferred to users leading to not much resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of thermostable NDV strain I-2 in broiler chickens vaccinated via drinking water and coated on oiled wheat grain. The horizontal transmission of I-2 strain and transmission of disease from vaccinated to unvaccinated chickens were also evaluated in this study. The obtained results showed that both routes of administration, following primary and/or secondary dose, provoked the production of necessary antibody titer and adequate protective immunity in broiler chickens. Moreover, the horizontal transmission of I-2 strain from vaccinated to unvaccinated chickens housed together induced an antibody response and protected unvaccinated chickens against a local field isolate of a virulent strain of NDV (The intravenous pathogenicity index 2.46, mean death time 59 h). Nevertheless, all unvaccinated and Newcastle challenged broilers chickens against the NDV died in this study. It is noteworthy that the transmission of the virus from challenged broiler chickens was very low to induce clinical signs in susceptible chickens. The obtained results of this study revealed the efficacy of NDV strain I-2 coated on the oiled wheat and via drinking water as it protects broiler chickens from highly virulent NDV.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120975_b5238e5bb66927528876cc533fa0de82.pdf
2020-03-01
31
37
10.22092/ari.2019.122830.1228
Newcastle disease
Thermostable strain
Strain I-2
Broiler chicken
H.
Habibi
h.habibi@pgu.ac.ir
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Firuzi
s.firouzi@gmail.com
2
Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Nili
hassanili@yahoo.com
3
Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Asasi
asasi@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Mosleh
nmosleh@shirazu.ac.ir
5
Avian Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdi, R.D., Amsalu, K., Merera, O., Asfaw, Y., Gelaye, E., Yami, M., et al., 2016. Serological response and protection level evaluation in chickens exposed to grains coated with I2 Newcastle disease virus for effective oral vaccination of village chickens. BMC Vet Res 12, 150.
1
Alexander, D.J., 2001. Gordon memorial lecture. Newcastle disease. Br Poult Sci 42, 5-22.
2
Allan, W.H., Gough, R.E., 1976. A comparison between the haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests for Newcastle disease. Res Vet Sci 20, 101-103.
3
Bensink, Z., Spradbrow, P., 1999. Newcastle disease virus strain I2–a prospective thermostable vaccine for use in developing countries. Vet Microbiol 68, 131-139.
4
Costa-Hurtado, M., Afonso, C.L., Miller, P.J., Shepherd, E., Cha, R.M., Smith, D., et al., 2015. Previous infection with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus reduces highly pathogenic avian influenza virus replication, disease, and mortality in chickens. Vet Res 46, 97.
5
Echeonwu, G., Iroegbu, C., Echeonwu, B., Ngene, A., Olabode, A., Okeke, O., et al., 2007. Delivery of thermostable Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine to chickens with broken millet grains as the vehicle. Afr J Biotechnol 6, 2694-2699.
6
Habibi, H., Nili, H., Asasi, K., Mosleh, N., Firouzi, S., Mohammadi, M., 2015. Efficacy and transmissibility of Newcastle disease I-2 vaccine strain against a field isolate of virulent ND virus (JF820294.1) in village chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 47, 73-78.
7
Jayawardane, G.W., Spradbrow, P.B., 1995. Mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated with the V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus. Vet Microbiol 46, 69-77.
8
Lawal, J., El-Yuguda, A., Ibrahim, U., 2016. Efficacy of feed coated Newcastle disease i2 vaccine in village chickens in Gombe State, Nigeria. J Vet Sci Technol 7, 349.
9
Sarcheshmei, M., Dadras, H., Mosleh, N., Mehrabanpour, M., 2016. Comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy of different vaccination programs against a virulent field strain of the Newcastle Disease virus in broilers. Braz J Poul Sci 18, 363-370.
10
Shabbir, M.Z., Zohari, S., Yaqub, T., Nazir, J., Shabbir, M.A., Mukhtar, N., et al., 2013. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan: a countrywide perspective. Virol J 10, 170.
11
Spradbrow, P., Copland, J., 1996. Production of thermostable Newcastle disease vaccines in developing countries. Prev Vet Med 2, 157-159.
12
Spradbrow, P.B., Samuel, J.L., 1991. Oral Newcastle disease vaccination with V4 virus in chickens: comparison with other routes. Aust Vet J 68, 114-115.
13
van Boven, M., Bouma, A., Fabri, T.H., Katsma, E., Hartog, L., Koch, G., 2008. Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination. Avian Pathol 37, 1-5.
14
Wambura, P., Kapaga, A., Hyera, J., 2000. Experimental trials with a thermostable Newcastle disease virus (strain I2) in commercial and village chickens in Tanzania. Prev Vet Med 43, 75-83.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Ixodid Tick Species in Iran
The present study was conducted as the first molecular detection of Anaplasma species in tick samples based on the sequencing of major surface proteins 4 (msp4) gene fragments in different parts of Iran. A total of 130 tick specimens were collected from Hormozgan, Lorestan, and Guilan, Iran, within 2015 to 2017. Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma dromedarii, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species were identified in different geographical regions. An amplicon of 464-bp msp4 of Anaplasma was amplified using polymerase chain reaction in various tick species. Three sequences, including one Anaplasma marginale from R. (Boophilus) species and two Anaplasma ovis from Rhipicephalus sanguineus, were obtained after sequencing. It is concluded that bovine and ovine anaplasmosis agents are present in tick samples in Iran. The use of the gene families of six major surface proteins for the detection of various Anaplasma species is recommended.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120979_c3a5943d3b826b1ac76760001f097ab6.pdf
2020-03-01
39
46
10.22092/ari.2019.122532.1259
Anaplasma
Phylogenetic tree
msp4
Iran
Tick
A.
Hosseini-Chegeni
hosseinichegeni@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Tavakoli
majid.tavakoli43@gmail.com
2
Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Gh.
Goudarzi
goudarzi.gh@gmail.com
3
Department of Medical Microbiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Z.
Telmadarraiy
telmadarraiy@tums.ac.ir
4
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Sharifdini
sharifdini@gums.ac.ir
5
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Faghihi
faezefaghihi@yahoo.com
6
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.K.
Ghanbari
7
Department of National Program of Zoonotic Disease, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdela, N., Ibrahim, N., Begna, F., 2018. Prevalence, risk factors and vectors identification of bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis in and around Jimma town, Southwestern Ethiopia. Acta Trop 177, 9-18.
1
Ahmadi, H.M., Khaki, Z., Rahbari, S., Kazemi, B., Bandehpour, M., 2009. Molecular identification of anaplasmosis in goats using a new PCR-RFLP method. Iran J Vet Res 10, 367-372.
2
Al-Khalifa, M., Hussein, H., Diab, F., Khalil, G., 2009. Blood parasites of livestock in certain Regions in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 16, 63-67.
3
Antunes, S., Ferrolho, J., Domingues, N., Santos, A., Santos-Silva, M., Domingos, A., 2016. Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in questing ticks from Portugal. Exp Appl Acarol 70, 79-88.
4
Aubry, P., Geale, D., 2011. A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 58, 1-30.
5
Bilgic, H.B., Bakırcı, S., Kose, O., Unlu, A.H., Hacılarlıoglu, S., Eren, H., et al., 2017. Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in small ruminants in Turkey and diagnostic sensitivity of single-PCR and RLB. Parasite0 Vector 10, 211.
6
Birtles, R., 2012. Rickettsiales infections. In: Gavier-Widén, D., Duff, J.P., Meredith, A. (Eds.), Infectious diseases of wild mammals and birds in Europe, Blackwell, Oxford UK, pp. 363-371.
7
Bouckaert, R., Heled, J., Kühnert, D., Vaughan, T., Wu, C.-H., Xie, D., et al., 2014. BEAST 2: a software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLOS Comput. Biol 10, e1003537.
8
Brayton, K.A., 2012. Persistence and antigenic variation. In: Azad, A.F., Palmer, G.H. (Eds.), Intracellular pathogens II: Rickettsiales, American Society of Microbiology, Herndon, Virginia, US, pp. 366-390.
9
Chochlakis, D., Ioannou, I., Tselentis, Y., Psaroulaki, A., 2010. Human anaplasmosis and Anaplasma ovis variant. Emerg Infect Dis 16, 1031-1032.
10
Cui, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Yan, Y., Dong, H., Jian, F., et al., 2018. First confirmed report of outbreak of theileriosis/anaplasmosis in a cattle farm in Henan, China. Acta Trop 177, 207-210.
11
de la Fuente, J., Atkinson, M.W., Naranjo, V., de Mera, I.G.F., Mangold, A.J., Keating, K.A., et al., 2007. Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis strains. Vet Microbiol 119, 375-381.
12
de la Fuente, J., Lew, A., Lutz, H., Meli, M.L., Hofmann-Lehmann, R., Shkap, V., et al., 2005. Genetic diversity of Anaplasma species major surface proteins and implications for anaplasmosis serodiagnosis and vaccine development. Anim Health Res Rev 6, 75-89.
13
de la Fuente, J., Van Den Bussche, R.A., Kocan, K.M., 2001. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of North American isolates of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiaceae: Ehrlichieae). Vet Parasitol 97, 65-76.
14
Doyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L., 1987. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull 19, 11-15.
15
Estrada-Peña, A., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Walker, A.R., 2004. Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region: a guide to identification of species, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza Spain.
16
Futse, J.E., Ueti, M.W., Knowles, D.P., Palmer, G.H., 2003. Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Boophilus microplus: retention of vector competence in the absence of vector-pathogen interaction. J Clin Microbiol 41, 3829-3834.
17
Gouy, M., Guindon, S., Gascuel, O., 2010. SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol Biol Evol 27, 221-224.
18
Hornok, S., Micsutka, A., De Mera, I.F., Meli, M., Gönczi, E., Tánczos, B., et al., 2012. Fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis. Res Vet Sci 92, 30-35.
19
Hosseine-Vasoukolaei, N., Telmadarraiy, Z., Vatandoost, H., Yaghoobi Ershadi, M.R., Hosseine Vasoukolaei, M., Oshaghi, M.A., 2010. Survey of tick species parasiting domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr county, Mazandaran province, Iran. Asian pac J Trop Med, 3, 804-806.
20
Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Hosseine, R., Tavakoli, M., Telmadarraiy, Z., Abdigoudarzi, M., 2013. The Iranian Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) with a key to the identification of male species. Persian J Acarol2, 503–529.
21
Hosseini-Chegeni, A., Tavakoli, M., Telmadarraiy, Z., Sedaghat, M.M., Faghihi, F., 2017. Detection of a Brucella-like (Alphaproteobacteria) Bacterium in Boophilus spp. (Acari: Ixodidae) from Iran. J Med Microbiol Infect Dis 5, 66-68.
22
Hosseini-Vasoukolaei, N., Oshaghi, M.A., Shayan, P., Vatandoost, H., Babamahmoudi, F., Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M.R., et al., 2014. Anaplasma infection in ticks, livestock and human in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran province, Iran. J Arthropod-Borne Dis 8, 204-211.
