@article { author = {Pourbakhsh, S.A.}, title = {Molecular characterization of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from commercial chickens in Iran}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.001}, abstract = {Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been reported from commercial chicken farms in different provinces of Iran. In some reports the phylogenetic analysis of MS isolates based on 16S rRNA and variable lipoprotein hemagglutinin (vlhA) genes have been carried out. The PCR product containing partial 16S rRNA genes of Iranain isolates was sequenced, and compared with 16S rRNA gene of MS sequences which were available in GenBank. Variations, polymorphisms, and differences between nucleotides of all isolates were observed. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed that all MS isolates from Iran were most closely related to sequences of MS from Brazil. Sequence analysis of the N-terminal end of the hemagglutinin encoding gene vlhA were also used as an alternative for the detection and initial typing of field strains of MS in commercial poultry. The results showed that there was a complete concordance between all Iranian isolates nucleotide sequence and the 5́-vlhA region sequence remained unchanged in all MS isolates and demonstrated differentiation between Iranian isolates and live commercial MS-H vaccine strain. More recently, the single-copy domain of the conserved region of vlhA gene in MS was sequenced, analyzed and verified to type MS field isolates in Iran and live vaccine MS-H strain. In addition, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was established based on single nucleotide polymorphism that existed in all field isolates of Iran to differentiate between these field isolates and MS-H. This PCR-RFLP method allowed differentiating all MS field isolates from the vaccine strain.}, keywords = {Mycoplasma synoviae,16S rRNA sequences,VlhA gene,Phylogenetic analysis,RFLP,commercial chickens,Iran}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103928.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103928_f5bdff4da2038d26195bd95e6777408c.pdf} } @article { author = {Jabbari, A.R. and Moradi Bidhendi, S. and Khaki, P. and Pilehchian Langroudi, R. and Bozorgkhoo, Z. and Moosawi Shoshtari, M.}, title = {Molecular cloning of Clostridium septicum vaccine strain alpha toxin gene in E. coli}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {15-20}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.002}, abstract = {Clostridium septicum a Gram positive anaerobic bacterium produces several toxins including alpha, beta, gamma and delta. C. septicum alpha toxin is lethal and is responsible for a serious disease known as gas gangrene. The aim of the present study was to molecular cloning and sequencing of C. septicum vaccine strain alpha toxin gene. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard phenol and chloroform extraction method, and the target gene was amplified through PCR by specific primers. Quality and quantity of PCR product was evaluated using agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed with spectrophotometry. The PCR product was purified and was ligated in pJET1.2blunt cloning vector and was used for E. coli/TOP10 competent cells transformation. pJETαsep recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced using universal primers. Sequencing and BLAST analysis of csa showed over 99% identity to other previously deposited csa in the GenBank. The csa sequence was deposited in the GenBank under accession number JN793989. E. coli/TOP10/pJETαsep as a recombinant bacterium could be used for purifying of recombinant csa gene and its expression in the suitable prokaryotic hosts.}, keywords = {Clostridium septicum,vaccine strain,alpha toxin gene (csa),Cloning,Sequencing}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103929.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103929_92f18f93e1f3429dd0300f6bfb3c14bd.pdf} } @article { author = {Nabinejad, A. and Mahravani, H. and Noaman, V. and Askarani, N.}, title = {Molecular epidemiology of FMDV in Isfahan province of Iran (2006-2009)}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {21-26}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.003}, abstract = {It is about 50 years that FMD affected the ruminants of Isfahan. Last outbreaks of FMD were happened at 2005 even vaccinated animals, so in current work using RT-PCR, sequencing and regression "r" values, the isolated strains in Isfahan were identified. The aim of this study was molecular epidemiology of FMDV in Isfahan province as the central part of Iran in 2006-2009. According to the result , a highly pathogen A05 strain was isolated from west (Najafabad city) about 2 months after the entrance of this virus to Iran through the west and north west margins toward central part and then distributed around 10 cities of Isfahan province. Here it is obvious that the A05 strain of Isfahan just