ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The first genetic identification of Theileria ovis subtype KP019206 in sheep in Iran
Ticks and tick-borne diseases, including theileriosis, constitute a major constraint to livestock production. Two species, known as Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria ovis, are suspected to contribute to ovine theileriosis in Iran. However, the epidemiological aspects of ovine theileriosis are poorly understood in this country. In a survey, designed to identify Theileria species in sheep, 52 (47.27%) out of 110 blood samples were positive, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Among 52 positive samples, 100% (52/52) were positive for T. ovis, while T. lestoquardi was not detected in any of the samples. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of T. ovis isolated from Kurdistan, Iran has been submitted to the GenBank and can be retrieved by the accession number, KP019206. The current study presents the first report of T. ovis in Iran, using molecular identification techniques. Moreover, this study evaluated the present status of Theileria infection in the west of Iran.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106917_aee566c6711937ce2c31f52766a6b119.pdf
2016-09-01
145
152
10.22034/ari.2016.106917
molecular identification
Ovine theileriosis
Theileria ovis
Theileria lestoquardi
Iran
M.
Khezri
khezri1836@yahoo.com
1
Veterinary Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
G.
Habibi
2
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
K.
Esmaeil-Nia
3
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Afshari
4
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmed, J., Yin, H., Bakheit, M., Liu, Z., Mehlhorn, H., Seitzer, U., 2011. Small Ruminant Theileriosis. In: Mehlhorn, H. (Ed.), Progress in Parasitology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, Pp. 135-153.
1
Aktaş, M., Altay, K., Dumanli, N., Survey of Theileria parasites of sheep in eastern Turkey using polymerase chain reaction. Small Ruminant Res 60, 289-293.
2
Altay, K., Dumanli, N., Holman, P.J., Aktas, M., 2005. Detection of Theileria ovis in naturally infected sheep by nested PCR. Vet Parasitol 127, 99-104.
3
Bishop, R.P., Odongo, D.O., Mann, D.J., Pearson, T.W., Sugimoto, C., Haines, L.R., Glass, E., Jensen, K., Seitzer, U., Ahmed, J.S., Graham, S.P., de Villiers, E.P., 2009. Theileria. In: Nene, V., Kole, C. (Eds.), Genome Mapping and Genomics in Animal-Associated Microbes, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 191-231.
4
Burridge, M.J., Brown, C.G.D., Kimber, C.D., 1974. Theileria annulata: Cross-reactions between a cell culture schizont antigen and antigens of East African species in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Exp Parasitol 35, 374-380.
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Darghouth, M.E., Bouattour, A., Ben Miled, L., Sassi, L., 1996. Diagnosis of Theileria annulata infection of cattle in Tunisia: comparison of serology and blood smears. Vet Res 27, 613-621.
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Durrani, A.Z., Younus, M., Kamal, N., Mehmood, N., Shakoori, A.R., 2011. Prevalence of Ovine Theileria Species in District Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Zool 43, 57-60.
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Friedhoff, K.T., 1997. Tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats caused by Babesia, Theileria or Anaplasma spp. Parassitologia 39, 99-109.
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Gao, Y.L., Yin, H., Luo, J.X., Ouyang, W.Q., Bao, H.M., Guan, G.Q., Zhang, Q.C., Lu, W.S., Ma, M.L., 2002. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Theileria sp. infection in sheep. Parasitol Res 88, S8-10.
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Guo, S., Yuan, Z., Wu, G., Wang, W., Ma, D., Du, H., 2002. Epidemiology of ovine theileriosis in Ganan region, Gansu Province, China. Parasitol Res 88, S36-37.
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Habibi, G.R., 2012. Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria annulata Infected Cell Line S15 Iran Vaccine Strain. Iran J Parasitol 6, 73-81.
11
Haddadzadeh, H.R., Rahbari, S., Khazraee Nia, P., Nabian, S., 2004. New concept on limiting factors of ovine & caprine malignant theileriosis. Iran J Vet Res 5, 43-46.
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Hashemi-Fesharaki, R., 1997. Tick-born disease of sheep and goats and their related vectors in Iran. Parasitologia 39, 115-117.
13
Heidarpour Bami, M., Haddadzadeh, H.R., Kazemi, B., Khazraiinia, P., Bandehpour, M., Aktas, M., 2009. Molecular identification of ovine Theileria species by a new PCR-RFLP method. Vet Parasitol 161, 171-177.
14
Heidarpour Bami, M., Khazraiinia, P., Haddadzadeh, H.R., Kazemi, B., 2010. Identification of Theileria species in sheep in the eastern half of Iran using nested PCR-RFLP and microscopic techniques. Iran J Vet Res 11, 262-266.
15
Hoghooghi-Rad, N., Hashemi, S., and AbdiGoudarzi, M. (2014). Molecular detection of Theileria ovis and T. lestoquardi in vector ticks in Lorestan province, Iran. Int J Biosci 4(12):78-83.