23
Jabbar, A., Abbas, T., Saddiqi, H.A., Qamar, M.F., Gasser, R.B., 2015. Tick-borne diseases of bovines in Pakistan: major scope for future research and improved control. Parasite Vector 8, 283.
24
Jalali, S., Khaki, Z., Kazemi, B., Bandehpour, M., Rahbari, S., Razi Jalali, M., et al., 2013. Molecular detection and identification of Anaplasma species in sheep from Ahvaz, Iran. Iran J Vet Res 14, 50-56.
25
Kiabi, B.H., Ali Ghaemi, R., Jahanshahi, M., Sassani, A., 2004. Population status, biology and ecology of the Maral, Cervus elaphus maral, in Golestan National Park, Iran. Zool Middle East 33, 125-138.
26
Kocan, K.M., 2001. Anaplasmosis. In: Service, M.W. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of arthropod-transmitted infections of man and domesticated animals, CABI Publishing, New York USA, pp. 28-33.
27
Kocan, K.M., de la Fuente, J., Blouin, E.F., Coetzee, J.F., Ewing, S., 2010. The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet Parasitol 167, 95-107.
28
Kocan, K.M., De La Fuente, J., Blouin, E.F., Garcia-Garcia, J.C., 2002. Adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. Exp Appl Acarol 28, 9-25.
29
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Tamura, K., 2016. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, 1870–1874.
30
Noaman, V., Shayan, P., Amininia, N., 2009. Molecular diagnostic of Anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle. Iran J Parasitol 4, 26-33.
31
Rar, V., Golovljova, I., 2011. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and “Candidatus Neoehrlichia” bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review. Infect Genet Evol 11, 1842-1861.
32
Renneker, S., Abdo, J., Salih, D., Karagenç, T., Bilgiç, H., Torina, A., et al., 2013. Can Anaplasma ovis in small ruminants be neglected any longer? Transbound Emerg Dis 60, 105-112.
33
Spitalska, E., Namavari, M.M., H., H.-M., Shad-del, F., Amrabadi, O.R., Sparagano, O.A.E., 2005. Molecular surveillance of tick-borne diseases in Iranian small ruminants. Small Rum Res 57, 245-248.
34
Telmadarraiy, Z., Chinikar, S., Vatandoost, H., Faghihi, F., Hosseini-Chegeni, A., 2015. Vectors of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis 9, 137–147.
35
Vasilevich, F., Kovalchuk, S., Babiy, A., Arkhipov, A., Arkhipova, A., Glazko, T., et al., 2017. Molecular identification of isolates Anaplasma marginale found in blood of cattle on the territory of Moscow region. Russian J Parasitol 40, 179-182 [In Russian].
36
Waner, T., Mahan, S., Kelly, P., Harrus, S., 2010. Rickettsiales. In: Gyles, C.L., Prescott, J.F., Songer, J.G., Thoen, C.O. (Eds.), Pathogenesis of bacterial infections in animals, Blackwell, Iowa USA, pp. 589-621.
37
Yang, J., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Niu, Q., Ren, Q., et al., 2015. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma spp. in sheep and cattle from Xinjiang, northwest China. Parasite Vector 8, 108.
38
Yousefi, A., Rahbari, S., Shayan, P., Sadeghi-dehkordi, Z., Bahonar, A., 2017. Molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma ovis in sheep and goat in west highland pasture of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 7, 455-459.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Affinity of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolex in Human and Sheep in East Azerbaijan, Iran
Echinococcosis caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) is known as an important zoonotic disease in various parts of the world, including Iran. The genetic diversity of this parasite is very high, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic. It has been suggested in the literature from different parts of the world that diverse factors, such as parasite life cycle, transmission pathways, pathologic disease, immunization, and disease control can be affected by the genetic diversity of the parasite. Various studies indicated sheep strain G1 as the most common genotype throughout the world. This strain is commonly found in the liver and lung repeatedly causing echinococcosis in humans, sheep, and cattle. The present study was conducted to determine the genetic affinity between the protoscolex of E. granulosus in humans and sheep in East Azerbaijan province, Iran for the first time. A total of 120 hydatid cyst samples were collected, 60 of which were from people who referred to the hospitals of East Azerbaijan and 60 were from the sheep slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse. Following DNA extraction, certain regions of the cox1 gene were amplified and evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction. The replicated parts in all isolates had the same size of 450 bp. Electrophoresis was followed by selecting a total of 60 suitable samples, including 30 human samples and 30 sheep samples and sending them for genome sequencing. The overlap of the samples was investigated using the BLAST software. The results of BLAST, sequencing, and overlap demonstrated a genetic linkage of approximately 91.76% between the protoscolex of E. granulosus in human and sheep.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120974_e8bac59a873889ca86d6ed8ccbf4d0a5.pdf
2020-03-01
47
54
10.22092/ari.2018.122733.1227
DNA extraction
Genetic affinity
Hydatid cyst
PCR
Sequencing
S.
Zarrabi Ahrabi
salar.zarrabi1984@gmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Madani
madanirasool@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Shemshadi
bshemshadi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sh.
Ranjbar Bahadori
bahadori@iau-garmsar.ac.ir
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Hashemzadeh Farhang
hfarhang.h@gmail.com
5
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Acha, P.N., Szyfres, B., 2003. Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals, Pan American Health Org, New York, pp. 184-199.
1
Alvarez Rojas, C.A., Romig, T., Lightowlers, M.W., 2014. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans--review of current knowledge. Int J Parasitol 44, 9-18.
2
Bayat, A., Shirazi, S., Zarabi, S., Nejhad-Partovi, A., 2014. The epidemiologic survey of operated patients with haydatid cyst in Emam Reza medical and research and training hospital in Tabriz city during 2011-2012. 6th International Congress of Laboratory and Clinic, Tehran, Iran, pp. 287-294.
3
Boufana, B., Lett, W.S., Lahmar, S., Buishi, I., Bodell, A.J., Varcasia, A., et al., 2015. Echinococcus equinus and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from the United Kingdom: genetic diversity and haplotypic variation. Int J Parasitol 45, 161-166.
4
Bowles, J., Blair, D., McManus, D.P., 1992. Genetic variants within the genus Echinococcus identified by mitochondrial DNA sequencing. Mol Biochem Parasitol 54, 165-173.
5
Casulli, A., Interisano, M., Sreter, T., Chitimia, L., Kirkova, Z., La Rosa, G., et al., 2012. Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Europe inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Infect Genet Evol 12, 377-383.
6
Fasihi Harandi, M., Budke, C.M., Rostami, S., 2012. The monetary burden of cystic echinococcosis in Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6, e1915.
7
John, D.T., Petri, W.A., 2006. Markell and Voge's medical parasitology-e-book, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 287-296.
8
McManus, D., 2002. The molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus and cystic hydatid disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96, S151-S157.
9
Mitrea, I.L., Ionita, M., Costin, II, Predoi, G., Avram, E., Rinaldi, L., et al., 2014. Occurrence and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in naturally infected adult sheep and cattle in Romania. Vet Parasitol 206, 159-166.
10
Neva, F.A., Brown, H.W., 1994. Basic clinical parasitology, Appleton & Lange, New York, USA, pp, 217-224.
11
Nikmanesh, B., Mirhendi, H., Ghalavand, Z., Alebouyeh, M., Sharbatkhori, M., Kia, E., et al., 2014. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolates from human clinical samples based on sequencing of mitochondrial genes in Iran, Tehran. Iran J Parasitol 9, 20-27.
12
Oudni, M., M'Rad, S., Mekki, M., Belguith, M., Cabaret, J., Pratlong, F., et al., 2004. Genetic relationships between sheep, cattle and human Echinococcus infection in Tunisia. Vet Parasitol 121, 95-103.
13
Parsa, F., Fasihi Harandi, M., Rostami, S., Sharbatkhori, M., 2012. Genotyping Echinococcus granulosus from dogs from Western Iran. Exp Parasitol 132, 308-312.
14
Pezeshki, A., Akhlaghi, L., Sharbatkhori, M., Razmjou, E., Oormazdi, H., Mohebali, M., et al., 2013. Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic animals and humans from Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. J Helminthol 87, 387-391.
15
Pissuwan, D., Valenzuela, S.M., Miller, C.M., Cortie, M.B., 2007. A golden bullet? Selective targeting of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites using antibody-functionalized gold nanorods. Nano Lett 7, 3808-3812.
16
Shahnazi, M., Hejazi, H., Salehi, M., Andalib, A.R., 2011. Molecular characterization of human and animal Echinococcus granulosus isolates in Isfahan, Iran. Acta Trop 117, 47-50.
17
Shamsi, M., Dalimi, A., Khosravi, A., Ghafarifar, F., 2016. The phylogenetic similarity of hydatid cyst isolated from humans and sheep in Ilam Province southwest of Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 25, 1221-1226.
18
Spotin, A., Mahami-Oskouei, M., Harandi, M.F., Baratchian, M., Bordbar, A., Ahmadpour, E., et al., 2017. Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus complex in various geographical populations of Iran inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Acta Trop 165, 10-16.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ultrastructural and Echocardiographic Assessment of Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the secondary metabolites of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. It is a common and effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of different diseases, including lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer, and solid tumors. However, this medicine causes cardiotoxic side effects, which limit its clinical application. The present study examined the cardiomyopathy induced by DOX via echocardiography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The main objective was to evaluate the capacity of echocardiography and TEM as diagnostic tools for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Moreover, the correlation between intracellular and functional changes due to cardiotoxicity was assessed in a rat model. Cardiomyopathy was induced in rats by two cumulative doses of DOX. Group I received DOX 12 [i.e., 12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (IP)] and group II received DOX 15 (i.e., 15 mg/kg, IP) in six equal doses over two weeks. Group III as the control (Ctrl) group received normal saline as a vehicle. Mortality during the study was only observed in the DOX 15 group. The echocardiographic assessments revealed significant changes in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and heart rate in the groups which received DOX. In addition, severe cardiac arrhythmia was evident in DOX-treated groups. Remarkable adverse effects, such as moderately degenerated cells and inflated mitochondria were observed in the TEM analysis of rat hearts in the DOX groups. The present study indicated that rat models are suitable for investigating DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, especially at the dose of 12 mg/kg. Furthermore, echocardiography and TEM examinations were found to be valuable methods for the determination of cardiotoxicity in rats due to DOX.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120970_8cb23c7956d1c23aa82b095029b244ff.pdf
2020-03-01
55
62
10.22092/ari.2019.116862.1177
Cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin
Echocardiography
Electron microscopy
Rat Heart
H.
Babaei
babaei42@yahoo.com
1
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Razmaraii
nasserrazmaraii@gmail.com
2
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Gh.
Assadnassab
assadnassabgh@gmail.com
3
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mohajjel Nayebi
nayebia@yahoo.com
4
School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Azarmi
azarmiay@yahoo.com
5
School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
D.