showed 1% difference with A05IR (vaccine strain), in which for A22 were 65 %. Also based on the alignment of 600 bp of 3΄ end of the VP1 sequences of isolated type O comparing with representative of type O Shabestar vaccine strain and the other provinces of Iran, the Isfahan O isolate was 3% distinct from O shabestar vaccine strain. In a random "r" value detection of west isolate strain (A /Najafabad/Isfahan/Iran/ 05) against A87IR were 0.35 and against A05IR were 0.73; For O strain, randomly "r" value of center isolate (O/Isfahan/Isfahan/Iran) obtained against Iranian O vaccine strain (O Shabestar) were 0.76 and with O 967 (Panasia) were 0.88. Regarding to the conclusion, the FMD lived vaccine for Isfahan was improved with A05/Ir FMDV by Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute (RVSRI).}, keywords = {Foot,and,Mouth disease,Molecular epidemiology,Isfahan,"r" value}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103930.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103930_d1b5769986ec926a51b83d708934ded9.pdf} } @article { author = {Mosallanejad, B. and Vakili, N. and Avizeh, R. and Seyfiabad Shapouri, M.R. and Pourmahdi, M.}, title = {A comparison between PCR and Immunochromatography assay (ICA) in diagnosis of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis caused by Canine parvovirus}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {27-33}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.004}, abstract = {Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most common viruses responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. A rapid and accurate diagnosis of CPV-2 infection is especially important in kennels in order to isolate infected dogs. The aim of the present study was to compare two laboratory tests i.e., Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR) and Immunochromatography assay (ICA) most commonly used for the diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in companion dogs. Fecal samples were collected from fifty five dogs (50=hemorrhagic diarrheic and 5= healthy) between 2011 and 2012 in Ahvaz district, southwest of Iran. The studied dogs were divided into two age groups (6 months), four different breeds (Terriers, German shepherds, Doberman pinschers and Mixed) and based on environment into two groups (open and close) also. All samples were tested by ICA and PCR methods and the results were analyzed by using Kappa test, Mc Nemar and Chi-square analysis. ICA and PCR were able to detect CPV-2 antigen or nucleic acid in 33 and 50 of the hemorrhagic diarrheic samples, respectively. Samples of healthy dogs were negative by both tests. Although sensitivity of ICA compared with PCR method was determined to be 66% (PCR more sensitive than ICA), nevertheless statistical analysis showed that the difference between two techniques were not significant (P>0.05). Kappa test was obtained 0.38 between two techniques. CBC showed that most infected dogs had leucopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia also (82%; 41 out of 50 samples).Obtained results of this survey showed that accurate standardization of laboratory tests is required to provide veterinarian with an effective tool for a precise etiological diagnosis of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis due to CPV infection. Although Immunochromatography is a simple and quick method for screening of fecal samples of dogs suspected of CPV infection, but PCR is more sensitive and reliable than ICA. Moreover, the subtypes of the virus determined by PCR test after verifying parvovirus. In this test 48 samples were CPV-2b and another 2 samples were CPV-2a. Our results showed that CPV-2b was the predominant subtype.}, keywords = {parvovirus,Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR),Immunochromatography assay (ICA),Dog}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103931.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103931_993ea5ef14cd3faec8763a4d9653fff6.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghadimipour, R. and Ghadimipour, I. and Ameghi, A. and Masoudi, S. and Sedigh-Eteghad, S. and Ebrahimi, M.M.}, title = {Monitoring virus harvesting time in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated with avian influenza H9N2 vaccine strain}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {35-39}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.005}, abstract = {Knowledge of virus and replication kinetic is one of the most important issues in the vaccine production. The present study aimed to evaluate the best harvesting time of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine strain inoculated in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE)s. For this purpose, 10-5 dilution of AIV (A/Chicken/Iran/99/H9N2) was inoculated into 336, 11-day old ECEs at the rate of 0.1 ml/ECE via intera-allantoic. Amnio-allantoic fluid (AAF) and chorioalantoic membranes were collected at 2 hours intervals up to 96 post inoculations from 7 eggs in each trial. The presence of virus in the harvested suspensions was evaluated by Hemagglutination assay (HA) and Egg infective dose 50 (EID50) assays. Our results showed that, the best virus harvesting time for vaccine production is between 50 – 60 hours post inoculation (hpi) in ECEs. This finding may provide possibility of the sufficient and increasing rate of production, immunogenicity and economic factors in H9N2 influenza vaccine production.