16
Hooshmand-Rad, P., 1974. Blood protozoan diseases of ruminants. Bulletin - Office int des épizooties 81, 779-792.
17
Hooshmand-Rad, P., Hawa, N.J., 1973. Malignant theileriosis of sheep and goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 5, 97-102.
18
Iqbal, F., Khattak, R., Ozubek, S., Khattak, M., Rasul, A., Aktas, M., 2013. Application of the Reverse Line Blot Assay for the Molecular Detection of Theileria and Babesia sp. in Sheep and Goat Blood Samples from Pakistan. Iran J Parasitol 8, 289-295.
19
Jalali, S.M., Khaki, Z., Kazemi, B., Rahbari, S., Shayan, P., Bandehpour, M., Yasini, S.P., 2014. Molecular Detection and Identification of Theileria Species by PCR-RFLP Method in Sheep from Ahvaz, Southern Iran. Iran J Parasitol 9, 99-106.
20
Latif, B.M., Hawa, N.J., Bakir, F.A., 1977. Incidence of malignant theileriosis (Theileria hirci) of sheep in Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Med 1, 124-128.
21
Mehlhorn, H., Schein, E., 1985. The Piroplasms: Life Cycle and Sexual Stages. In: Baker, J.R., Muller, R. (Eds.), Advances in Parasitology, Academic Press, pp. 37-103.
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Mousa, A.M.A.M., 2010. Identification of attenuation markers of a Theileria lestoquardi cell line to be used for the development of live vaccine against malignant ovine theileriosis. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. LMU München, Germany, p. 96.
23
Papadopoulos, B., Perié, N.M., Uilenberg, G., 1996. Piroplasms of domestic animals in the Macedonia region of Greece 1. Serological cross-reactions. Vet Parasitol 63, 41-56.
24
Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
25
Sayin, F., Dyncer, S., Karaer, Z., Cakmak, A., Yukary, B.A., Eren, H., Deger, S., Nalbantoglu, S., 1997. Status of tick-borne diseases in sheep and goats in Turkey. Parasitologia 39, 153-156.
26
Spitalska, E., Namavari, M.M., Hosseini, M.H., Shad-del, F., Amrabadi, O.R., Sparagano, O.A.E., 2005. Molecular surveillance of tick-borne diseases in Iranian small ruminants. Small Ruminant Res 57, 245-248.
27
Tageldin, M.H., Al-Kitany Fadiya, A., Al-Yahyae Sabra, A., Al, I.I.S.I., 2003. Theileriosis in sheep and goats in the Sultanate of Oman. Trop Anim Health Prod 37, 491-493.
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Tageldin, M.H., Zakia, A.M., Nagwa, Z.G., El Sawi, S.A.S., 1992. An outbreak of theileriosis in sheep in Sudan. Trop Anim Health Prod 24, 15-16.
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Uilenberg, G., 1981. Theileria Infections Other Than East Coast Fever. In: Ristic, M., McIntyre, I. (Eds.), Diseases of Cattle in the Tropics: Economic and Zoonotic Relevance, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 411-427.
30
Zaeemi, M., Haddadzadeh, H., Khazraiinia, P., Kazemi, B., Bandehpour, M., 2011. Identification of different Theileria species (Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria ovis, and Theileria annulata) in naturally infected sheep using nested PCR-RFLP. Parasitol Res 108, 837-843.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation, identification, and monitoring of antibiotic resistance in Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from sheep in East Azerbaijan province, Iran
The present study was carried out in order to isolate, identify, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative agent(s) of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep in East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Pneumonia was detected in 320 cases, and the affected lungs were sampled in the slaughterhouse. The samples were investigated bacteriologically for the isolation of two microorganisms from the Pasteurellaceae family. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from six (1.87%) samples, while none of the lung tissues were positive for Mannheimia haemolytica. After the isolation and detection of microorganisms via cultural and morphological tests, the bacteria were identified on the basis of biochemical criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all P. multocida isolates, using broth microdilution method. Evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eight antimicrobial agents against the tested isolates showed that all the organisms were resistant to amoxicillin and relatively susceptible to ceftiofur. In conclusion, P. multocida was introduced as the main cause of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in the studied district, and the outbreak frequency significantly varied in different seasons of the year (P<0.05).
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106920_2ce54a26977cb570dd1466db81a14464.pdf
2016-09-01
153
160
10.22034/ari.2016.106920
I.
Khalili
i.khalili@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Virus Biobank Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Ghadimipour
2
Departent ofm Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Ghaderi
3
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
GH.
Shokri
4
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.R.
Jabbari
a.jabbari@rvsri.ac.ir
5
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Razmaraii
6
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ebrahimi
7
Technical Director of Veterinary Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Arashima, Y., Kumasaka, K., 2005. Pasteurellosis as zoonosis. Intern Med 44, 692-693.
1
Azizi, S., Korani, F.S., Oryan, A., 2013. Pneumonia in slaughtered sheep in south-western Iran: pathological characteristics and aerobic bacterial aetiology. Vet Ital 49, 109-118.