Mohammadnejad
daryoshm44@yahoo.com
6
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Azami
aidaazami20@yahoo.com
7
Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bernard, Y., Ribeiro, N., Thuaud, F., Turkeri, G., Dirr, R., Boulberdaa, M., et al., 2011. Flavaglines alleviate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: implication of Hsp27. PLoS One 6, e25302.
1
Blum, R.H., Carter, S.K., 1974. Adriamycin. A new anticancer drug with significant clinical activity. Ann Intern Med 80, 249-259.
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Bu'Lock, F.A., Gabriel, H.M., Oakhill, A., Mott, M.G., Martin, R.P., 1993. Cardioprotection by ICRF187 against high dose anthracycline toxicity in children with malignant disease. Br Heart J 70, 185-188.
3
Cardinale, D., Bacchiani, G., Beggiato, M., Colombo, A., Cipolla, C.M., 2013. Strategies to prevent and treat cardiovascular risk in cancer patients. Semin Oncol 40, 186-198.
4
Childs, A.C., Phaneuf, S.L., Dirks, A.J., Phillips, T., Leeuwenburgh, C., 2002. Doxorubicin treatment in vivo causes cytochrome C release and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, as well as increased mitochondrial efficiency, superoxide dismutase activity, and Bcl-2:Bax ratio. Cancer Res 62, 4592-4598.
5
Goldberg, S.J., Hutter, J.J., Jr., Feldman, L., Goldberg, S.M., 1983. Two sensitive echocardiographic techniques for detecting doxorubicin toxicity. Med Pediatr Oncol 11, 172-177.
6
Ichikawa, Y., Ghanefar, M., Bayeva, M., Wu, R., Khechaduri, A., Naga Prasad, S.V., et al., 2014. Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is mediated through mitochondrial iron accumulation. J Clin Invest 124, 617-630.
7
Keizer, H.G., Pinedo, H.M., Schuurhuis, G.J., Joenje, H., 1990. Doxorubicin (adriamycin): a critical review of free radical-dependent mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Pharmacol Ther 47, 219-231.
8
Koh, E., Nakamura, T., Takahashi, H., 2004. Troponin-T and brain natriuretic peptide as predictors for adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Circ J 68, 163-167.
9
Krishnamurthy, B., Rani, N., Bharti, S., Golechha, M., Bhatia, J., Nag, T.C., et al., 2015. Febuxostat ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Chem Biol Interact 237, 96-103.
10
Lebrecht, D., Geist, A., Ketelsen, U.P., Haberstroh, J., Setzer, B., Walker, U.A., 2007. Dexrazoxane prevents doxorubicin-induced long-term cardiotoxicity and protects myocardial mitochondria from genetic and functional lesions in rats. Br J Pharmacol 151, 771-778.
11
Migrino, R.Q., Zhu, X., Pajewski, N., Brahmbhatt, T., Hoffmann, R., Zhao, M., 2007. Assessment of segmental myocardial viability using regional 2-dimensional strain echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 20, 342-351.
12
Mohammadnejad, D., Abedelahi, A., Soleimani-Rad, J., Mohammadi-Roshandeh, A., Rashtbar, M., Azami, A., 2012. Degenerative effect of Cisplatin on testicular germinal epithelium. Adv Pharm Bull 2, 173-177.
13
Nagi, M.N., Mansour, M.A., 2000. Protective effect of thymoquinone against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: a possible mechanism of protection. Pharmacol Res 41, 283-289.
14
Octavia, Y., Tocchetti, C.G., Gabrielson, K.L., Janssens, S., Crijns, H.J., Moens, A.L., 2012. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 52, 1213-1225.
15
Razmaraii, N., Babaei, H., Mohajjel Nayebi, A., Asadnasab, G., Ashrafi Helan, J., Azarmi, Y., 2016a. Cardioprotective Effect of Phenytoin on Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Toxicity in a Rat Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 67, 237-245.
16
Razmaraii, N., Babaei, H., Mohajjel Nayebi, A., Assadnassab, G., Ashrafi Helan, J., Azarmi, Y., 2016b. Cardioprotective Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Chronic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 6, 423-433.
17
Schwarz, E.R., Pollick, C., Dow, J., Patterson, M., Birnbaum, Y., Kloner, R.A., 1998. A small animal model of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and its evaluation by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiovasc Res 39, 216-223.
18
Shan, K., Lincoff, A.M., Young, J.B., 1996. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Ann Intern Med 125, 47-58.
19
Takemura, G., Fujiwara, H., 2007. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy from the cardiotoxic mechanisms to management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 49, 330-352.
20
Talas, Z.S., Ozdemir, I., Gok, Y., Ates, B., Yilmaz, I., 2010. Role of selenium compounds on tyrosine hydroxylase activity, adrenomedullin and total RNA levels in hearts of rats. Regul Pept 159, 137-141.
21
Tarr, A., Stoebe, S., Tuennemann, J., Baka, Z., Pfeiffer, D., Varga, A., et al., 2015. Early detection of cardiotoxicity by 2D and 3D deformation imaging in patients receiving chemotherapy. Echo Res Pract 2, 81-88.
22
Teraoka, K., Hirano, M., Yamaguchi, K., Yamashina, A., 2000. Progressive cardiac dysfunction in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy rats. Eur J Heart Fail 2, 373-378.
23
Tokarska-Schlattner, M., Zaugg, M., Zuppinger, C., Wallimann, T., Schlattner, U., 2006. New insights into doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: the critical role of cellular energetics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 41, 389-405.
24
Wouters, K.A., Kremer, L.C., Miller, T.L., Herman, E.H., Lipshultz, S.E., 2005. Protecting against anthracycline-induced myocardial damage: a review of the most promising strategies. Br J Haematol 131, 561-578.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Aflatoxin M1-Binding Ability of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains and Saccharomyces boulardii in the Experimentally Contaminated Milk Treated with Some Biophysical Factors
There is a growing concern regarding the recurrent observation of aflatoxins (AFs) in the milk of lactating animals. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to assess the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)-binding ability of three species, namely Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and Saccharomyces boulardii, inAFM1-contaminatedmilk. The mentioned species were administeredatthe concentrations of107 and 109 CFU/mLto skimmed milk contaminated with 0.5 and 0.75 ng/mL AFM1 within the incubation times of 30 and 90 min at 4°C and 37°C. Lactobacillus rhamnosus was found to have the best binding ability at the concentrations of 107 and 109 (CFU/ml), rendering 82% and 90% removal in the milk samples with 0.5 and 0.75 ng/ml AFM1, respectively. Accordingly, this value at 107 and 109 CFU/ml of L. plantarum was obtained 89% and 82% with 0.75 ng/ml of AFM1, respectively. For S. boulardii at 107 and 109 CFU/ml, the rates were respectively estimated at 75% and 90% with 0.75 ng/ml of AFM1. The best AFM1-binding levels for L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, and S. boulardii were 91.82±10.9%, 89.33±0.58%, and 93.20±10.9, respectively, at the concentrations of 1×109, 1×107, and 1×107 CFU/ml at 37, 4, and 37°C, respectively. In this study, the maximum AFM1 binding (100.0±0.58) occurred while a combination of the aforementioned probiotics was employed at a concentration of 1×107 CFU/ml at 37°C with 0.5 ng/ml AFM1, followed by the combination of L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum (95.86±10.9) at a concentration of 1×109 CFU/ml at the same temperature with 0.75 ng/ml AFM1. It was concluded that the use of S. boulardii in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. plantarum, which bind AFM1 in milk, can decrease the risk of AFM1 in dairy products.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120980_af86161e359b7acc2970f549a87a3d74.pdf
2020-03-01
63
73
10.22092/ari.2019.123985.1265
AFM1
Milk
decontamination
Saccharomyces boulardii
lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus plantarum
R.
Khadivi
drkhadivir@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
V.
Razavilar
vad.razavilar@gmail.com
2
Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Anvar
amiralianvar@gmail.com
3
Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Akbari-adergani
analystchemist@yahoo.com
4
Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbes, S., Salah-Abbes, J.B., Sharafi, H., Jebali, R., Noghabi, K.A., Oueslati, R., 2013. Ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GAF01 to remove AFM1 in vitro and to counteract AFM1 immunotoxicity in vivo. J Immunotoxicol 10, 279-286.
1
Assaf, J.C., Atoui, A., Khoury, A.E., Chokr, A., Louka, N., 2018. A comparative study of procedures for binding of aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Braz J Microbiol 49, 120-127.
2
Bahrami, R., Shahbazi, Y., Nikousefat, Z., 2016. Aflatoxin M1 in milk and traditional dairy products from west part of Iran: occurrence and seasonal variation with an emphasis on risk assessment of human exposure. Food Control 62, 250-256.
3
Baranyi, N., Kocsubé, S., Varga, J., 2015. Aflatoxins: Climate change and biodegradation. Curr Opin Food Sci 5, 60-66.
4
Bhatnagar-Mathur, P., Sunkara, S., Bhatnagar-Panwar, M., Waliyar, F., Sharma, K.K., 2015. Biotechnological advances for combating Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin contamination in crops. Plant Sci 234, 119-132.
5
Biernasiak, J., Piotrowska, M., Libudzisz, Z., 2006. Detoxification of mycotoxins by probiotic preparation for broiler chickens. Mycotoxin Res 22, 230-235.
6
Bovo, F., Corassin, C.H., de Oliveira, C.A.F., 2015. Descontaminação de aflatoxinas em alimentos por bactérias ácido-láticas. J Health Sci 12, 15-21.
7
Bovo, F., Corassin, C.H., Rosim, R.E., de Oliveira, C.A., 2013. Efficiency of lactic acid bacteria strains for decontamination of aflatoxin M 1 in phosphate buffer saline solution and in skimmed milk. Food Bioprocess Technol 6, 2230-2234.
8
Corassin, C.H., Bovo, F., Rosim, R.E., Oliveira, C.A.F.d., 2013. Efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria strains to bind aflatoxin M1 in UHT skim milk. Food Control 31, 80-83.
9
Dalié, D., Deschamps, A., Richard-Forget, F., 2010. Lactic acid bacteria–Potential for control of mould growth and mycotoxins: a review. Food Control 21, 370-380.
10
El-Nezami, H., Kankaanpaa, P., Salminen, S., Ahokas, J., 1998. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food Chem Toxicol 36, 321-326.
11
Elsanhoty, R.M., Salam, S.A., Ramadan, M.F., Badr, F.H., 2014. Detoxification of aflatoxin M1 in yoghurt using probiotics and lactic acid bacteria. Food Control 43, 129-134.
12
Fallah, A.A., 2010. Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. Food Chem Toxicol 48, 988-991.
13
Foroughi, M., Sarabi Jamab, M., Keramat, J., Foroughi, M., 2018. Immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Perlite Beads for the Decontamination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk. J Food Sci 83, 2008-2013.
14
Galvano, F., Piva, A., Ritieni, A., Galvano, G., 2001. Dietary strategies to counteract the effects of mycotoxins: a review. J Food Prot 64, 120-131.
15
Gonçalves, B.L., Rosim, R.E., de Oliveira, C.A.F., Corassin, C.H., 2015. The in vitro ability of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae–based products to bind aflatoxin B1. Food control 47, 298-300.