}, keywords = {Virus growth,Incubation,Influenza,vaccine}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103932.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103932_6a6b628110a4c5b7ba561c04e72a0a63.pdf} } @article { author = {Golchinfar, F. and Madani, R. and Emami, T. and Pourbakhsh, S.A. and Shoushtary, A.H.}, title = {Applying conserved peptides of NS1 Protein of avian influenza virus to differentiate infected from vaccinated chickens}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {41-45}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.006}, abstract = {Avian influenza (AI) is a highly contagious disease in poultry and outbreaks can have dramatic economic and health implications. For effective disease surveillance, rapid and sensitive assays are needed to detect antibodies against AI virus (AIV) proteins. In order to support eradication efforts of avian influenza (AI) infections in poultry, the implementation of “DIVA” vaccination strategies, enabling the Differentiation of infected from Vaccinated Animals have been recommended by international organizations. A system, based on the detection of antibodies to the Non-Structural (NS1) protein of AI has been proposed to enable the detection of field exposure in vaccinated flocks, and through this detection, infected flocks may be properly managed. In this project we have used two conserved peptides of NS1 protein to develop a peptide based ELISA method. This ELISA could screen the infected and vaccinated sera due to their titer of antibody. Following experimentally infection and vaccinate of chickens, antibodies to the peptides of the NS1 protein were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). These findings indicate that there is a significant difference in the viral replication in chickens, resulting in a variation in the production of antibodies to NS1, as detected by the peptide- based ELISA used. These results demonstrate the specific ELISA for anti NS1 antibodies that have diagnostic value for the poultry industries.}, keywords = {Avian Influenza,ELISA,NS1,Peptide,Infected,vaccinated}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103933.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103933_3ad5477114c74ee07ecbccb598cbf756.pdf} } @article { author = {Valadan, M. and Jabbari, A.R. and Niroumand, M. and Tahamtan, Y. and Bani Hashemi, S.R.}, title = {Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella multocida from Sheep & Goat in Iran}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {47-55}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.007}, abstract = {This study has been carried out with the objective of isolation and identification of agent(s) of pasteurella pneumonia in sheep and goat in Iran using bacteriological and biochemical assays to be identified in the pursuant researches to be used in pasteurellosis vaccine production. To accomplish this objective, samples were gathered from areas suspicious to pasteurellosis infection and industrial abbatoirs according to clinical and autopsy symptoms from eight provinces of Bushehr, Esfahan, Kerman, Kohgilooyeh & Boyr Ahmad, Fars, Qom, Tehran and Qazvin in a period from spring 2008 to spring 2011. Samples were different in sort due to the existent condition but generally were comprised of palatine tonsil swabs or blood samples taken from jugular vein in live animals and lungs or upper respiratory tract lymph glands in dead or slaughtered animals. Totally, 1454 samples (1120 samples of sheep, 334 samples of goat composed if 1084 samples of live animals and 370 samples of dead or slaughterd animals) were tested. Considering results obtained from assays, only 54 samples (3.71%) were assessed as being pasteurella, genus of which was totally identified as multocida.}, keywords = {Isolation,identification,Pasteurella multocida}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103934.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103934_ad5436b2e6939ec38c716ec43a7d8241.pdf} } @article { author = {Khordadmehr, M. and Namavari, M. and Khodakaram-Tafti, A.