2
Brogden, K.A., Nordholm, G., Ackermann, M., 2007. Antimicrobial activity of cathelicidins BMAP28, SMAP28, SMAP29, and PMAP23 against Pasteurella multocida is more broad-spectrum than host species specific. Vet Microbiol 119, 76-81.
3
Chung, J.Y., Zhang, Y., Adler, B., 1998. The capsule biosynthetic locus of Pasteurella multocida A:1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 166, 289-296.
4
Dar, L.M., Darzi, M.M., Mir, M.S., Kamil, S.A., Rashid, A., Abdullah, S., 2013. Prevalence of lung affections in sheep in northern temperate regions of India: A postmortem study. Small Ruminant Research 110, 57-61.
5
Davies, R.L., MacCorquodale, R., Reilly, S., 2004. Characterisation of bovine strains of Pasteurella multocida and comparison with isolates of avian, ovine and porcine origin. Vet Microbiol 99, 145-158.
6
Demissie, T., Dawo, F., Sisay, T., 2014. Biochemical and antigenic characterization of Mannheimia, Pasteurella and Mycoplasma species from naturally infected pneumonic sheep and goats, Bishoftu, Ethiopia. African Journal of Basic & Applied Science 6, 198-204.
7
Ebrahimi, A., Halajifar, M., Ataei, S., Lotfalian, S., 2010. Investigation of Pasteurella multocida in sheep pneumonic lesions of Kashan abattoir. Journal of Animal Health and Disease 4, 29-32.
8
Ewers, C., Lubke-Becker, A., Bethe, A., Kiebling, S., Filter, M., Wieler, L.H., 2006. Virulence genotype of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from different hosts with various disease status. Vet Microbiol 114, 304-317.
9
Ferreira, T.S., Felizardo, M.R., Senade Gobbi, D.D., Gomes, C.R., Nogueira Filsner, P.H., Moreno, M., 2012. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from rabbits in Brazil. Science World Journal, 1-6.
10
Guler, L., Gunduz, K., Sarishahin, A.S., 2013. Capsular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from different hosts. Kafkas University Veterinary Fakultesi Dergisi 19, 843-849.
11
Hawari, A.D., Hassawi, D.S., Sweiss, M., 2008. Isolation and Identification of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in Sheep and Goats using Biochemical Tests and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis. Journal of Biological Sciences 8, 1251-1254.
12
Jabeen, A., Khattak, M., Munir, S., Jamal, Q., Hussain, M., 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular analysis of bacterial pathogen Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutic Science 3, 106-110.
13
Khamesipour, F., Momtaz, H., Azhdary Mamoreh, M., 2014. Occurrence Of Virulence Factors And Antimicrobial Resistance In Pasteurella Multocida Strains Isolated From Slaughter Cattle In Iran. Frontiers in Microbiology 5.
14
Kumar, A.A., Shivachandra, S.B., Biswas, A., Singh, V.P., Singh, V.P., Srivastava, S.K., 2004. Prevalent serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolated from different animal and avian species in India. Vet Res Commun 28, 657-667.
15
Lichtensteiger, C.A., Steenbergen, S.M., Lee, R.M., Polson, D.D., Vimr, E.R., 1996. Direct PCR analysis for toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. J Clin Microbiol 34, 3035-3039.
16
Lion, C., Conroy, M.C., Carpentier, A.M., Lozniewski, A., 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Pasteurella strains isolated from humans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 27, 290-293.
17
Odugbo, M.O., Odama, L.E., Umoh, J.U., Lamorde, A.G., 2006. Pasteurella multocida pneumonic infection in sheep:
18
Prevalence, clinical and pathological studies. Small Ruminant Research 66, 273-277.
19
Safaee, S., Weiser, G.C., Cassirer, E.F., Ramey, R.R., Kelley, S.T., 2006. Microbial diversity in bighorn sheep revealed by culture-independent methods. J Wildl Dis 42, 545-555.
20
Shayegh, J., Dolgari Sharaf, J., Mikaili, P., Namvar, H., 2009. Pheno- and genotyping of Pasteurella Multocida isolated from goat in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology 8, 3707-3710.
21
Songer, J.G., Post, K.W., 2004. Veterinary Microbiology - Elsevieron VitalSource: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease, Elsevier Health Sciences.
22
Tabatabaei, M., Liu, Z., Finucane, A., Parton, R., Coote, J., 2002. Protective immunity conferred by attenuated aroA derivatives of Pasteurella multocida B:2 strains in a mouse model of hemorrhagic septicemia. Infect Immun 70, 3355-3362.
23
Tehrani, A.A., Ras, M.B., Niazy, H., 2004. Isolation and identification of Pasteurella Haemolytica biotype A from sheep in Uremia, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 5, 105-109.
24
Townsend, K.M., Frost, A.J., Lee, C.W., Papadimitriou, J.M., Dawkins, H.J., 1998. Development of PCR assays for species- and type-specific identification of Pasteurella multocida isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36, 1096-1100.
