eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
75
80
10.22092/ari.2016.103868
103868
Appling real time RT-PCR for bluetongue virus detection in Iran
A. Shoshtari
1
F. Jeirani
2
H. Mahravani
3
S.M. Azimi
4
During 2009-10, real time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR techniques Used for detecting BTVs RNA in
310 blood samples. For real time and gel based RT-PCR segment-1 and segment-10 selected as conserve
genes to search any BTV strains. Using these methods, 58 (%18.7) and 14 (%4.5) positive samples were
detected among the clinically suspected sheep. Sensitivity of both molecular techniques evaluated by log-10
serial dilutions of BTV16 RNA, and determined 101.8 and 103.8 TCID50/ml in rRT-PCR and conventional
RT-PCR respectively. This report confirmed rRT-PCR assay could detect weak BTV positive samples even
at end stage of infection. In this study Virus isolation from selected positive samples failed by inoculation to
embryonated chicken egg, Vero and KC cell.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103868_50d34787d139fb0e0ee4ae60b7fd0b06.pdf
Real time RT
PCR
Conventional RT
Bluetongue
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
81
86
10.22092/ari.2016.103869
103869
Molecular typing of toxigenic Clostridum perfringens isolated from sheep in Iran
M. Moosawi shooshtari
1
R. Pilehchian Langroudi
2
M. Esmaelizad
3
S.A.R. Afshari Far
4
A.R. Jabbari
a.jabbari@rvsri.ac.ir
5
L. Abdolmohammadi Khiav
6
In this research a molecular method based on polymerase chain reaction for typing of Clostridium
perfringens was developed and toxin genotypes of 64 isolates from sheep and goats in Iran were
determined. The PCR assays were developed for detection of alpha (cpa), beta (cpb) and epsilon (etx)
toxin genes, allowing classification of the isolates into genotypes A B, C and D. The field isolates were
assigned to genotypes A (n=9, 14.07 %), B (n=20, 31.25%), C (n=17, 26.56%) and D (n=18, 28.12%). In
this PCR system the fragments of 900, 611 and 402 bp were amplified using specific primers for alpha,
beta and epsilon toxins, respectively. The fragments were confirmed by sequencing and blasting in
GenBank. The sequence alignment of the fragments showed more than 98% similarity with other related
published sequences from other sources. Our results suggest that PCR genotyping is an acceptable tool
for in vitro typing of C. perfringens.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103869_03b68c2c78c89781395e93860d45cb79.pdf
Clostridium perfringens
typing
Toxin
PCR
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
87
94
10.22092/ari.2016.103870
103870
Application of culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for isolation and identification of Mycoplasma synoviae on broiler chicken farms
A. Ashtari
1
A.R. Abtin
2
A.R. Homayounimehr
3
S.A. Pourbakhsh
poursaba@yahoo.com
4
M.A. Bayatzadeh
5
Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) is a major worldwide poultry pathogen that causes serious economic
losses in the poultry industry. This study was designed to detect M. synoviae through culture isolation and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to demonstrated the involvement of M. synoviae infection in trachea
and the lung/air sac samples taken from commercial broiler chicken farms in 3 main provinces of Iran
(Tehran, Markazi and Qazvin), with clinical signs of the disease. Total of 43 samples were cultured in
PPLO broth media supplemented for M. synoviae isolation. The bacteria DNAs were extracted by
phenol/chloroform method and the PCR assay amplifying the conserved region of 16S rRNA gene was
applied for the detection of Mycoplasma genus in 163bp fragment and M. synoviae in 207bp fragment from
culture as same as in clinical samples. Of the 43 swabs 28(65.1%) yielded one of the potentially pathogenic
mycoplasmas evaluated for using PPLO agar culture diagnostic method, and 33(76.8%) yielded one of the
potentially pathogenic Mycoplasmas evaluated for using Mycoplasma genus PCR as diagnostic method, and
24(55.9%) of the swabs yielded M. synoviae for using M. synoviae PCR as diagnostic method. In this study
we had observed the highest quantity of M. synoviae infections in broiler chicken with PCR test. In
conclusion, PCR is a more rapid, effective, sensitive and inexpensive method than the standard culture
technique, that could be used as an alternative method for traditional culture and showed the real number of
the M. synoviae contaminated broiler chicken farms.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103870_3796dcc72f1446142536b6df1058e303.pdf
Mycoplasma synoviae
Broiler chicken
PCR
16S rRNA
Culture
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
95
100
10.22092/ari.2016.103871
103871
Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Cow Milk Using Culture and PCR methods
B. Rezavand
1
M. Eslami
2
F. Sarkarati
3
R. Fathi
4
A. Nourizadeh
5
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of John’s disease also called
paratuberculosis. This is economically one of the important infectious diseases in cattle and ruminant
husbandry. This disease is manifested as granulomatosis entrocolitis, lymphadenitis and inflammation local
lymphatic vessels. The typical sign of this disease is progressive loss of weight. Considering the importance
of detection of this disease in this study, two methods, culture and PCR, were used for the identification of
this microorganism. In this study 100 milk samples from apparently healthy cows and 100 milk samples
from cows that have been suspicious of John’s disease were taken from in Sarab, East Azarbaijan, Iran.