16
Haskard, C.A., El-Nezami, H.S., Kankaanpaa, P.E., Salminen, S., Ahokas, J.T., 2001. Surface binding of aflatoxin B(1) by lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 67, 3086-3091.
17
Hassan, Z.U., Al-Thani, R.F., Migheli, Q., Jaoua, S., 2018. Detection of toxigenic mycobiota and mycotoxins in cereal feed market. Food Control 84, 389-394.
18
Hernandez-Mendoza, A., Guzman-de-Pena, D., Garcia, H.S., 2009. Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B binding by probiotic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 107, 395-403.
19
Ismail, A., Levin, R.E., Riaz, M., Akhtar, S., Gong, Y.Y., de Oliveira, C.A., 2017. Effect of different microbial concentrations on binding of aflatoxin M1 and stability testing. Food Control 73, 492-496.
20
Kabak, B., Var, I., 2004. Binding of aflatoxin M1 by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Milchwissenschaft 59, 301-303.
21
Kabak, B., Var, I., 2008. Factors affecting the removal of aflatoxin M1 from food model by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. J Environ Sci Health B 43, 617-624.
22
Kahouli, I., Malhotra, M., Westfall, S., Alaoui-Jamali, M.A., Prakash, S., 2017. Design and validation of an orally administrated active L. fermentum-L. acidophilus probiotic formulation using colorectal cancer Apc Min/+ mouse model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 1999-2019.
23
Kirkpatrick, W.R., Lopez-Ribot, J.L., McAtee, R.K., Patterson, T.F., 2000. Growth competition between Candida dubliniensis and Candida albicans under broth and biofilm growing conditions. J Clin Microbiol 38, 902-904.
24
Lee, J., Her, J.Y., Lee, K.G., 2015. Reduction of aflatoxins (B(1), B(2), G(1), and G(2)) in soybean-based model systems. Food Chem 189, 45-51.
25
Mohammadi, H., Mazloomi, S.M., Eskandari, M.H., Aminlari, M., Niakousari, M., 2017. The Effect of Ozone on Aflatoxin M1, Oxidative Stability, Carotenoid Content and the Microbial Count of Milk. Ozone 39, 447-453.
26
Namvar Rad, M., Razavilar, V., Anvar, S.A.A., Akbari‐Adergani, B., 2018. Selected bio‐physical factors affecting the efficiency of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus to degrade aflatoxin M1 in artificially contaminated milk. J Food Saf 38, e12463.
27
Namvar Rad, M., Razavilar, V., Anvar, S.A.A., Akbari – adergani, B., 2019. Assessment of Lactobacillus delbruekii and Bifidobacterium animals abilities to absorb aflatoxin M1 from milk, Iranian J of Med Mic. 13, 44-55.
28
Peltonen, K., el-Nezami, H., Haskard, C., Ahokas, J., Salminen, S., 2001. Aflatoxin B1 binding by dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. J Dairy Sci 84, 2152-2156.
29
Pierides, M., El-Nezami, H., Peltonen, K., Salminen, S., Ahokas, J., 2000. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in a food model. J Food Prot 63, 645-650.
30
Sarimehmetoğlu, B., Küplülü, Ö., 2004. Binding ability of aflatoxin M1 to yoghurt bacteria. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 51, 195-198.
31
Sarlak, Z., Rouhi, M., Mohammadi, R., Khaksar, R., Mortazavian, A.M., Sohrabvandi, S., et al., 2017. Probiotic biological strategies to decontaminate aflatoxin M1 in a traditional Iranian fermented milk drink (Doogh). Food Control 71, 152-159.
32
Sepahdari, A., Ebrahimzadeh Mosavi, H., Sharifpour, I., Khosravi, A., Motallebi, A., Mohseni, M., et al., 2010. Effects of different dietary levels of AFB1 on survival rate and growth factors of Beluga (Huso huso). Iran J Fish Sci 9, 141-150.
33
Wang, J.-J., Liu, B.-H., Hsu, Y.-T., Yu, F.-Y., 2011. Sensitive competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk. Food Control 22, 964-969.
34
Xiong, J., Xiong, L., Zhou, H., Liu, Y., Wu, L., 2018. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in dairy cow feedstuff and aflatoxin M1 in UHT and pasteurized milk in central China. Food Control 92, 386-390.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Subcutaneous Hydatid Cyst in Laboratory Mice: Is it a Suitable Method for Evaluating Therapeutic Agents against Hydatid Cyst?
Hydatid disease is an economic and public health concern in many countries. Currently, surgery is the main treatment option for hydatid disease. In the surgical treatment of hydatidosis, the use of scolicidal agents is very important due to inactivating live protoscoleces and preventing the recurrence of infection. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate newscolicidal agents and novel medications with higher safety and efficacy. In the previous in vitro studies, the scolicidal effects of the methanolic extracts and aromatic water of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) have been demonstrated. Consequently, in this study, the impact of the nanoemulsion of Z. multiflora essential oil on subcutaneous hydatid cysts was compared with albendazole (ABZ). Fifty laboratory male mice were inoculated with 300 viable protoscoleces subcutaneously on the two sides of the abdomen. Following five months of infection, the remaining infected mice (n=42) were allocated into two treatment and one control (without treatment) groups containing fourteen animals each. Group A received ABZ at the dose of 50 mg/kg for 60 days, group B received the nanoemulsions of Z. multiflora at the dose of 50 mg/kg in drinking water for 60 days, and group C was considered as the control group. All the infected mice were euthanized and necropsied two months post-intervention. Afterwards, the cysts were cautiously collected and their number, size, and weight were compared between the mice of different groups. The mean number of hydatid cysts indicated that the nanoemulsion of Z. multiflora essence had a relative superiority to ABZ. On the other hand, the therapeutic effect of ABZ was higher than the nanoemulsion of Z. multiflora essential oil in terms of the mean weight and mean size of hydatid cysts. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups (P>0.5). Overall, the number, weight, and size of cysts were not significantly different between the groups in this investigation. The lack of satisfactory therapeutic results in this study might be due to the location of hydatid cysts in the subcutaneous space.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120977_ffeee1ddc4ae191da061a38bd639691a.pdf
2020-03-01
75
81
10.22092/ari.2018.123382.1245
Albendazole
essential oil
Nanoemulsion
Subcutaneous hydatid cyst
Zataria multiflora
A.
Ahmadi
ahmadi.a63@gmail.com
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Moazeni
moazeni@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Shaddel
min_shad@yahoo.com
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Brunetti, E., Kern, P., Vuitton, D.A., 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114, 1-16.
1
Casado, N., Perez-Serrano, J., Denegri, G., Rodriguez-Caabeiro, F., 1996. Development of chemotherapeutic model for the in vitro screening of drugs against Echinoccus granulosus cysts: the effects of an albendazole-albendazole sulphoxide combination. Int J Parasitol 26, 59-65.
2
Chaudhri, N., Soni, G.C., Prajapati, S., 2015. Nanotechnology: an advance tool for nano-cosmetics preparation. Int J Pharma Res Rev 4, 28-40.
3
Daniel-Mwuambete, K., Ponce-Gordo, F., Torrado, J., Torrado, S., Cuesta-Bandera, C., 2003. Effect of two formulations of benzimidazole carbamates on the viability of cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in vivo. Parasite 10, 371-373.
4
El-On, J., 2003. Benzimidazole treatment of cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 85, 243-252.
5
Elissondo, M.C., Albani, C.M., Gende, L., Eguaras, M., Denegri, G., 2008. Efficacy of thymol against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces. Parasitol Int 57, 185-190.
6
Ghosh, V., Mukherjee, A., Chandrasekaran, N., 2013. Formulation and characterization of plant essential oil based nanoemulsion: evaluation of its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Asian J Chem 25, S321- S323.
7
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Junghanss, T., da Silva, A.M., Horton, J., Chiodini, P.L., Brunetti, E., 2008. Clinical management of cystic echinococcosis: state of the art, problems, and perspectives. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79, 301-311.
9
Kayaalp, C., Bostanci, B., Yol, S., Akoglu, M., 2003. Distribution of hydatid cysts into the liver with reference to cystobiliary communications and cavity-related complications. Am J Surg 185, 175-179.
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Khosravi, A., Franco, M., Shokri, H., Yahya, R.R., 2007. Evaluation of the effects of Zataria multiflora, Geranium pelargonium, Myrth and Lemon essences on immune system function in experimental animals. J Vet Res 62, 119-123.
11
Laura, C., Celina, E., Sergio, S.B., Guillermo, D., Carlos, L., Luis, A., 2015. Combined flubendazole-nitazoxanide treatment of cystic echinococcosis: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment in mice. Acta Trop 148, 89-96.
12
Mahboubi, M., Ghazian Bidgoli, F., 2010. In vitro synergistic efficacy of combination of amphotericin B with Myrtus communis essential oil against clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Phytomedicine 17, 771-774.
13
Moazeni, M., Borji, H., Saboor Darbandi, M., Saharkhiz, M.J., 2017. In vitro and in vivo antihydatid activity of a nano emulsion of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Res Vet Sci 114, 308-312.
14
Moazeni, M., Larki, S., Saharkhiz, M.J., Oryan, A., Ansary Lari, M., Mootabi Alavi, A., 2014a. In vivo study of the efficacy of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora on hydatid cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58, 6003-6008.
15
Moazeni, M., Larki, S., Pirmoradi, G., Rahdar, M., 2015. Scolicidal effect of the aromatic water of Zataria multiflora: an in vitro study. Comp Clin Pathol 24, 1057-1062.
16
Moazeni, M., Larki, S., Oryan, A., Saharkhiz, M.J., 2014b. Preventive and therapeutic effects of Zataria multiflora methanolic extract on hydatid cyst: an in vivo study. Vet Parasitol 205, 107-112.
17
Moazeni, M., Roozitalab, A., 2012. High scolicidal effect of Zataria multiflora on protoccoleces of hydatid cyst: an in vitro study. Comp Clin Pathol 21, 99-104.
18
Moro, P., Schantz, P.M., 2009. Echinococcosis: a review. Int J Infect Dis 13, 125-133.
19
Odriozola-Serrano, I., Oms-Oliu, G., Martin-Belloso, O., 2014. Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to improve functionality of lipophilic components. Front Nutr 1, 24.
20
Ostertag, F., Weiss, J., McClements, D.J., 2012. Low-energy formation of edible nanoemulsions: factors influencing droplet size produced by emulsion phase inversion. J Colloid Interface Sci 388, 95-102.
21
Otero-Abad, B., Torgerson, P.R., 2013. A systematic review of the epidemiology of echinococcosis in domestic and wild animals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7, e2249.
22
Rai, M., Kon, K., 2015. Nanotechnology in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, Academic Press, Massachusetts, USA.
23
Saei-Dehkordi, S.S., Tajik, H., Moradi, M., Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., 2010. Chemical composition of essential oils in Zataria multiflora Boiss. from different parts of Iran and their radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem Toxicol 48, 1562-1567.