25
Weiser, G.C., DeLong, W.J., Paz, J.L., Shafii, B., Price, W.J., Ward, A.C., 2003. Characterization of Pasteurella multocida associated with pneumonia in bighorn sheep. J Wildl Dis 39, 536-544.
26
Wilson, B.A., Ho, M., 2013. Pasteurella multocida: from zoonosis to cellular microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 26, 631-655.
27
Zamri-Saad, M., Effendy, A.W.M., Maswati, M.A., Salim, N., Sheikh-Omar, A.R., 1996. The goat as a model for studies of pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteu
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and in-vitro characterization of alginate microspheres incorporating leptospiral antigens as a delivery system and adjuvant
Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Currently, multivalent whole-cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against leptospirosis. Therefore, preparation and formulation of new generations of vaccines that can stimulate long-term immunity for leptospirosis control are essential. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system for immunization against leptospirosis. We used five Leptospira interrogans serovars, namely, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Serjo harjo, Pomona, and Canicola, for antigen preparation. Alginate microspheres containing leptospiral antigen (LA) were prepared by an emulsification method and evaluated with respect to morphology, size distribution, loading efficiency (LE), loading capacity (LC), and release profile. The effects of concentration of alginate and emulsifiers and stirring rate on characteristics of microspheres were investigated. The optimal condition parameters for the preparation of LA-loaded alginate microspheres were estimated. The optimum concentrations obtained for alginate and emulsifiers were 3.65% (w/v), Span 80 (0.24% w/v), and Tween 80 (3.85% w/v), respectively. Moreover, the appropriate homogenization rate was 500 rpm. Our results showed mean particle size of 200 μm, 97.41% LE, and 8% LC for the microspheres. Sufficient release profile was observed for in-vitro release test of LA from alginate microspheres over an extended period of time (216 hour). Therefore, alginate microspheres technologically seem to be a promising antigen delivery system for leptospiral vaccine.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106969_c2dcbfd4bf9b630389c4d9894e07a086.pdf
2016-09-01
161
168
10.22034/ari.2016.106969
Leptospira spp
Leptospiral antigen
Alginate
Microspheres
Antigen delivery
Immunization
F.
Inanlou
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
P.
Khaki
khakipejvak53@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Mohammadpour
3
Department of Venom and Human Sera, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Zolfagharian
4
Department of Venom and Human Sera, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Adler, B., Moctezuma, A.D., 2009. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Veterinary Journal of Microbiology 4, 4382-4392.
1
Anal, A.K., Bhopatkar, D., Tokura, S., Tamura, H., Stevens, W.F., 2003. Chitosan-alginate multilayer beads for gastric passage and controlled intestinal release of protein. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 29, 713-724.
2
Andre-Fontaine, G., Branger, C., Gray, A.W., Klaasen, H.L., 2003. Comparison of the efficacy of three commercial bacterins in preventing canine leptospirosis. Vet Rec 153, 165-169.
3
Arenas-Gamboa, A.M., Ficht, T.A., Kahl-McDonagh, M.M., Rice-Ficht, A.C., 2008. Immunization with a single dose of a microencapsulated Brucella melitensis mutant enhances protection against wild-type challenge. Infect Immun 76, 2448-2455.
4
Behboudi, S., Morein, B., Rönnberg, B., 1995. Isolation and quantification of Quillaja saponaria Molina saponins and lipids in iscom-matrix and iscoms. Vaccine 13, 1690-1696.
5
Cho, N.-H., Seong, S.-Y., Chun, K.-H., Kim, Y.-H., Chan Kwon, I., Ahn, B.-Y., Jeong, S.Y., 1998. Novel mucosal immunization with polysaccharide–protein conjugates entrapped in alginate microspheres. Journal of Controlled Release 53, 215-224.
6
Dobakhti, F., Ajdary, S., Taghikhani, M., Rafiei, S., Bayati, K., Rafiee-Tehrani, M., 2006. Immune Response Following Oral Immunization with BCG Encapsulated in Alginate Microspheres. Iran J Immunol 3, 114-120.
7
Faisal, S.M., Yan, W., McDonough, S.P., Chang, C.F., Pan, M.J., Chang, Y.F., 2009a. Leptosome-entrapped leptospiral antigens conferred significant higher levels of protection than those entrapped with PC-liposomes in a hamster model. Vaccine 27, 6537-6545.
8
Faisal, S.M., Yan, W., McDonough, S.P., Chang, Y.F., 2009b. Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein A variable region (LigAvar) incorporated in liposomes and PLGA microspheres produces a robust immune response correlating to protective immunity. Vaccine 27, 378-387.
9
Flick-Smith, H.C., Eyles, J.E., Hebdon, R., Waters, E.L., Beedham, R.J., Stagg, T.J., Miller, J., Alpar, H.O., Baillie, L.W., Williamson, E.D., 2002. Mucosal or parenteral administration of microsphere-associated Bacillus anthracis protective antigen protects against anthrax infection in mice. Infect Immun 70, 2022-2028.