Direct microscope observation after ziehl-neelsen staining was done. Then, bacterial culture on specific
medium was carried out, and finally, identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was
examined using PCR and specific primers. Using direct observation, culture and PCR analyses showed that
from 100 healthy cow milk samples, 8, 9 and 12 samples were positive MAP for each method respectively.
The results of direct observation, culture and PCR analysis on affected cows were 15, 40 and 44,
respectively. The results of this study showed that culture and PCR analyses methods are important in the
identification of the causes of this disease. Therefore, considering the frequency of the disease in the studied
region, either of those methods can be used in the microorganism identification.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103871_8385845dbf1b1e5ea1350a3e5204e1fb.pdf
John’s disease
Milk
Culture
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
PCR
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
101
107
10.22092/ari.2016.103872
103872
Detection of Paenibacillus larvae larvae spores in honey and diseased larvae Samples by culture and PCR
N. Moeinfar
1
H. Modirrousta
h.modirrousta@rvsri.ir
2
M. Moharrami
3
American foulbrood (AFB) is the most serious brood disease of the honey bee. Traditional methods are
reliable but rather slow simply because they are based on biochemical, morphological and physiological
identification of cultivated isolates. The aim of this study is the detection of Paenibacillus larvae larvae
spores in honey and diseased larvae samples by culture and PCR. Therefore 54 samples of diseased larvae
and 36 honey samples, were diluted with an equal volume of distilled water and centrifuged, then the pellet
was used for bacterial culture, DNA extraction and PCR. PCR products were electrophoresed on 0.8 %
agarose gel. Five of 54 (9.3 %) larvae samples and 5 of 36 (13.9 %) honey samples were positive for
Paenibacillus larvae larvae by culture and PCR. As a result, screening of honey and larvae samples by PCR
method proved to be a reliable, fast and useful method on regional and national scale for monitoring,
controlling, and using preventive measures before the occurrence of American foulbrood damages.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103872_17985c662667d0f46de38273141122ee.pdf
Hony bee
Paenibacillus larvae
American Foulbrood(AFB)
Brood disease
PCR
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
109
114
10.22092/ari.2016.103873
103873
Investigation on Incidence of Marek\'s Disease in Broiler Flocks of some Regions in Tehran Province, Iran
M.H. Hablolvarid
1
Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized by
mononuclear cellular infiltration in different organs. The disease is caused by a herpes virus and is
transmissible. MD has been a common, important problem for poultry industry worldwide, as well as, in
our country, Iran. The aim of present study was to have an estimation of the incidence of MD in broiler
flocks of some major regions of chicken rearing in Tehran province (Savojbolagh, Karaj, Shahriar and
Varamin). This was implemented by 35 times visiting of some poultry slaughterhouses and thoroughly
inspection of chicken's carcasses and histopathological examination of various tissues and organs of
suspected and normal slaughtered chickens from 80 broiler flocks, that was reared in Tehran province.
Gross and microscopic examinations of chickens, in four mentioned regions, showed that 24 out of 80
flocks (30%) had been infected to different forms of the disease. This result indicated that MD has a high
incidence in broiler flocks of Tehran province. The incidence of cutaneous, visceral and mixed cutaneous
and visceral forms in these regions (four regions) was determined as 16.2%, 3.8% and 10%, respectively.