}, title = {Susceptibility of various cell lines to Neospora caninum tachyzoites cultivation}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {57-62}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.008}, abstract = {Neospora caninum is a coccidian protozoan parasite which is a major cause of bovine abortions and neonatal mortality in cattle, sheep, goat and horse. Occasionally, cultured cells are used for isolation and multiplication of the agent in vitro with several purposes. In this study the tachyzoite yields of N. caninum were compared in various cell cultures as the host cell lines. Among the cell cultures tested, two presented good susceptibility to the agent: cell lines Vero and MA-104. SW742 and TLI (in vitro suspension culture of lymphoid cells infected with Theileria lestoquardi) showed moderate sensitivity. No viable tachyzoite were detected in the culture of MDCK and McCoy cell lines. These results demonstrate that MA-104 and SW742 cells present adequate susceptibility to N. caninum compared to Vero cells, which have been largely used to multiply the parasite in vitro. Moreover, these have easy manipulation, fast multiplication and relatively low nutritional requirements. In addition, the result of this study showed that TLI cell line as a suspension cell culture is susceptible to Nc-1 tachyzoites infection and could be used as an alternative host cell line for tachyzoites culture in vitro studies.}, keywords = {Neospora caninum,Vero,TLI,MA,104,SW742,McCoy,MDCK}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103935.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103935_4540b828bd5afbe3934a680895cd004e.pdf} } @article { author = {Bahrami, S. and Rezaei, A. and Alborzi, A.R.}, title = {Trichosomoides crassicauda infection in wistar rats}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {63-67}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.009}, abstract = {Laboratory animals, including rats, play an important role in biomedical research and advances. The human care and management of these animals is an ongoing concern. Since, Trichosomoides infections in rat colonies can interfere with research protocols it is important to know rate of infection and pathology of the infection in the animals used in experimental studies. 275 rats were eviscerated and urinary bladders were collected. The numbers of collected nematodes from each of the urinary bladders were counted under a stereomicroscope and identified on the basis of morphological criteria. Tissue sections were collected and processed routinely for histopathological studies. Out of 275 urinary bladder of adult laboratory Wistar rats examined, 156 (56.72%) were infected with the nematode, Trichosomoides crassicauda. There was significant difference (P}, keywords = {Wistar rats,Trichosomoides crassicauda}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103936.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103936_6716b7c067951f89e77d1b21d5dc4270.pdf} } @article { author = {Seyedian, R. and Hoseiny, S.M. and Kamyab, M. and Mansury, R. and Seyedian, N. and Gharibi, S. and Zare Mirakabadi, A.}, title = {An in vitro Comparative study upon the Hemolytic, Thrombogenic, Coagulation parameters and Stability properties of the Hemiscorpiuslepturus Venom}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {69-76}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.010}, abstract = {Hemiscorpius lepturus belonging to Hemiscorpiidae family is the most venomous of all types of scorpion existing in south west of Iran causing hemoglobinuria and dermal lesions by envenomation. We compare the hemolytic pattern upon time in different domestic animals upon time according to their different sphingomyelin contents. In addition other in vitro hematologic parameters, platelet lysis, coagulation changes and finally preservative factors (temperature, pH, protases) are discussed. The hemolytic activity was inhibited significantly by heating at 100 °C for 60 minutes (26%) and reached 38% via incubation with papain (10U/ml) while retained over a pH range of 4-11. Horses and sheep have the lower (61%) and upper (100%) rate of hemolysis. Calcium and magnesium ions could increase rate of hemolysis and EDTA solution had significantly decresing effect. The venom significantly changed in vitro coagulation factors (PT and APTT) from base line levels and had no effect on platelet lysis. It seems that our venom belongs to metalloproteinases due to potentiation effects of bivalent cations (calcium and magnesium) and ghost cell formation in our study indicatiing hemoglobin efflux.}, keywords = {Hemiscorpius lepturus,Stability Hemolysis,Ghost cell,Metalloenzyme}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103937.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103937_ab269e2ea74422cb12354ffc86d796e5.pdf} } @article { author = {Eslampanah, M. and Paykari, H. and Moharami, M. and Motamedi, G. and Omraninava, A.