10
Florindo, H.F., Pandit, S., Goncalves, L.M., Alpar, H.O., Almeida, A.J., 2008. Streptococcus equi antigens adsorbed onto surface modified poly-epsilon-caprolactone microspheres induce humoral and cellular specific immune responses. Vaccine 26, 4168-4177.
11
Gupta, R.K., 1998. Aluminum compounds as vaccine adjuvants. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 32, 155-172.
12
Jin, M., Zheng, Y., Hu, Q., 2009. Preparation and characterization of bovine serum albumin alginate/chitosan microspheres for oral administration. Pharmacological Sciences 4, 215-220.
13
Kim, B., Bowersock, T., Griebel, P., Kidane, A., Babiuk, L.A., Sanchez, M., Attah-Poku, S., Kaushik, R.S., Mutwiri, G.K., 2002. Mucosal immune responses following oral immunization with rotavirus antigens encapsulated in alginate microspheres. Journal of Controlled Release 85, 191-202.
14
Klimpel, G.R., Matthias, M.A., Vinetz, J.M., 2003. Leptospira interrogans Activation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Preferential Expansion of TCRγδ+ T Cells vs TCRαβ+ T Cells. The Journal of Immunology 171, 1447-1455.
15
Krasaekoopt, W., Bhandari, B., Deeth, H., 2004. The influence of coating materials on some properties of alginate beads and survivability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. International Dairy Journal 14, 737-743.
16
Lemoine, D., Wauters, F., Bouchend'homme, S., Préat, V., 1998. Preparation and characterization of alginate microspheres containing a model antigen. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 176, 9-19.
17
Rodrigues, A.P., Hirsch, D., Figueiredo, H.C.P., Logato, P.V.R., Moraes, Â.M., 2006. Production and characterisation of alginate microparticles incorporating Aeromonas hydrophila designed for fish oral vaccination. Process Biochemistry 41, 638-643.
18
Sangeetha, S., Nagasamy Venkatesh, D., Adhiyaman, R., Santhi, K., Suresh, B., 2007. Formulation of Sodium Alginate Nanospheres Containing Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Systemic Candidiasis. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 6, 653-659.
19
Shi, L., Caulfield, M.J., Chern, R.T., Wilson, R.A., Sanyal, G., Volkin, D.B., 2002. Pharmaceutical and immunological evaluation of a single-shot hepatitis B vaccine formulated with PLGA microspheres. J Pharm Sci 91, 1019-1035.
20
Stevenson, B., Choy, H.A., Pinne, M., Rotondi, M.L., Miller, M.C., Demoll, E., Kraiczy, P., Cooley, A.E., Creamer, T.P., Suchard, M.A., Brissette, C.A., Verma, A., Haake, D.A., 2007. Leptospira interrogans endostatin-like outer membrane proteins bind host fibronectin, laminin and regulators of complement. PLoS One 2, e1188.
21
Tafaghodi, M., Sajadi Tabasi, S.A., Jaafari, M.R., 2006. Formulation, characterization and release studies of alginate microspheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 17, 909-924.
22
Tafaghodi, M., Sajadi Tabasi, S.A., Payan, M., 2007. Alginate Microsphere as a Delivery System and Adjuvant for Autoclaved Leishmania major and Quillaja Saponin: Preparation and Characterization. Iranian Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 3, 61-68.
23
Wan, L.S., Heng, P.W., Chan, L.W., 1992. Drug encapsulation in alginate microspheres by emulsification. J Microencapsul 9, 309-316.
24
Wan, L.S.C., Heng, P.W.S., Chan, L.W., 1994. Surfactant effects on alginate microspheres. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 103, 267-275.
25
Yan, W., Faisal, S.M., McDonough, S.P., Divers, T.J., Barr, S.C., Chang, C.F., Pan, M.J., Chang, Y.F., 2009. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Leptospira immunoglobulin-like protein B (rLigB) in a hamster challenge model. Microbes Infect 11, 230-237.
26
Yeh, M.-K., Liu, Y.-T., Chen, J.-L., Chiang, C.-H., 2002. Oral immunogenicity of the inactivated Vibrio cholerae whole-cell vaccine encapsulated in biodegradable microparticles. Journal of Controlled Release 82, 237-247.