Moreover, no case of nervous and ocular forms was seen in this study. The result of the current study gives
a hint for the importance and losses behind the high incidence of the MD in broiler flocks of Tehran
province, Iran. Further detailed study on MD in broiler flocks and on the effectiveness of available MD
vaccines in reducing the incidence and losses of the disease is recommended.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103873_3872c358a1ec6326b57951c442b1ca9f.pdf
Marek's disease
Incidence
Chicken
Histopathology
Iran
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
115
120
10.22092/ari.2016.103874
103874
Antibiotic resistance / susceptibility of 30 isolates of Bacillus anthracis isolated in Iran between 2007 and 2008
R. Banihashemi
1
H. Razzaz
2
K. Tadayon
3
B. Bakhshi
4
G. Moazeni Jula
5
Thirty isolates of Bacillus anthracis recovered from animal carcasses, soil and human in different localities
in Iran between 2007 and 2008. They were tested by standard disc diffusion susceptibility method for their
resistant/ susceptibility to different kinds of antibiotics. According to American National Committee of
Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines all isolates were sensitive to levofloxacin (100%),
cefixime (100%). Other isolates showed different kinds of sensitivity to: doxycycline (96.7%), cephalothin
(95.6%), ampicillin (95.6%), nitrofurantoin (95.6%), tetracycline (94.4%), ofloxacin (89.9%), gentamycin
(77.8%), nalidixic acid (72.2%), kanamycin (75.6%), erythromycin (71.1%), piperacillin (78.9%),
tobramycin(64.4%), choramphenicol (59.9%), cefotaxime (33.3%), ciprofloxacin (1.1%), cefuroxime
(33.3%), azithromycin (44.4%), streptomycin (55.6%), ticacillin (35.6%), rifampicin (34.4%), clindamycin
(74.4%), ceftriaxon (26.7%), methicillin (55.6%), trimethoprim (8.9%), cloxacillin (31.1%) and penicillin
(74.4%). One of the isolates was complete resistance to penicillin.Therefore, preventive and therapeutic
strategies involving the use of antibiotics should take the possibility of resistance and/or susceptibility of the
isolates into account and not decided without antibiotic sensitivity testing.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103874_3d1629abe3ada7a429f8ea79dc35375f.pdf
Bacillus anthracis
Antibiotics
Resistance/susceptibility
Iran
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
121
127
10.22092/ari.2016.103875
103875
Isolation and characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in the commercial turkey, quail flocks and domestic pigeons by bacteriological and molecular methods
M.H. BozorgmehriFard
1
M. Hassanzdeh
2
S. Mirzaie
3
M. Banani
4
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a respiratory pathogen which has been isolated throughout the
world from numerous bird species. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize the ORT
from domestic turkeys, quails and pigeons. For this purpose, 250 samples from each bird species (turkey,
quail and pigeon) with or without respiratory signs were tested by taking of tracheal swabs. In addition,
respiratory tissue samples (tracheal and lung), from 250 slaughtered turkeys, 50 slaughtered quails and 100
dead pigeons were also subjected to culture for ORT as tracheal swabs. Respiratory tissues were also tested
for bacterial DNA by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In general, 30 isolates including 4 isolates
from turkeys, 3 isolates from quails and 23 isolates from pigeons were identified as ORT by bacteriological
method and then confirmed by PCR. Bacterial DNA was detected in 20%, 50% and 35% of respiratory
tissues in turkeys, quails and pigeons respectively. Five ORT isolates from pigeon and all four isolates from
turkey showed smaller colony size, while other isolates had larger colonies when cultured in blood agar.