24
Sajed, H., Sahebkar, A., Iranshahi, M., 2013. Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme)--an ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses. J Ethnopharmacol 145, 686-698.
25
Shokri, H., Asadi, F., Bahonar, A.R., Khosravi, A.R., 2006. The Role of Zataria multiflora Essence (Iranian herb) on Innate Immunity of Animal Model. Iran J Immunol 3, 164-168.
26
Shokri, H., Sharifzadeh, A., 2015. Zataria multiflora Boiss.: A review study on chemical composition, anti-fungal and anti-mycotoxin activities, and ultrastructural changes. J Herbmed Pharmacol 6, 1-9.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Magnesium Sulfate Administration on Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
This study aimed at investigating the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. In total, 50 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 received no injection (control); however, group 2 was subjected to 2 h of I and 24 h of R. Subsequently, group 3 was subjected to 2 h of 1, and after 1 h of I, 125 mg/kg MgSO4 was injected intraperitoneally followed by 24 h of R. Groups 4 and 5 were subjected to the same process as group 3, whereas the rats were injected with 250 and 500 mg/kg of MgSO4, respectively. After 24 h, the left testes of all rats were removed for histological analysis and antioxidant activities. According to the results, there was a significant increase in tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) among I/R rats (p <0.05), whereas MgSO4 decreased I/R-induced MDA (p <0.05). Furthermore, experimental I/R diminished glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels significantly (p <0.05). Moreover, MgSO4 (250 and 500 mg/kg) increased GPx and SOD activity significantly in I/R rats (p <0.05). Furthermore, seminiferous tubules degenerated, and few spermatocytes were observed in the testis tubules of the I/R rats. Regarding pathological parameters, seminiferous tubules and spermatocyte were normal in the testes of MgSO4 (250 and 500 mg/kg)-treated experimental I/R-induced rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the beneficial effects of MgSO4 on testicular IR injury in rats.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120982_a101318065a96e5cfbe9ef5ca6056f1b.pdf
2020-03-01
83
91
10.22092/ari.2018.123458.1251
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)
Magnesium sulfate
rat
testis
S.
Moshkelani
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Asghari
dr.ahmad.asghari@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Abedi
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Jahandideh
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
P.
Mortazavi
5
Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Agarwal, A., Durairajanayagam, D., Halabi, J., Peng, J., Vazquez-Levin, M., 2014. Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 29, 32-58.
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2
Agarwal, R., Iezhitsa, I., Awaludin, N.A., Ahmad Fisol, N.F., Bakar, N.S., Agarwal, P., et al., 2013. Effects of magnesium taurate on the onset and progression of galactose-induced experimental cataract: in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Exp Eye Res 110, 35-43.
3
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4
Arena, S., Iacona, R., Antonuccio, P., Russo, T., Salvo, V., Gitto, E., et al., 2017. Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 13, 2115-2122.
5
Asghari, A., Akbari, G., Beigi, A., Mortazavi, P., 2018a. Tramadol reduces testicular damage of ischemia-reperfusion rats. Anim Reprod 13, 811-819.
6
Asghari, A., Akbari, G., Galustanian, G., 2018b. Magnesium sulfate protects testis against unilateral varicocele in rat. Anim Reprod 14, 442-451.
7
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Celik, E., Oguzturk, H., Sahin, N., Turtay, M.G., Oguz, F., Ciftci, O., 2016. Protective effects of hesperidin in experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Arch Med Sci 12, 928-934.
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Chandra, A.K., Sengupta, P., Goswami, H., Sarkar, M., 2013. Effects of dietary magnesium on testicular histology, steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and oxidative stress markers in adult rats. Indian J Exp Biol 51, 37-47.
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12
Eshraghi, T., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Asghari, A., Tavangar, S.M., 2015. Magnesium protects against bile duct ligation-induced liver injury in male Wistar rats. Magnes Res 28, 32-45.
13
Fakouri, A., Asghari, A., Akbari, G., Mortazavi, P., 2017. Effects of folic acid administration on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Cir Bras 32, 755-766.
14
Ghalehkandi, J.G., 2018. Garlic (Allium sativum) juice protects from semen oxidative stress in male rats exposed to chromium chloride. Anim Reprod 11, 526-532.
15
Hadwan, M.H., Almashhedy, L.A., Alsalman, A.R., 2014. Study of the effects of oral zinc supplementation on peroxynitrite levels, arginase activity and NO synthase activity in seminal plasma of Iraqi asthenospermic patients. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 12, 1.
16
Hasturk, A.E., Harman, F., Arca, T., Sargon, M., Kilinc, K., Kaptanoglu, E., 2013. Neuroprotective effect of magnesium sulfate and dexamethasone on intrauterine ischemia in the fetal rat brain: ultrastructural evaluation. Turk Neurosurg 23, 666-671.
17
Hsieh, Y.Y., Chang, C.C., Lin, C.S., 2006. Seminal malondialdehyde concentration but not glutathione peroxidase activity is negatively correlated with seminal concentration and motility. Int J Biol Sci 2, 23-29.
18
Huang, X., Qin, J., Lu, S., 2014. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate protects hepatic L02 cells from ischemia/reperfusion induced injury. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7, 4755-4764.
19
Hwang, K., Lamb, D.J., 2012. Molecular mechanisms of antioxidants in male infertility. Male infertility, Springer, pp. 245-260.
20
Johnsen, S.G., 1970. Testicular biopsy score count–a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testes: normal values and results in 335 hypogonadal males. Horm Res Paediatr 1, 2-25.
21
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22
Koksal, M., Oguz, E., Baba, F., Eren, M.A., Ciftci, H., Demir, M.E., et al., 2012. Effects of melatonin on testis histology, oxidative stress and spermatogenesis after experimental testis ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16, 582-588.
23
Korkmaz, Ş., Ekici, F., Ali Tufan, H., Aydın, B., 2013. Magnesium: Effect on ocular health as a calcium channel antagonist. J Clin Exper Invest 4, 244-251.
24
Masson, P., Brannigan, R.E., 2014. The varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 41, 129-144.
25
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28
Parlaktas, B.S., Atilgan, D., Ozyurt, H., Gencten, Y., Akbas, A., Erdemir, F., et al., 2014. The biochemical effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rats and the protective role of melatonin. Asian J Androl 16, 314-318.
29
Pesch, S., Bergmann, M., Bostedt, H., 2006. Determination of some enzymes and macro- and microelements in stallion seminal plasma and their correlations to semen quality. Theriogenology 66, 307-313.
30
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32
Raju, A.B., Challa, S.R., Akula, A., Kiran, K., Harinadh, G.B., 2011. Evaluation of oxidant and anti-oxidant balance in experimentally induced testicular injury by ischemia reperfusion in rats. Eur J Gen Med 8, 117-121.
33
Ravn, H.B., Moeldrup, U., Brookes, C.I., Ilkjaer, L.B., White, P., Chew, M., et al., 1999. Intravenous magnesium reduces infarct size after ischemia/reperfusion injury combined with a thrombogenic lesion in the left anterior descending artery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19, 569-574.
34
Romani, A., 2007. Regulation of magnesium homeostasis and transport in mammalian cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 458, 90-102.
35
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36
Sahin, Z., Bayram, Z., Celik-Ozenci, C., Akkoyunlu, G., Seval, Y., Erdogru, T., et al., 2005b. Effect of experimental varicocele on the expressions of Notch 1, 2, and 3 in rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Fertil Steril 83, 86-94.
37
Valsa, J., Skandhan, K.P., Khan, P.S., Sumangala, B., Gondalia, M., 2012. Split ejaculation study: semen parameters and calcium and magnesium in seminal plasma. Cent European J Urol 65, 216-218.
38
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39
Wolf, F.I., Trapani, V., Simonacci, M., Boninsegna, A., Mazur, A., Maier, J.A., 2009. Magnesium deficiency affects mammary epithelial cell proliferation: involvement of oxidative stress. Nutr Cancer 61, 131-136.
40
Wong, W.Y., Flik, G., Groenen, P.M., Swinkels, D.W., Thomas, C.M., Copius-Peereboom, J.H., et al., 2001. The impact of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper in blood and seminal plasma on semen parameters in men. Reprod Toxicol 15, 131-136.
41
Yavuz, Y., Mollaoglu, H., Yurumez, Y., Ucok, K., Duran, L., Tunay, K., et al., 2013. Therapeutic effect of magnesium sulphate on carbon monoxide toxicity-mediated brain lipid peroxidation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 17, 28-33.
42
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A case control study of Salmonella SPP. infection in stray dogs in Tehran shelters and the correlation between paraclinical tests results and clinical findings
Salmonellosis as a zoonotic disease in dogs is not fully understood, and various reports have pointed to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from dogs to humans. The current study aimed to evaluate the serologic and bacteriologic prevalence of Salmonella spp. in stray dogs placed in animal shelters around Tehran, compare the results to those of asymptomatic dogs, and determine the serotype of isolated species, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 100 fecal swab and blood samples were obtained from symptomatic and apparently healthy dogs (clinically) placed in four animal shelters around Tehran, Iran. Fecal and blood culture, as well as dog food culture, tube agglutination test, serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on the samples. Fever, lethargy, diarrhea, and abdominal pain were observed in all the dogs in the case group, and bloody diarrhea was the least commonly detected symptom in clinical examination. A number of 11 and 4 collected fecal swabs from the case and control groups were positive for Salmonella spp., respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the laboratory tests results. Blood culture on the selective medium was negative for all the cases. Moreover, 60% and 100% of dogs in the case and control groups showed inflammatory markers in their blood test. The tube agglutination test was positive for 12% of the samples from the case group, while it was positive only for 5% of cases in the control group. The highest and lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against gentamicin and ciprofloxacin from the case group, respectively. Salmonella spp. infection in stray dogs placed in animal shelters is a great public health concern. In this regard, it is recommended that these animals be regularly monitored since they serve as Salmonella carriers.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120976_e07bcaea7482075cc25e557d0e019882.pdf
2020-03-01
93
99
10.22092/ari.2018.123213.1242
Salmonella spp
Stray dogs
shelters
Zoonotic diseases
N.
Askari
1
Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Mashhad Rafiee
sr1vet@yahoo.com
2
Department of internal medicine, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Amini
dr_kumarss_amini@mail.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Science, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
AUTHOR
Agasan, A., Kornblum, J., Williams, G., Pratt, C.C., Fleckenstein, P., Wong, M., et al., 2002. Profile of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies I) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in New York City. J Clin Microbiol 40, 1924-1929.
1
Cantor, G.H., Nelson, S., Jr., Vanek, J.A., Evermann, J.F., Eriks, I.S., Basaraba, R.J., et al., 1997. Salmonella shedding in racing sled dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 9, 447-448.
2
Fratamico, P.M., 2003. Comparison of culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TaqMan Salmonella, and Transia Card Salmonella assays for detection of Salmonella spp. in naturally-contaminated ground chicken, ground turkey, and ground beef. Mol Cell Probes 17, 215-221.