27
Zheng, C.H., Gao, J.Q., Zhang, Y.P., Liang, W.Q., 2004. A protein delivery system: biodegradable alginate-chitosan-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite microspheres. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 323, 1321-1327.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi in Iranian dromedaries
Considering the importance of Theileria equi infection in horse breeding industry and marketing, in the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T. equi among dromedaries in central Iran, where a considerable number of camels and horses are raised and equine theileriosis is quite prevalent. For this purpose, a total of 161 blood samples from camels were examined in terms of T. equi infection, using parasitological and molecular methods. For molecular detection of T. equi, primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene were selected. Microscopic examination revealed that 0.6% of camels were positive for the intraerythrocytic stage of Theileria species, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method detected T. equi in 7 (4.3%) out of 161 camels. Sequences of 18S rRNAs from all the isolates showed more than 99% homology to each other and T. equi isolates in the GenBank. With respect to the single-nucleotide substitution in 18S rRNA gene of the studied camels, three different genotypes were identified and submitted to the GenBank. Considering the homology between 18S rRNA sequences of T. equi in the studied samples and those available in the GenBank, the phylogenetic tree formed three distinct, but highly-related clusters. In this study, age, gender, and locality were not determined as risk factors for T. equi infection in camels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that T. equi is present among Iranian camels.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106970_f90ffbec37fe06acd3c30a3280979c43.pdf
2016-09-01
169
175
10.22034/ari.2016.106970
Theileria equi
Camel
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Phylogenetic analysis
Yazd
S.
Bahrami
s.bahrami@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.R.
Tabandeh
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Nikbin
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.R.
Alborzi
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.R.
Ghadrdan
5
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abedi, V., Razmi, G., Seifi, H., Naghibi, A., 2014. Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infection in horses and ixodid ticks in Iran. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5, 239-244.
1
Acici, M., Umur, S., Guvenc, T., Arslan, H.H., Kurt, M., 2008. Seroprevalence of equine babesiosis in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Parasitol Int 57, 198-200.
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3
Alhassan, A., Pumidonming, W., Okamura, M., Hirata, H., Battsetseg, B., Fujisaki, K., Yokoyama, N., Igarashi, I., 2005. Development of a single-round and multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Babesia caballi and Babesia equi in horse blood. Vet Parasitol 129, 43-49.
4
Apanaskevich, D.A., Schuster, A.L., Horak, I.G., 2008. The Genus Hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all Parasitic Stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 45, 817-831.
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Avarzed, A., Igarashi, I., Kanemaru, T., Hirumi, K., Omata, Y., Saito, A., Oyamada, T., Nagasawa, H., Toyoda, Y., Suzuki, N., 1997. Improved in vitro cultivation of Babesia caballi. J Vet Med Sci 59, 479-481.
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Bahrami, S., Ghadrdan, A.R., Mirabdollahi, S.M., Fayed, M.R., 2014a. Diagnosis of subclinical equine theileriosis in center of Iran using parasitological and molecular methods. Trop Biomed 31, 110-117.
7
Bahrami, S., Ghadrdan, A.R., Pourmahdi, M., Salarpour, M.V., 2014b. Epidemiology of Theileria equi in Persian Arab horses from Iran. Veterinarni Medicina 59, 409-414.
8
Beck, R., Vojta, L., Mrljak, V., Marinculic, A., Beck, A., Zivicnjak, T., Caccio, S.M., 2009. Diversity of Babesia and Theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in Croatia. Int J Parasitol 39, 843-848.
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Boid, R., Jones, T.W., Luckins, A.G., 1985. 3. Protozoal diseases of camels. British Veterinary Journal 141, 87-105.
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Criado-Fornelio, A., Martinez-Marcos, A., Buling-Saraña, A., Barba-Carretero, J.C., 2003. Molecular studies on Babesia, Theileria and Hepatozoon in southern Europe: Part I. Epizootiological aspects. Veterinary Parasitology 113, 189-201.
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de Waal, D.T., 1992. Equine piroplasmosis: A review. British Veterinary Journal 148, 6-14.
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Egbe-Nwiyi, T.N., 1994. Haematological and pathological studies of camel babesiosis in Nigeria. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 42, 287–290.
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Fritz, D., 2010. A PCR study of piroplasms in 166 dogs and 111 horses in France (March 2006 to March 2008). Parasitol Res 106, 1339-1342.
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Garcia-Bocanegra, I., Arenas-Montes, A., Hernandez, E., Adaszek, L., Carbonero, A., Almeria, S., Jaen-Tellez, J.A., Gutierrez-Palomino, P., Arenas, A., 2013. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection in equids. Vet J 195, 172-178.
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Heim, A., Passos, L.M., Ribeiro, M.F., Costa-Junior, L.M., Bastos, C.V., Cabral, D.D., Hirzmann, J., Pfister, K., 2007. Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi isolates from endemic areas of Brazil. Parasitol Res 102, 63-68.
18
Karatepe, B., Karatepe, M., Cakmak, A., Karaer, Z., Ergun, G., 2009. Investigation of seroprevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Nigde province, Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 41, 109-113.
19
Kouam, M.K., Kantzoura, V., Gajadhar, A.A., Theis, J.H., Papadopoulos, E., Theodoropoulos, G., 2010. Seroprevalence of equine piroplasms and host-related factors associated with infection in Greece. Vet Parasitol 169, 273-278.
20
Leemans, I., Brown, D., Fossum, C., Hooshmand-Rad, P., Kirvar, E., Wilkie, G., Uggla, A., 1999. Infectivity and cross-immunity studies of Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria annulata in sheep and cattle: II. In vitro studies. Veterinary Parasitology 82, 193-204.
