Isolation and Identification of Mycoplasma agalactiae by Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods in the Sheep Herds in Guilan Province, Iran
E.
Rahimabadi
Veterinary Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
author
Y.
Asadpour
Veterinary Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
author
S.A.
Pourbakhsh
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
author
P.
Sayehban
Veterinary Research Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Contagious agalactia is an infectious syndrome of sheep that is characterized by mastitis with reduction of milk production, arthritis, abortion, and keratoconjunctivitis. The disease is rapidly spread by the contact of the infected animals with the healthy ones. Domestic sheep and goats of both sexes can be infected at an equivalent frequency. Most of the researchers use culture and molecular methods for the isolation and identification of Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma agalactiae is the main cause of the disease in sheep. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify M. agalactiae by using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in the sheep herds in Guilan province, Iran. A total of 71 specimens were collected from seven sheep herds with clinical signs of agalactia disease. All of the seven sheep herds (100%) were positive either in PPLO agar or Mycoplasma PCR test. Out of the 71 specimens, 50 (70.4%) cases were positive; however, 21 (29.6%) samples were negative. Furthermore, 40 (80%) cases of the positive samples were detected for the presence of Mycoplasma by the PCR method; nonetheless, 34 (68%) samples were positive in culture. Additionally, out of the 40 positive samples in Mycoplasma PCR, 11 (27.5%) samples were detected in M. agalactiae-specific PCR. The samples that were positive for Mycoplasma were mostly detected in the ear/vaginal, milk, and ear swab samples, respectively, by culture and PCR methods. The most positive samples of Mycoplasma / M. agalactiae were obtained from the ear and vaginal samples. Our findings demonstrated that Mycoplasma was one of the main etiological agents of the contagious agalactia in Guilan province. In addition, PCR was found to be more successful than the culture method in the detection of Mycoplasma.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
219
223
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113298_2e6fc6b1198249072ccfd1a4eac0055c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113298
Infectious Causes of Bovine Abortion in Qazvin Province, Iran
A.A.
Kaveh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
E.
Merat
Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
S.
Samani
Department of Pathology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
author
R.
Danandeh
Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
S.
Soltannezhad
Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Abortion in dairy cattle is generally defined as the loss of fetus on days 47-265 of pregnancy and can significantly reduce the income and capital gain of farmers and producers. Therefore, sufficient economical support and preventive measurements are essential for this issue. In this study, genetic materials were extracted from the abomasum rennet, as well as homogenous preparations of brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and lung tissues of 128 aborted fetuses. Afterward, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests were performed to identify the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), Neospora caninum parasite, and serovars of Leptospira species. In the PCR test, the samples with 380 bp, 340 bp, and 173 bp bands were considered as positive for serovars of Leptospira, Neospora caninum, and BHV-1, respectively. Moreover, a 290 bp band was regarded to be BVDV in the RT-PCR. According to the findings of the current study, 39 (30.47%) of the samples were infected with Neospora caninum, 26 (20.31%) with BVDV, 17 (13.28%) with BHV-1, and 18 (14.06%) with serovars of Leptospira. In addition, multiple-agent infections were also detected in the samples. As a conclusion, the microorganism Neospora caninum was identified as the most prevalent infectious cause of abortion in the eight agro-industrial and livestock complexes, in Qazvin province, Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
225
230
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113299_46809eb7f96aed849a87bb54742a96e4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113299
A Molecular and Serological Study on Visceral Leishmaniasis in Asymptomatic Stray Dogs in Mashhad, Iran
S.
Sabzavari
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
G.
Razmi
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
A.
Naghibi
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
J.
Khoshnegah
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum),and its major reservoir hosts are domestic dogs, most of which are asymptomatic. This study aimed to detect L. infantum spp. in asymptomatic stray dogs by molecular and serological methods in Mashhad, Iran, during 2011-12. In this study, 94 asymptomatic stray dogs were randomly selected and their blood samples were collected for indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Furthermore, tissue samples from all the L. infantum seropositive stray dogs were examined using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Accordding to the results, 11.7 %(11/94) of the dogs were L. infantum seropositive. The PCR positivity rate of L. infantum was 63.6% (7/11) in at least one of the collected specimens of the seropositive dogs. The L. infantum kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was detected in the liver of 36% (4/11), the spleen of 27% (3/11), and the skin of 54.5 %(6/11) of the stray dogs. In this study, based on the molecular and serological examinations, visceral leishmaniasis infection among the stray dogs in Mashhad was confirmed.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
231
235
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113300_10dc9f3379f5cc528a3386bac3cd8dd5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113300
Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Small Ruminants of Southeast Iran
M.
Shamsaddini Bafti
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran
author
S.A.
Pourbakhsh
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
author
M.
Ezatkhah
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Kerman, Iran
author
A.