3
Greene, C.E., 1998. Enteric bacterial infections-Salmonellosis. In: Greene, C.E. (Ed.), Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. 2nd ed, WB SaundersElsevier Science, Toronto, pp. 235–240.
4
Hackett, T., Lappin, M.R., 2003. Prevalence of enteric pathogens in dogs of north-central Colorado. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 39, 52-56.
5
Jackson, B.R., Griffin, P.M., Cole, D., Walsh, K.A., Chai, S.J., 2013. Outbreak-associated Salmonella enterica serotypes and food Commodities, United States, 1998-2008. Emerg Infect Dis 19, 1239-1244.
6
Jajere, S.M., Onyilokwu, S.A., Adamu, N.B., Atsanda, N.N., Saidu, A.S., Adamu, S.G., et al., 2014. Prevalence of salmonella infection in dogs in maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. Int J Microbiol 2014, 392548.
7
Kaufmann, A., 1966. Pets and Salmonella infection. J Am Vet Med Assoc 149, 1655-1664.
8
Marks, S.L., Kather, E.J., 2003. Bacterial-associated diarrhea in the dog: a critical appraisal. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 33, 1029-1060.
9
Marks, S.L., Rankin, S.C., Byrne, B.A., Weese, J.S., 2011. Enteropathogenic bacteria in dogs and cats: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and control. J Vet Intern Med 25, 1195-1208.
10
Ojo, O.E., Adetosoye, A.I., 2009. Salmonella Typhimurium infection in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoiec dogs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Vet Arh 79, 371-377.
11
Quinn, P.J., Markey, B.K., Leonard, F.C., Hartigan, P., Fanning, S., Fitzpatrick, E., 1994. Clinical veterinary microbiology, Mosby, London.
12
Salehi, T.Z., Badouei, M.A., Madadgar, O., Ghiasi, S.R., Tamai, I.A., 2013. Shepherd dogs as a common source for Salmonella enterica serovar Reading in Garmsar, Iran. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 37, 102-105.
13
Salehi, T.Z., Mahzounieh, M., Saeedzadeh, A., 2005. The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from intestine and liver of poultry in Shiraz province of Iran. Int J Poult Sci 4, 320-322.
14
Sanchez, S., Hofacre, C.L., Lee, M.D., Maurer, J.J., Doyle, M.P., 2002. Animal sources of salmonellosis in humans. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221, 492-497.
15
Sato, Y., Mori, T., Koyama, T., Nagase, H., 2000. Salmonella virchow infection in an infant transmitted by household dogs. J Vet Med Sci 62, 767-769.
16
Schmidt, K., Tirado, C., 2001. WHO surveillance programme for control of foodborne infections and intoxications in Europe: Seventh Report 1993-1998, Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, Berlin.
17
Schuurman, T., de Boer, R.F., van Zanten, E., van Slochteren, K.R., Scheper, H.R., Dijk-Alberts, B.G., et al., 2007. Feasibility of a molecular screening method for detection of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni in a routine community-based clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 45, 3692-3700.
18
Seepersadsingh, N., Adesiyun, A.A., Seebaransingh, R., 2004. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in non-diarrhoeic dogs in Trinidad. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 51, 337-342.
19
Sugiyama, Y., Sugiyama, F., Yagami, K., 1993. Isolation of Salmonella from impounded dogs introduced to a laboratory. Jikken Dobutsu 42, 119-121.
20
Tanaka, Y., Katsube, Y., Imaizumi, K., 1976. Distribution of Salmonellae in the digestive tract and lymph node of carrier-dogs. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 38, 215-224.
21
Thompson, R., Acland, H., Confer, A., 2001. Special veterinary pathology. BC Decker Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 43-46.
22
Tsai, H.J., Huang, H.C., Lin, C.M., Lien, Y.Y., Chou, C.H., 2007. Salmonellae and campylobacters in household and stray dogs in northern Taiwan. Vet Res Commun 31, 931-939.
23
Waltman, W.D., Gast, R., Mallinson, E., 1998. Salmonellosis. In: Swayne, D., Glisson, J., Jackwood, M., Pearson, J., Read, W. (Eds.), A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens,, American Association of Avian Pathologists, Pensylvania, USA. pp. 4-13.
24
Weber, A., Wachowitz, R., Weigl, U., Schafer-Schmidt, R., 1995. [Occurrence of Salmonella in fecal samples of dogs and cats in northern Bavaria from 1975 to 1994]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 108, 401-404.
25
Zahraei Salehi, T., 1999. Salmonella, University of Tehran Press. Tehran, Iran.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Point Mutation in the Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Gene of Oocytes on the Sterility and Fertility of Awassi Sheep
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays a critical role in ovarian follicular development and ovulation rate. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the GDF9 gene and reproductive performance variables, such as fertility and sterility in Awassi sheep. Forty pairs of ovaries from a total of 40 slaughtered Iraqi Awassi ewes were used in this study. Twenty of the ovaries were collected from sterile ewes and the other 20 ovaries were taken from fertile ewes for genomic DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing to detect GDF9 gene polymorphism. Follicles and oocytes of all the 40 ovaries were evaluated and compared with the results of genotyping. Furthermore, histopathological and microscopic evaluations were performed for 40 ovarian tissues of the two groups. The sequence analysis revealed that exon I had three SNPs, including T(114)C, G(129)R, and G(199)A. The first two SNPs were silent mutations and the last mutation was missense responsible for the substitution of glutamic acid with lysine at position 67. The current study showed a significant increase (P≤0.01) in GG, AA, CC, GA, and GG genotypes at G(129)R, G(199)A, T(114)C, G(129)R, and G(199)A loci, respectively. Moreover, the TT genotype in locus T(114)C was recorded to significantly augment (P≤0.05) in the fertile ewes. Mutant GA genotype of the G(129)R locus led to a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the percentage of follicles (4-8 mm) and oocytes number, compared to wild GG. On the other hand, a significant decrease was recorded in the mutant AA genotype in G(199)A, compared to wild GG. Differences between CC and TT genotypes at T(114)C locus were not significant. Histopathological examination revealed hypoplasia in the ovarian tissue of sterile ewes accompanied by fibrous connective tissue invasion and follicles degeneration. However, in the fertile ewes, the ovarian tissues were normal with the presence of numerous corpus albicans and degenerative corpus luteum. According to the findings of this study, the homozygote mutation in fertile ewes minimized the number of follicles and oocytes leading to sterility, while the heterozygote mutation was reported in the fertile Awassi ewes.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120983_6ec68748fc2e5adf60ac7f92ff296e54.pdf
2020-03-01
101
108
10.22092/ari.2018.122232.1220
fertility
Heterozygote
Homozygote
Infertility
H.
Al-Mutar
almutar.haydar@gmail.com
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Bagdad, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
L.
Younis
laith.vet89@tu.edu.iq
2
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
AUTHOR
Al-Barzinji, Y.M., Othman, G.U., 2013. Genetic polymorphism in FecB gene in Iraqi sheep breeds using RFLP-PCR Technique. IOSR J Agri Vet Sci 2, 46-48.
1
Asadpour, R.J., Joozani, R.A., 2012. Detection of polymorphism in booroola gene (FecB) and its association with litter size in Zel sheep breed in Iran. Slovak J Anim Sci 45, 63-66.
2
Bahrami, Y., Bahrami, S., Mohammadi, H.R., Chekani-Azar, V., Mousavizadeh, S.A., 2014. The polymorphism of GDF-9 gene in hisari sheep. Biological Forum Research Trend, p. 46-52.
3
Barzegari, A., Atashpaz, S., Ghabili, K., Nemati, Z., Rustaei, M., Azarbaijani, R., 2010. Polymorphisms in GDF9 and BMP15 associated with fertility and ovulation rate in Moghani and Ghezel sheep in Iran. Reprod Domest Anim 45, 666-669.
4
Bodensteiner, K.J., Clay, C.M., Moeller, C.L., Sawyer, H.R., 1999. Molecular cloning of the ovine Growth/Differentiation factor-9 gene and expression of growth/differentiation factor-9 in ovine and bovine ovaries. Biol Reprod 60, 381-386.
5
Davis, G.H., Balakrishnan, L., Ross, I.K., Wilson, T., Galloway, S.M., Lumsden, B.M., et al., 2006. Investigation of the Booroola (FecB) and Inverdale (FecX(I)) mutations in 21 prolific breeds and strains of sheep sampled in 13 countries. Anim Reprod Sci 92, 87-96.
6
de Castro, F.C., Cruz, M.H.C., Leal, C.L.V., 2016. Role of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in ovarian function and their importance in mammalian female fertility—A review. Asian Austr J Anim Sci 29, 1065-1074.
7
Dong, J., Albertini, D.F., Nishimori, K., Kumar, T.R., Lu, N., Matzuk, M.M., 1996. Growth differentiation factor-9 is required during early ovarian folliculogenesis. Nature 383, 531-535.
8
Elvin, J.A., Clark, A.T., Wang, P., Wolfman, N.M., Matzuk, M.M., 1999. Paracrine actions of growth differentiation factor-9 in the mammalian ovary. Mol Endocrinol 13, 1035-1048.
9
Elvin, J.A., Yan, C., Matzuk, M.M., 2000. Oocyte-expressed TGF-beta superfamily members in female fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 159, 1-5.
10
Galloway, S.M., McNatty, K.P., Cambridge, L.M., Laitinen, M.P., Juengel, J.L., Jokiranta, T.S., et al., 2000. Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner. Nat Genet 25, 279-283.
11
Hanrahan, J.P., Gregan, S.M., Mulsant, P., Mullen, M., Davis, G.H., Powell, R., et al., 2004. Mutations in the genes for oocyte-derived growth factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries). Biol Reprod 70, 900-909.
12
Juengel, J.L., Hudson, N.L., Heath, D.A., Smith, P., Reader, K.L., Lawrence, S.B., et al., 2002. Growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 are essential for ovarian follicular development in sheep. Biol Reprod 67, 1777-1789.
13
Kasiriyan, M.M., Hafezian, S.H., Hassani, N., 2011. Genetic polymorphism BMP15 and GDF9 genes in Sangsari sheep of Iran. Int J Gen Mol Biol 3, 31-34.
14
Khodabakhshzadeh, R., Mohammadabadi, M.R., Esmailizadeh, A.K., Moradi Shahrebabak, H., Bordbar, F., Ansari Namin, S., 2016. Identification of point mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in Kermani sheep. Pol J Vet Sci 19, 281-289.
15
Kumm, K., 2009. Profitable Swedish lamb production by economies of scale. Small Ruminant Res 81, 63-69.
16
Lafi, S.Q., Talafha, A.Q., Giadinis, N., Kalaitzakis, E., Pourliotis, K., Panousis, N., 2009. Factors affecting the reproductive performance of Awassi sheep flocks in north-east of Jordan: an epidemiological study. Trop Anim Health Prod 41, 1755-1764.