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22
Mujica, F.F., Perrone, T., Forlano, M., Coronado, A., Melendez, R.D., Barrios, N., Alvarez, R., Granda, F., 2011. Serological prevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in horses of Lara State, Venezuela. Vet Parasitol 178, 180-183.
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30
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis among Arabian horses in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran
Giardia duodenalis is globally recognized as an important zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasite. So far, eight assemblages of G. duodenalis (A-H) have been identified. Substantial evidence suggests the zoonotic potential of assemblages A, B, and E in livestock. In this study, the genotype of Giardia duodenalis isolates was genetically identified by determining the sequence of ssu-rRNA gene and performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on glutamate dehydrogenase gene of the parasite in Arabian horses from Ahvaz, located in southwest of Iran. The results revealed that assemblages AI and E (livestock-associated G. duodenalis) were present in horse isolates. Also, based on the findings, prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among horses was estimated at 35.7%. The results indicated that G. duodenalis is highly prevalent among Arabian horses, posing a zoonotic risk for giardiasis in Ahvaz, Iran.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106971_bb6b06f1b8f5d7a11a7e300942bfd4cf.pdf
2016-09-01
177
181
10.22034/ari.2016.106971
Giardia duodenalis
genotyping
ssu-rRNA
gdh
Arabian horse
Iran
H.
Jafari
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.H.
Razi Jalali
jalali_m@scu.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Seyfi Abad Shapouri
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.R.
Haji Hajikolaii
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Adam, R.D., 2001. Biology of Giardia lamblia. Clin Microbiol Rev 14, 447-475.
1
Appelbee, A.J., Frederick, L.M., Heitman, T.L., Olson, M.E., 2003. Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada. Veterinary Parasitology 112, 289-294.
2
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3
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4
Coklin, T., Farber, J., Parrington, L., Dixon, B., 2007. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada. Vet Parasitol 150, 297-305.
5
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9
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14
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15
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16
cryptosporidium and giardia infections in Italy and molecular characterization of isolates. Zoonoses Public Health 57, 510-517.
17
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19
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20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro study of drug-protein interaction using electronic absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy
In the near future, design of a new generation of drugs targeting proteins will be required. Considering the complex bond between the drug and protein, the structure and stability of the target protein should be considered. So far, a series of in vitro investigations have been conducted with the aim of predicting drug-biological medium interactions. In these studies, use of spectroscopic methods, such as electronic absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, which are briefly discussed in the present study, has been highlighted. The binding affinity of drug(s) to protein(s) and their binding mechanism(s) can be clearly determined by these methods, which reveal reactions in biological systems at low concentrations under physiological conditions. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy can be used as an accessible tool to measure slight changes in protein structure. Moreover, fluorescence spectroscopy provides tertiary structural information. On the other hand, circular dichroism spectroscopy in far-ultraviolet regions (180–260 nm) yields suitable information about different secondary structures of proteins. Conformational changes of proteins due to alterations such as physicochemical conditions, in vitro chemical modifications, and drug binding could impact ultraviolet-visible absorption, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectra. Therefore, the study of changed spectra could reveal the structure-activity relationship of drug compounds and target proteins. In the present study, a short description of the mentioned methods, along with some related equations which are usually used to analyze and discuss the preliminary data, is presented. Overall, the obtained results could facilitate the development of biological and pharmaceutical potentials of drugs in the future.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106972_28d37f594994fcaf2051d394a5d18e48.pdf
2016-09-01
183
194
10.22034/ari.2016.106972
In vitro study
Drug-protein interaction
Protein structure
Electronic
F.
Attar
f.attar@standard.ac.ir
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Khavari-Nejad
2
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad, B., Parveen, S., Khan, R.H., 2006. Effect of albumin conformation on the binding of ciprofloxacin to human serum albumin: a novel approach directly assigning binding site. Biomacromolecules 7, 1350-1356.
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41
Vahedian-Movahed, H., Saberi, M.R., Chamani, J., 2011. Comparison of binding interactions of lomefloxacin to serum albumin and serum transferrin by resonance light scattering and fluorescence quenching methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 28, 483-502.
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47
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Abnormal life cycle of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) on single-humped camels in Semnan, North-East of Iran
Hyalomma dromedarii (H. dromedarii) is a very characteristic tick with a cosmopolitan distribution, which is closely associated with camels. It is well adapted to extreme dryness of habitat and to camel hosts. In this study, we studied rural husbandry of one-humped camels (dromedaries) in a village in South-West of Semnan (Biabanak). A total of 163 ticks (94 adults and 67 nymphs) were found on two camels by palpation all over the body. All the found ticks were nymphs and adults of H. dromedarii. Almost all the adult ticks were unattached and moving on the camels’ wool. They were not engorged and their body colour varied from light to dark brown. Nymphal ticks were engorged or engorging and some were molting. It was concluded that these ticks were living as one-host ticks on the camels at this site. This finding probably explains why H. dromedarii follows different types of life cycles to survive unfavorable conditions.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106973_fbc76a735a56c8126683b8d26a57ff9d.pdf
2016-09-01
195
198
10.22034/ari.2016.106973
Camel
Hyalomma dromedarii
One-host
Semnan
Tick
M.R.