Fifty percent of the isolates with larger colony but none of the isolates with small colony size could
agglutinate red blood cells (RBCs). All of the isolates were sensitive to danofloxacin and chloramphenicol
while more than 90% of pigeon isolates were resistant to ampicillin. All of turkey and quail and 30% of
pigeon isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Our ORT isolates showed high identity (98%- 100%) in
sequence of 16S rRNA gene to related data in GeneBank.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103875_317c6a67dd3df7b42c79c5f461254155.pdf
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Turkeys
Quails
pigeon
Polymerase Chain Reaction
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
129
132
10.22092/ari.2016.103876
103876
Determination the frequency of Ixodid ticks on the sheep in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran
M. Rashtibaf
1
V. Najarnejad
2
G.R. Razmi
3
A survey was carried out to investigate the frequency of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on sheep in
Khorasan Razvi province. A total of 812 ticks were collected from the sheep of different areas of Khorsan
Razavi province five species were identified as follow: Rhipicephalus turanicus (59.23%),
Hyalomma.marginatum turanicum (25.73%), Hyalomma excavatum (14.8%), Hyalomma anatolicum
(8.3%), and Dermacentor niveus (4.8%). The frequency of tick infestation in southern parts was greater
than northern parts of the province. R. turanicuss and H. m. turanicum. Were dominant ticks in the
province.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103876_ddfdee68c67338653bc9d274d1d37d88.pdf
Ixodid tick
Sheep
Khorasan Razavi province
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
133
138
10.22092/ari.2016.103877
103877
Biochemical and Histopathological study of Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in the experimental rabbits
A. Zare Mirakabadi
1
E. Zayerzadeh
2
M.K. Koohi
3
In tropical and subtropical countries, envenomation by scorpions (so-called scorpionism) represents a
serious public health problem. In the present study, the toxic effects of mice LD50 injections of Mesobuthus
eupeus (Me) venom on the kidney and liver of anesthetized rabbits were investigated. Six rabbits were
selected and ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine were measured at 0, 1 and 3 hours after envenomation and
histopathological studies were carried out postmortem. All the animals showed signs and symptoms of
envenomation within 30-40 minutes and died 3 to 3.5 hours after venom injection. Histopathological
examinations revealed glumerolar congestion, dilated vessels of interstitium and focal interstitial congestion
in the kidney and focal hemorrhage, central vein congestion, congested vessels in portal areas and dilated
sinusoids in the liver at 3 to 3.5 hrs following venom injection. In addition, biochemical analyses indicated
significant rise in the levels of ALT and creatinine following Mesobuthus eupeus envenomation in animals
at 3 hrs. However no significant changes were observed at 1 hr. In conclusion, scorpion (Mesobuthus
eupeus) venom leads to damage in vital organs such as liver and kidney.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103877_1a5db956c6b6e91b7514d4c78afa8ff4.pdf
Mesobuthus eupeus
Rabbit
envenomation
histopathological changes
ALT
creatinine
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
139
145
10.22092/ari.2016.103878
103878
Antivenom injection time related effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomation in rabbits
S. Mahmoodi Khatoonabadi
1
A. Zare Mirakabadi
2
S. Teimoorzadeh
3
Hemiscorpius lepturus is the most dangerous scorpion species, endemic in Khuzestan province and other
southwestern areas of Iran, causing morbidity and mortality in children and adults. The efficacy of the antivenom
for reversal of manifestation caused by venom of this scorpion is a controversial issue. In the present work, H.
lepturus venom (1500 µg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into two separate groups of rabbits. Groups 1 and 2 of
rabbits received antivenom through i.v route, at 1 and 3 hours after venom injection respectively.
Electrocardiograms of all the rabbits recorded during the experiment. In group 1 rabbits blood collection carried
out, before and 1 hr after venom injection as well as 3 and 24 hours after antivenom injection.In group2 animals,
blood collection was carried out before and 3 hours after venom injection as well as 3 and 24 hours after
antivenom injection. Separated serum used for determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase
isoenzyme, MB (CK-MB), urea ، creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). In group 1 rabbits highly
significant (P
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103878_53555d9094789dce11233c904ebfde31.pdf
Hemiscorpius lepturus
scorpion’s venom
Antivenom
biochemical parameters
Electrocardiogram
eng
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
Archives of Razi Institute
0365-3439
2008-9872
2011-11-01
66
2
147
149
10.22092/ari.2016.103879
103879
StudyCapture myopathy in red deer and wild goat
J. Mirian
1
A. Alhami
2
H. Hamidieh
3
This syndrome is a shock-like hyper metabolic myopathy triggered in susceptible animals by stress. Capture
myopathy (C.M.) is a commonly occurring condition in mammals following trapping and transportation. In
this case 12 to 24 hours after transportation of red deer (Cevus elaphus) and wild goats (Capra ibex) clinical
signs such as: muscular tremor, ataxia, recumbency, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hyperventilation and red
brown urine observed. According to symptoms Capture myoparthy was diagnosed Treatment was
ineffective on one red deer and one wild goat. Necropsy findings of dead animals were included:
hyperemia, petechial hemorrhage in pericardium and heart muscle, pale foci of leg and heart muscles and
red brown urine in bladder. This case report represents the attention to Capture myopathy in wild animals
and particular caution that should be exercised in capturing and handling of these animals.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103879_3370183877ef5142493b894d80cae8cf.pdf
Capture myopathy
red deer
wild goat