17
McNatty, K.P., Juengel, J.L., Reader, K.L., Lun, S., Myllymaa, S., Lawrence, S.B., et al., 2005. Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 co-operate to regulate granulosa cell function in ruminants. Reproduction 129, 481-487.
18
Mullen, M.P., Hanrahan, J.P., 2014. Direct evidence on the contribution of a missense mutation in GDF9 to variation in ovulation rate of Finnsheep. PLoS One 9, e95251.
19
Nicol, L., Bishop, S.C., Pong-Wong, R., Bendixen, C., Holm, L.E., Rhind, S.M., et al., 2009. Homozygosity for a single base-pair mutation in the oocyte-specific GDF9 gene results in sterility in Thoka sheep. Reproduction 138, 921-933.
20
Notter, D.R., 2008. Genetic aspects of reproduction in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 43, 122-128.
21
Ray, A.A., 2012. Statistical analysis system user’s guide: Statistics. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
22
Sadighi, M., Bodensteiner, K.J., Beattie, A.E., Galloway, S.M., 2002. Genetic mapping of ovine growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) to sheep chromosome 5. Anim Genet 33, 244-245.
23
Souza, C.J., McNeilly, A.S., Benavides, M.V., Melo, E.O., Moraes, J.C., 2014. Mutation in the protease cleavage site of GDF9 increases ovulation rate and litter size in heterozygous ewes and causes infertility in homozygous ewes. Anim Genet 45, 732-739.
24
Vitt, U.A., Hayashi, M., Klein, C., Hsueh, A.J., 2000. Growth differentiation factor-9 stimulates proliferation but suppresses the follicle-stimulating hormone-induced differentiation of cultured granulosa cells from small antral and preovulatory rat follicles. Biol Reprod 62, 370-377.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Transcriptomic Changes in the Rumen Epithelium of Cattle after the Induction of Acidosis
The transition from normal forage to a highly fermentable diet to achieve rapid weight gain in the cattle industry can induce ruminal acidosis. The molecular host mechanisms that occur in acidosis are largely unknown. Therefore, the histology and transcriptome profiling of rumen epithelium was investigated in normal and acidosis animals to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease. The rumen epithelial transcriptome from acidosis (n=3) and control (n=3) Holstein steers was obtained using RNA-sequencing. The mean values of clean reads were 70,975,460±984,046 and 71,142,189±834,526 in normal and acidosis samples, respectively. In total, 1,074 differentially expressed genes were identified in the two groups (p <0.05), of which 624 and 450 genes were up- and down-regulated in the acidosis samples, respectively. Functional analysis indicated that the majority of the up-regulated genes had a function in filament organization, positive regulation of epithelial and muscle fiber concentration, biomineral tissue development, negative regulation of fat cell differential, regulation of ion transmembrane transport, regulation of cell adhesion and butyrate, as well as short-chain fatty acid absorption that was metabolized as an energy source. Functional analysis of the down-regulated genes revealed effects in immune response, positive regulation of T-cell migration, regulation of metabolic processes, and localization. Furthermore, the results showed a differential expression of genes involved in the Map Kinase and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The IL1B, CXCL5, IL36A, and IL36B were significantly down-regulated in acidosis rumen tissue samples. The results suggest that rapid shifts to rich fermentable carbohydrates diets cause an increase in the concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids, tissue damage, and significant changes in transcriptome profiles of rumen epithelial.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120984_76f6b7bdf80754af8170236b2f4e5024.pdf
2020-03-01
109
121
10.22092/ari.2019.125930.1326
Acidosis
Cattle
Ruminal epithelial tissue
Transcriptome
M.
Gholizadeh
ma.gholizade@gmail.com
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
J.
Fayazi
j_fayazi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Zali
hakimehzali@gmail.com
3
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Asgari
yazdan1130@gmail.com
4
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alston, J.M., Pardey, P.G., 2014. Agriculture in the global economy. J Econ Perspec 28, 121-146.
1
Ash, R., Baird, G.D., 1973. Activation of volatile fatty acids in bovine liver and rumen epithelium. Evidence for control by autoregulation. Biochem J 136, 311-319.
2
Baldwin, R.L.t., Li, R.W., Jia, Y., Li, C.J., 2018. Transcriptomic impacts of rumen epithelium induced by butyrate infusion in dairy cattle in dry period. Gene Regul Syst Bio 12, 1177625018774798.
3
Blanch, M., Calsamiglia, S., Devant, M., Bach, A., 2010. Effects of acarbose on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and microbial profile involved in ruminal acidosis in lactating cows fed a high-carbohydrate ration. J Dairy Res 77, 123-128.
4
Dionissopoulos, L., AlZahal, O., Steele, M.A., Matthews, J.C., McBride, B.W., 2014. Transcriptomic changes in ruminal tissue induced by the periparturient transition in dairy cows. Am J Anim Vet Sci 9, 36-45.
5
Durunna, O.N., Mujibi, F.D., Goonewardene, L., Okine, E.K., Basarab, J.A., Wang, Z., et al., 2011. Feed efficiency differences and reranking in beef steers fed grower and finisher diets. J Anim Sci 89, 158-167.
6
Enemark, J.M., 2008. The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Vet J 176, 32-43.
7
Gressley, T.F., 2014. Inflammatory responses to sub-acute ruminal acidosis. 25th Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, Florida, USA.
8
Hernandez, J., Benedito, J.L., Abuelo, A., Castillo, C., 2014. Ruminal acidosis in feedlot: from aetiology to prevention. Sci World J 2014, 702572.
9
Huang da, W., Sherman, B.T., Lempicki, R.A., 2009. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat Protoc 4, 44-57.
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Kahn, L., Cottle, D., 2014. Beef cattle production and trade, Clayton, Australia: Csiro Publishing, p. 221.
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Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Kawashima, M., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M., 2014. Data, information, knowledge and principle: back to metabolism in KEGG. Nucleic Acids Res 42, 199-205.
13
Ki, Y.W., Park, J.H., Lee, J.E., Shin, I.C., Koh, H.C., 2013. JNK and p38 MAPK regulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 218, 235-245.
14
Kim, D., Pertea, G., Trapnell, C., Pimentel, H., Kelley, R., Salzberg, S.L., 2013. TopHat2: accurate alignment of transcriptomes in the presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions. Genome Biol 14, R36.
15
Kleen, J.L., Hooijer, G.A., Rehage, J., Noordhuizen, J.P., 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 50, 406-414.
16
Langmead, B., Salzberg, S.L., 2012. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat Methods 9, 357-359.
17
Li, S., Khafipour, E., Krause, D.O., Kroeker, A., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C., Gozho, G.N., et al., 2012. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on fermentation and endotoxins in the rumen and hindgut of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 95, 294-303.
18
Li, W., Gelsinger, S., Edwards, A., Riehle, C., Koch, D., 2019. Transcriptome analysis of rumen epithelium and meta-transcriptome analysis of rumen epimural microbial community in young calves with feed induced acidosis. Sci Rep 9, 4744.
19
Mi, H., Muruganujan, A., Thomas, P.D., 2013. PANTHER in 2013: modeling the evolution of gene function, and other gene attributes, in the context of phylogenetic trees. Nucleic Acids Res 41, 377-386.
20
O'Shea, E., Waters, S.M., Keogh, K., Kelly, A.K., Kenny, D.A., 2016. Examination of the molecular control of ruminal epithelial function in response to dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth in cattle. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 7, 53.
21
Penner, G.B., 2014. Mechanisms of volatile fatty acid absorption and metabolism and maintenance of a stable rumen environment. 25th Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symposium, pp. 92-104.
22
Penner, G.B., Steele, M.A., Aschenbach, J.R., McBride, B.W., 2011. Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: Molecular adaptation of ruminal epithelia to highly fermentable diets. J Anim Sci 89, 1108-1119.
23
Sehested, J., Diernaes, L., Moller, P.D., Skadhauge, E., 1999. Ruminal transport and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in vitro: effect of SCFA chain length and pH. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 123, 359-368.
24
Steele, M.A., Vandervoort, G., AlZahal, O., Hook, S.E., Matthews, J.C., McBride, B.W., 2011. Rumen epithelial adaptation to high-grain diets involves the coordinated regulation of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Physiol Genomics 43, 308-316.
25
Trapnell, C., Roberts, A., Goff, L., Pertea, G., Kim, D., Kelley, D.R., et al., 2012. Differential gene and transcript expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with TopHat and Cufflinks. Nat Protoc 7, 562-578.
26
Zhao, C., Liu, G., Li, X., Guan, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, X., et al., 2018. Inflammatory mechanism of Rumenitis in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis. BMC Vet Res 14, 135.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Agaricus Bisporus S-II Extract as a Bio-Controlling Agent against Human Pathogenic Bacterial Species
Agaricus bisporus mushrooms are well known for their nutritional and medicinal values. A. bisporus is a source of protein (about 40% on a dry basis), ergosterol, several minerals, carbohydrate, and fat. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of A. bisporus S-II extracts on human pathogenic bacteria in-vitro condition. Totally, three human pathogenic bacterial strains (MTCC culture type) were procured from the Institute of Microbial Technology, India. Out of these three bacterial strains, one was Gram-negative (namely P. aeruginosa MTCC741), and the other two were Gram-positive (B. cereus MTCC9786 and S. aureus MTCC740). Microdilution assay was applied for the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in methanol extract (26.5%) against S. aureus MTCC740, compared to ethanol extract (17%). Similar results were obtained for P. aeruginosa MTCC741 (21.8%) and B. cereus MTCC9786 (15%) in methanol extract. Least microbial growth inhibition observed for B. cereus MTCC9786 (13.82%) followed by P. aeruginosa MTCC741 (14%), compared to control in ethanol extract. The highest antimicrobial activity up to 17% with ethanolic extracts recorded against S. aureus MTCC740. The MIC results in microtitre plates showed the growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa MTCC741 and S. aureus MTCC740 at extract concentrations of 15 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively. However, no MIC detected for B. cereus MTCC9786 below 20 mg/ml extract concentration. Regarding minimum bactericidal concentration, the bactericidal value for P. aeruginosa MTCC741 and S. aureus MTCC740 was obtained at 10 mg/ml concentration. The present study indicated that the extracts of the A. bisporus S-II mushrooms had promising antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120985_177fa3e1fc6858d631c286901497e8e8.pdf
2020-03-01
123
130
10.22092/ari.2019.128088.1403
Antibacterial
Bacillus cereus
Button Mushroom
Human pathogens
Mushroom extract
A.
Karnwal
arunkarnwal@gmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Kaur
kaur64084@gmail.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
AUTHOR
Abenavoli, L., Izzo, A.A., Milic, N., Cicala, C., Santini, A., Capasso, R., 2018. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): A concise overview on its chemistry, pharmacological, and nutraceutical uses in liver diseases. Phytother Res 32, 2202-2213.
1
Acharya, K., Khatua, S., Sahid, S., 2015. Pharmacognostic standardization of Macrocybe crassa: an imminent medicinal mushroom. Res J Pharm Technol 8, 860-866.