Ashtari
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Agalactia is an infectious and contagious disease of small ruminants caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae). Although different microorganism strains contribute to this disease, M. agalactiae is known as the most prominent causative agent. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the rate of M. agalactiae involvement in contagious agalactia in the southeast region of Iran. Sampling was performed from milk, conjunctiva, ear lesions, and joints exudate of suspicious sheep and goat flocks according to the reports of Iran Veterinary Organization. The presence of Mycoplasma and its species, namely M. agalactiae, was evaluated through microbial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The detected microorganisms were confirmed to be Mycoplasma and M. agalactiae by the PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and lipoprotein target genes. According to the findings of present study, 14.8% and 36.0% of the samples were diagnosed as positive for Mycoplasma by culture and PCR, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of M. agalactiae was determined as 6.1% using the specific PCR method. Therefore, it is recommended to identify the other species of Mycoplasma in small ruminant samples involved with contagious agalactiae disease.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
237
242
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113302_a03df1382287148e889d500a9d359837.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113302
Isolation of Chlamydia spp. from Ewes and Does in Iran
H.
Esmaeili
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
M.
Hamedi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
S.A.
Madani
Department of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Enzootic ovine abortion is caused by Chlamydia abortus and may result in abortion among small ruminants during the last 2-3 weeks of pregnancy. Enzootic abortion is diagnosed by isolation of the agent or detection of its nucleic acid in the products of abortion or vaginal excretions of freshly aborted females. Isolation of chlamydial agents in cell culture is the gold standard, so in the present study this method was employed. Twenty-eight vaginal and conjunctival swab samples were selected from ewes and does that had recently aborted. The samples were inoculated to McCoy cells. The inoculated cells were fixed, stained by Giemsa staining, and mounted on slides. Finally, the slides were observed by an optical microscope for the presence chlamydial inclusion bodies. Chlamydia was isolated from four conjunctival and three vaginal samples. All the negative cultures were passaged a further two times. Cell culture was identified as the most convenient method for the isolation of Chlamydia and remains essential to document the viability of the organism. Isolation of Chlamydia in the present study, highlights the importance of paying more attention to the bacterium as one of the main abortifacient pathogens along with other infectious causes of abortion.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
249
253
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113297_baa5b952c6b3d80946d81b51d23e70ce.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113297
Detection and Isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum Subspecies Capricolum from East Azerbaijan Sheep Flocks
A.
Jafarizadeh
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
S.A.
Pourbakhsh
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
K.
Tadayon
Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
author
M.
Jamshidian
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum (Mcc) is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA), which is an important disease in sheep and goats in the Mediterranean and Middle East countries. Mycoplasma agalactiae is the classic agent of CA in sheep and goats. Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies Capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum (Mcc), and Mycoplasma putrefaciens (Mp) produce a clinically similar disease, more often in goats. The aim of the present study was to detect Mcc in sheep flocks in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Milk, ear canal, and eye swab samples were collected from 49 sheep flocks with clinical signs of CA or a history of a disease. All the samples were examined using both culture and molecular methods. In the molecular method,positive samples for the Mycoplasma genus were tested for M. mycoides cluster and Mcc. From 272 samples, 67, 87, and 62 samples were shown to be positive using the culture method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and both culture and PCR methods, respectively. Mcc was detected in all the four M. mycoides cluster positive samples, including milk, ear canal, and eye swab samples. This is the first report of Mcc detection from East Azerbaijan. Our results showed that eye, milk, and ear canal samples could be suitable sources for Mcc detection in sheep flocks.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
243
248
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113303_bc7d9f3dcf7238fdd40b8d69fce21912.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113303
Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical findings in cattle infected with lumpy skin disease during an outbreak in southwest Iran
S.M.
Jalali
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
A.
Rasooli
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.
Seifi Abad Shapuri
second author
author
M.
Daneshi
DVM graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
This study was performed to determine the clinical, hematologic, and biochemical findings in animals affected with lumpy skin disease (LSD) in southwest Iran. Sixty cattle with LSD were included in this study and compared with 20 healthy ones as the control group. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical examination and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of the blood samples. The major observed clinical signs included skin nodules, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, and edema. In hematologic assessment, the average numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and platelets, as well as the average level of hemoglobin in the infected animals were significantly lower than in the control group. Biochemical experiments showed that the serum glucose, total and direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase activities in the infected group were significantly elevated. LSD also caused a significant reduction in the levels of serum creatinine, albumin, and iron. In total, LSD was associated with an overall decline in different blood cell types and significant changes in serum biochemical profile. These alterations could be related to the inflammatory disease processes and injuries in various organs, especially the liver. Hematologic and biochemical profiles can be utilized to better understand different aspects of LSD pathogenesis and ultimately improve its prognostic, management, and treatment methods.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
255
265
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113301_6c066a03e2c28f2b5c3bc1a7116786e4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113301
Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Bulk Milk of Dairy Cattle, Mashhad, Iran
Gh.
Razmi
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
M.
Barati
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
eng
Neospora caninum (N. caninum) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) are both obligate intracellular protozoan parasites, which have gained considerable attention because of their role in bovine abortion. This study aimed to detect anti-N. caninum and -T. gondii in bulk milk of dairy cattle, Mashhad, Iran. The bulk milk samples were collected from July 2014 to June 2015 and analyzed for anti-N. caninum and -T.gondii antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 123 bulk milk samples, 44 (35%), 14 (11.38%), and 3 (2.4%) samples had N. caninum, T. gondii, and mixed infection with these two parasites, respectively. According to the results, the prevalence of N. caninum infection was more than T.gondii infection in dairy cattle of Mashhad, Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
72
v.
4
no.
2017
265
269
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_113304_d2fc02f3cd1043d591dc9b143d069172.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22092/ari.2017.113304