Salimi Bejestani
msalimi@semnan.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Changizi
2
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.M.
Darvishi
3
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdelrahman, H.S.M., 2012. A study on biology of camel ticks engorged female tick of (Hyalomma dromedarii) under laboratory condition. Department of Veterinary and Animal Science. Thesis, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
1
Alahmed, A.M., 2003. Life cycle and survival of Hyalommadromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. Agricultural Sciences. Sultan Qaboos University, pp. 11-14.
2
Apanaskevich, D.A., Schuster, A.L., Horak, I.G., 2008. The Genus Hyalomma: VII. Redescription of all Parasitic Stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 45, 817-831.
3
El Hakim, A.E., Shahein, Y.E., Abdel-Shafy, S., Abouelella, A.M., Hamed, R.R., 2011. Evaluation of glycoproteins purified from adult and larval camel ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) as a candidate vaccine. J Vet Sci 12, 243-249.
4
ELGhali, A., 2005. Studies on camel tick in River Nile state, Sudan with particular refrence to echology and behaviour on Hyalommadromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae). Veterinary and Animal Science. University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
5
Elghali, A., Hassan, S.M., 2010. Drop-off rhythms and survival periods of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) fed on camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan. Vet Parasitol 170, 302-306.
6
Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-Peña, A., Horak, I.G., 2013. The Hard Ticks of the World: (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae), Springer Netherlands.
7
Matyashov, V.D., 1996. Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrghyzstan, Bishkek.
8
Nabian, S., Rahbari, S., 2008. Occurrence of Soft and Hard Ticks on Ruminants in Zagros Mountainous Areas of Iran. Iranian Journal of Arthropod-Borne Disease 2, 16-20.
9
Nabian, S., Rahbari, S., Changizi, E., Shayan, P., 2009. The distribution of Hyalomma spp. ticks from domestic ruminants in Iran. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 23, 281-283.
10
Ouheli, H., 1994. Comparative development of Hyalommamarginatum(Koch, 1844), H. detritum (Schulze, 1919), H. lusitanicum (Koch, 1844)and H. dromedarii (Koch, 1844) under laboratory conditions. Acta Parasitology 39, 153-157.
11
Ranjbar-Bahadori, S., 2003. Study of species diversity of animal ticks in Garmsar. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 58 11-14.
12
Rasulov, I., 2007. Ticks status in Central Asia with a special emphasis on Uzbekistan. Parasitol Res 101 Suppl 2, S183-186.
13
Sabelis, M.W., Bruin, J., 2009. Seasonal adaptationsin the lifecycles of mitesandticks: comparative and evolutionary aspects. 12th international congress on Acarology, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp. 319-326.
14
Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Pe-a, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G., Preston, P.M., 2003. Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa: a Guide to Identification of Species. Bioscience Reports, 42 Comiston Drive, Edinburgh EH10 5QR, Scotland, U.K.
15
Zeleke, M., Bekele, T., 2004. Species of ticks on camels and their seasonal population dynamics in Eastern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 36, 225-231.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Changes in some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells following foot and mouth disease vaccination
Interleukin (IL)-17 is exclusively produced by CD4 helper T-cells upon activation. It most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study, we studied the in-vitro IL-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the IL-17 response to IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ responses. We used a foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine as specific antigens and mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [PHA], pokeweed mitogen [PWM], and concanavalin A [Con A]) to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated calves. Cell culture supernatant was harvested and analyzed for cytokines, using commercially available bovine ELISA kits. The mitogens induced a significant increase in IL-17 production. IL-17 was produced at high levels in response to the T cell-stimulated mitogens, PHA, and Con A, and at low levels in response to PWM mitogens. In contrast, level of the produced IL-17 cytokines in response to the FMDV antigens was lower as compared to those produced by mitogens. The FMDV antigens and mitogens significantly increased IL-17 production. There was not a correlation between IL-17 production and type-1 cytokine, IFN-γ, and IL-2, while there was a correlation between type-2 cytokine, IL-4, and IL-5 at either cytokine level produced by PBMCs stimulated by FMDV antigens. Moreover, there was an interaction between IL-17 and IL-6, that is, as IL-6 cytokine level elevated or diminished, IL-17 cytokine level increased or decreased, as well.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106974_9fe99a58637d66e47b52e3ff9bca44d3.pdf
2016-09-01
199
207
10.22034/ari.2016.106974
Interleukin-17
vaccine
Foot and Mouth disease
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
N.
Delirezh
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Norian
norian.reza@yahoo.com
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Azadmehr
3
Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
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