2
Ali, A., Ashraf, Z., Rafiq, M., Kumar, A., Jabeen, F., Lee, G.J., et al., 2019. Novel Amide Derivatives as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors; In-vitro, In-vivo Antimelanogenic Activity and Computational Studies. Med Chem 15, 715-728.
3
Alves, M.J., Ferreira, I.C., Dias, J., Teixeira, V., Martins, A., Pintado, M., 2013. A review on antifungal activity of mushroom (basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds. Curr Top Med Chem 13, 2648-2659.
4
Alves, M.J., Ferreira, I.C., Lourenco, I., Castro, A., Pereira, L., Martins, A., et al., 2014. Wild mushroom extracts potentiate the action of standard antibiotics against multiresistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 116, 32-38.
5
Atri, N., Sharma, S.K., Joshi, R., Gulati, A., Gulati, A., 2013. Nutritional and neutraceutical composition of five wild culinary-medicinal species of genus Pleurotus (higher Basidiomycetes) from northwest India. Int J Med Mushrooms 15, 49-56.
6
Bassarello, C., Lazzaroni, S., Bifulco, G., Lo Cantore, P., Iacobellis, N.S., Riccio, R., et al., 2004. Tolaasins A--E, five new lipodepsipeptides produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii. J Nat Prod 67, 811-816.
7
Boda, R.H., Wani, A.H., Zargar, M.A., Ganie, B.A., Wani, B.A., Ganie, S.A., 2012. Nutritional values and antioxidant potential of some edible mushrooms of Kashmir valley. Pak J Pharm Sci 25, 623-627.
8
Breene, W.M., 1990. Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Specialty Mushrooms. J Food Prot 53, 883-894.
9
Castillo, T.A., Lemos, R.A., Pereira, J.R.G., Alves, J.M.A., Teixeira, M.F.S., 2018. Mycelial Growth and Antimicrobial Activity of Pleurotus Species (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 20, 191-200.
10
Cebin, A.V., Petravic-Tominac, V., Djakovic, S., Srecec, S., Zechner-Krpan, V., Piljac-Zegarac, J., et al., 2018. Polysaccharides and Antioxidants from Culinary-Medicinal White Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes), Waste Biomass. Int J Med Mushrooms 20, 797-808.
11
Chen, W., Tan, H., Liu, Q., Zheng, X., Zhang, H., Liu, Y., et al., 2019. A Review: The bioactivities and pharmacological applications of phellinus linteus. Molecules 24, 1888.
12
da Silva de Souza, A.C., Correa, V.G., Goncalves, G.A., Soares, A.A., Bracht, A., Peralta, R.M., 2017. Agaricus blazei Bioactive Compounds and their Effects on Human Health: Benefits and Controversies. Curr Pharm Des 23, 2807-2834.
13
Glamoclija, J., Ciric, A., Nikolic, M., Fernandes, A., Barros, L., Calhelha, R.C., et al., 2015. Chemical characterization and biological activity of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a medicinal "mushroom". J Ethnopharmacol 162, 323-332.
14
Inbakani, S.A., Siva, R., 2017. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using edible mushrooms and it's bactericidal activities. Res J Pharm Technol 10, 467-472.
15
Kuete, V., Ango, P.Y., Fotso, G.W., Kapche, G.D., Dzoyem, J.P., Wouking, A.G., et al., 2011. Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae). BMC Complement Altern Med 11, 42.
16
Ozen, T., Darcan, C., Aktop, O., Turkekul, I., 2011. Screening of antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and chemical contents of edible mushrooms wildly grown in the black sea region of Turkey. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 14, 72-84.
17
Rosa, L.H., Machado, K.M., Jacob, C.C., Capelari, M., Rosa, C.A., Zani, C.L., 2003. Screening of Brazilian basidiomycetes for antimicrobial activity. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98, 967-974.
18
Sharma, H., Karnwal, A., 2018. Impact of Herbal Extracts in Biocontroling of Four Human Pathogenic Bacteria-an in-vitro Study. Res J Pharm Technol 11, 2895-2900.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Use of Enzymes in Dairy Industry: A Review of Current Progress
This review paper aimed to provides precious information about the function and use of different enzymes in dairy food applications. An enzyme is called a protein and catalyzes a specific reaction. Every enzyme is intended to initiate a particular reaction with a specific outcome. Moreover, numerous enzymes are present in the human body. Dairy food applications include the use of different enzymes, such as protease, to lessen the allergic properties of bovine milk products and lipase to improve the flavor of the cheese. Caseins, which are acid-soluble, are free from a flavor and can be suitable for addition to beverages and acidy foods by the limitation of proteolysis. The hydrolysates of casein are better to use in foods based on milk proteins for newborn children with allergy to bovine milk. Lipolysis makes a significant role in the flavor of Swiss cheese. The peppery flavor of Blue cheese is produced by short-chain unsaturated fats and methyl ketones. Many minor enzymes with limited application in dairy processes are sulphydryl oxidase, lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase, catalase, lysozyme, and superoxide dismutase. Both catalase and glucose oxidase are utilized in food preservation processes. The scope minor enzymes in milk products needed for better production of dairy products and for the future of dairy technology. The worldwide market for the production of microbial enzymes used in dairy products processing is impressively increasing; however, there are a limited number of enzyme-producing industries in the market. The production of proteinase, lactase, lipase, and microbial rennet is increasing in the laboratory and small scales. In near future, the need for these enzymes will be undoubtedly significantly increasing essentially due to the requirement of significant nutritional valuable dairy products in the country to overcome malnutrition and obesity and shift toward low-fat and healthy foods.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_120986_7a77e824772c97aa0414de8ca0625de5.pdf
2020-03-01
131
136
10.22092/ari.2019.126286.1341
Dairy industry
Enzymes
Dairy products
dairy food technology
U.
Mir Khan
usmanmirkhan@yahoo.com
1
National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition, and Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Z.
Selamoglu
zselamoglu@ohu.edu.tr
2
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University Campus, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alkan, H., Baysal, Z., Uyar, F., Dogru, M., 2007. Production of lipase by a newly isolated Bacillus coagulans under solid-state fermentation using melon wastes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 136, 183-192.
1
Andersen, M.R., Nielsen, M.L., Nielsen, J., 2008. Metabolic model integration of the bibliome, genome, metabolome and reactome of Aspergillus niger. Mol Syst Biol 4, 178.
2
Bönisch, M.P., Huss, M., Weitl, K., Kulozik, U., 2007. Transglutaminase cross-linking of milk proteins and impact on yoghurt gel properties. Int Dairy J 17, 1360-1371.
3
Couto, S.R., Sanromán, M.A., 2006. Application of solid-state fermentation to food industry—a review. J Food Eng 76, 291-302.
4
Dajanta, K., Chukeatirote, E., Apichartsrangkoon, A., 2008. Effect of lactoperoxidase system on keeping quality of raw cow's milk in Thailand. Int J Dairy Sci 3, 112-116.
5
Deeth, H.C., 2006. Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis in milk. Int Dairy J 16, 555-562.
6
Duruyurek, M., Dusgun, C., Gulhan, M.F., Selamoğlu, Z., 2015. Production of bioethanol from waste potato. Turkish J Agric Food Sci Technol 3, 331-334.
7
Erdemli, M.E., Akgul, H., Ege, B., Aksungur, Z., Bag, H.G., Selamoglu, Z., 2017. The effects of grapeseed extract and low level laser therapy administration on the liver in experimentally fractured mandible. J Turgut Ozal Med Center 24, 127-133.
8
Farkye, N.Y., 2004. Cheese technology. Int J Dairy Technol 57, 91-98.
9
Farnsworth, J., Li, J., Hendricks, G., Guo, M., 2006. Effects of transglutaminase treatment on functional properties and probiotic culture survivability of goat milk yogurt. Small Ruminant Res 65, 113-121.
10
Fox, P.F., 2002. Significance of Indigenous Enzymes in Milk and Dairy Products. Handbook of food enzymology, Florida: CRC Press, pp. 270-293.
11
Gauche, C., Tomazi, T., Barreto, P., Ogliari, P., Bordignon-Luiz, M., 2009. Physical properties of yoghurt manufactured with milk whey and transglutaminase. LWT Food Sci Technol 42, 239-243.
12
Hasan, F., Shah, A.A., Hameed, A., 2006. Industrial applications of microbial lipases. Enzyme Microb Technol 39, 235-251.
13
Low, Y.H., Agboola, S., Zhao, J., Lim, M.Y., 2006. Clotting and proteolytic properties of plant coagulants in regular and ultrafiltered bovine skim milk. Int Dairy J 16, 335-343.
14
Manay, N., Shakuntala, O., 2001. Food: facts and principles, India: New Age International, pp. 116-130.
15
Merheb-Dini, C., Gomes, E., Boscolo, M., da Silva, R., 2010. Production and characterization of a milk-clotting protease in the crude enzymatic extract from the newly isolated Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31: (Milk-clotting protease from the newly isolated Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31). Food Chem 120, 87-93.
16
Ozer, B., Kirmaci, H.A., Oztekin, S., Hayaloglu, A., Atamer, M., 2007. Incorporation of microbial transglutaminase into non-fat yogurt production. Int Dairy J 17, 199-207.
17
Salmas, R.E., Gulhan, M.F., Durdagi, S., Sahna, E., Abdullah, H.I., Selamoglu, Z., 2017. Effects of propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and pollen on renal injury in hypertensive rat: An experimental and theoretical approach. Cell Biochem Funct 35, 304-314.
18
Şanlı, T., Sezgin, E., Deveci, O., Şenel, E., Benli, M., 2011. Effect of using transglutaminase on physical, chemical and sensory properties of set-type yoghurt. Food Hydrocolloids 25, 1477-1481.
19
Sevindik, M., Akgul, H., Bal, C., Selamoglu, Z., 2018. Phenolic contents, oxidant/antioxidant potential and heavy metal levels in Cyclocybe cylindracea. Indian J PharmEduc Res 52, 437-441.
20
Silva, C.R.d., Delatorre, A.B., Martins, M.L.L., 2007. Effect of the culture conditions on the production of an extracellular protease by thermophilic Bacillus sp and some properties of the enzymatic activity. Braz J Microbiol 38, 253-258.
21
Tamang, J.P., Fleet, G.H., 2009. Yeasts diversity in fermented foods and beverages. Yeast biotechnology: diversity and applications, New York: Springer, pp. 169-198.
22
Tanasupawat, S., Komagata, K., 2001. Lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Southeast Asia. Microbial Diversity in Asia: Technology and Prospects, Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 43-59.
23
Wilkinson, A.P., Gee, J.M., Dupont, M.S., Needs, P.W., Mellon, F.A., Williamson, G., et al., 2003. Hydrolysis by lactase phlorizin hydrolase is the first step in the uptake of daidzein glucosides by rat small intestine in vitro. Xenobiotica 33, 255-264.
24
Wood, B.J., 2012. Microbiology of fermented foods, Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, pp. 170-189.
25