}, title = {A Survey on the Gastrointestinal Parasites of Rabbit and Guinea Pig in a Laboratory Animal House}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {77-81}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.011}, abstract = {There is documented evidence that infection in laboratory animals can often influence the outcome of experiments. All infections, apparent or inapparent, are likely to increase biological variability. As a research project concerning the diversity and distribution of parasites of rabbit and guinea pig in a conventional laboratory animal house, about 87 rabbits (from 700 ) and 105 guinea pigs (from 1500 ) were selected randomly from a Research, Production & Breeding of Laboratory Animals Department. Samples were collected between 19.02.2010 and 20.05.2011. The samples and animals were examined by dissection and flotation methods. In this study only one species of nematodes (Passalorus ambiguus: 6.9%); one species of protozoa (Eimeria spp.: 21.8%) in rabbits and one species of nematodes (Paraspidodera Uncinata: 24.7%); one species of protozoa (Balantidium coli: 11.4%) in guinea pigs were identified. However, there was not any cestodes or trematodes identified from this group of laboratory animals.}, keywords = {Gastrointestinal parasites,Rabbit,Guinea pig}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103938.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103938_aa4c1f66e6d8d59bd188e53caedc0d04.pdf} } @article { author = {Abedini, F. and Moharrami, M. and Shams, P. and Eslampanah, M. and Adeldost, H. and Ebrahimi, M. and Vaziri, A. and Talebloo, F.}, title = {Detection of Mouse Cytomegalovirus in Adenocarcinoma Bearing Razi/A Mice: Molecular and Pathological Studies}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {83-88}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.012}, abstract = {Despite a lot of research, the etiology and progression of breast cancer remain incompletely understood. Recently, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to know whether breast cancer could be caused by cytomegalovirus or not? In this experiment seventeen samples of RAZI/A mice with spontaneous breast cancer were being gathered from laboratory animals department. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were done on breast tissue samples. Formalin-fixed tissue specimens were obtained from mouse normal breast tissues (n:17) and mouse mammary tumors (n:17). Detection of mouse cytomegalovirus was done by the pUC57-MCK-2 plasmid. Our histopathology data showed Adenocarcinoma type B in mouse with mammary tumors. There was a significant difference between mice with spontaneous breast cancer and control by Pearson Chi-Square (Value: 17.000b and P=0.000). More research will be needed to determine the effect of cytomegalovirus on breast cancer.}, keywords = {Mouse Cytomegalovirus,Breast cancer,Human cytomegalovirus,MCK,2 Gene}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103939.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103939_709288b834963674ed9ec30bdc395ac7.pdf} } @article { author = {Tahamtan, Y. and Hayati, M. and Namavari, M.M.}, title = {Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella multocida by PCR from sheep and goats in Fars province, Iran}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {89-93}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.013}, abstract = {During one year period from 2010 to 2011 the samples from pneumonic animals were taken and transported to the laboratory. Pasteurella multocida were identified in 16.6% of animal by biochemical test. The high incidence of P. multocida was obtained in the south of Fars province, where the area was warm region. The Mean Death Time between the isolates was 12-18 and 19-24 hours. Only the capsular type A was identified in all the isolates and it is agreement with the finding by others, they indicated type A is the dominant type of Pasteurella multocia in tropical and sub tropical climate.}, keywords = {Pasteurella,PCR,Toxigenic,type,Iran}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103940.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103940_9a2d82005a423b353b5d059fb63f7942.pdf} } @article { author = {Gharagozlou, M.J. and Nouri, M. and Pourhajati, V.}, title = {Cryptosporidial Infection of Lower Respiratory Tract in a Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulates)}, journal = {Archives of Razi Institute}, volume = {69}, number = {1}, pages = {95-97}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute}, issn = {0365-3439}, eissn = {2008-9872}, doi = {10.7508/ari.2014.01.014}, abstract = {Cryptosporial and bacterial co-infection is reported in a budgerigar with clinical manifestations of septicemia and respiratory tract infection. Microscopically large number of round to oval 2-5μm cryptosporidial organisms were found to be lodged on the parabronchial epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. The bacterial colonies were seen around the parabronchial spaces of the lung tissue. It is suggested that the C. baileyi is the most likely cryptosporidium species which caused respiratory cryptosporidiosis in the budgerigar.}, keywords = {budgerigar,respiratory,Cryptosporidium,Bacteria}, url = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103941.html}, eprint = {https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103941_5d4a27f76528fcd198ff644ffcaf3536.pdf} }