Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Different Haemophilus influenzae type b Vaccines
N.
Mojgani
author
text
article
2014
eng
Haemophilus influenzae, a major cause of meningitis in young children leading to death and other neurological sequelae. The disease leaves 15 to 35% of the survivors with permanent disabilities, such as, mental retardation or deafness. Despite the availability of new and more powerful antibiotics children with Hib meningitis still suffer from high mortality or morbidity. The emergence of multiresistant Hib strains causes increasing difficulties in selecting proper antibiotics for the treatment. Since 1970, the capsular polysaccharide polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) in H. influenzae b has been the target for vaccine development. The first Hib polysaccharide vaccine licensed in 1985, proved immunogenic in human adults, but failed to elicit an immune response in children under 2 years of age who were at greatest risk of developing the invasive Hib infection. These factors led to one of the most exciting advances in pediatrics, the development of Hib conjugate vaccines. Unlike most other vaccines for preventing a particular disease which are generally similar for all types, the specific characteristics of the available Hib conjugate vaccines licensed vary from each other in structure and immunological properties. In this review the immunogenicity and efficacy of Hib vaccines including a) PRP vaccine; b) Conjugate vaccines; and c) Combination vaccines is evaluated.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
115
125
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103942_fb740dba775feeb057f6f65dde8329b2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.001
Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Profiling of the Nonstructural (NS) Genes of H9N2 Influenza A Viruses Isolated in Iran during 1998-2007
M.
Ebrahimi
author
S.
Grigorian
author
A.
Shoushtari
author
F.
Abedini
author
H.
Moeini
author
text
article
2014
eng
The earliest evidences on circulation of Avian Influenza (AI) virus on the Iranian poultry farms date back to 1998. Great economic losses through dramatic drop in egg production and high mortality rates are characteristically attributed to H9N2 AI virus. In the present work non-structural (NS) genes of 10 Iranian H9N2 chicken AI viruses collected during 1998-2007 were fully sequenced and subjected to a phylogenetic analysis. The observations proved allele A was the single-detectable type of the NS gene within the studied isolates. All the examined Iranian isolates fell into the Korean sublineage with a relatively broad sequence homology (91.6-98%) in nucleotide construction of the NS genes. The motif for PDZ ligand recognition of the group one isolates was either EDEV (N=6) or ESEV (N=1) While all viruses as group two contained a PL motif “KSEV” (N=3). The present work provides useful epidemiological data at molecular level on source and contemporary evolution of H9N2 virus population in Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
127
135
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103943_87c228106597add6224eddfdafde4fb1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.002
The Comparison of Biochemical and Sequencing 16S rDNA Gene Methods to Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
M.
Shafipour
author
M.
Ghane
author
S.
Rahimi alang
author
S.
Livani
author
E.
Ghaemi
author
text
article
2014
eng
The identification of Mycobacteria in the species level has great medical importance. Biochemical tests are laborious and time-consuming, so new techniques could be used to identify the species. This research aimed to the comparison of biochemical and sequencing 16S rDNA gene methods to identify nontuberculous Mycobacteria in patients suspected to tuberculosis in Golestan province which is the most prevalent region of tuberculosis in Iran. Among 3336 patients suspected to tuberculosis referred to hospitals and health care centres in Golestan province during 2010-2011, 319 (9.56%) culture positive cases were collected. Identification of species by using biochemical tests was done. On the samples recognized as nontuberculous Mycobacteria, after DNA extraction by boiling, 16S rDNA PCR was done and their sequencing were identified by NCBI BLAST. Of the 319 positive samples in Golestan Province, 300 cases were M.tuberculosis and 19 cases (5.01%) were identified as nontuberculous Mycobacteria by biochemical tests. 15 out of 19 nontuberculous Mycobacteria were identified by PCR and sequencing method as similar by biochemical methods (similarity rate: 78.9%). But after PCR, 1 case known as M.simiae by biochemical test was identified as M. lentiflavum and 3 other cases were identified as Nocardia. Biochemical methods corresponded to the 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing in 78.9% of cases. However, in identification of M. lentiflavum and Nocaria sp. the molecular method is better than biochemical methods.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
137
142
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103944_099f26e9ace1ba80c0c7996defb7dbea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.003
Crude extract of bacterially expressed, infectious bursal disease virus VPX/VP2 proteins induces protective immune response to the virus in chickens
S.D.
Hosseini
author
text
article
2014
eng
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infects young chickens and causes serious lose to the poultry industry, worldwide. Previous attempts using purified bacterially expressed IBDV VP2 failed to elicit a protective immune response to the virus. This study was designed to investigate if the initial expressed protein contained neutralizing epitopes but became nonfunctional during purification steps. The full length IBDV VP2 and its precursor VPX genes from the highly virulent IBDV (hvIBDV) SDH1 isolate were cloned and expressed in BL21 bacterial cells. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.3 ml crude extract with/without adjuvant at week 0, 2, and 4. At week 2 post-immunization, IBDV antibody was detected in the vaccinated chickens and increased to its highest titre at week 4. Virus challenge using the SDH1 isolate did not result in IBDV specific clinical signs when chickens were vaccinated with adjuvant-extract preparation (100% protection) while mock-inoculated chickens died 3-4 days post-inoculation. The above results, taken together, demonstrated that bacterially expressed IBDV VP2 harbors neutralizing epitopes required for induction of protective response, and suggest less detrimental purification procedures for vaccine preparation.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
143
147
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103945_b120f9ccbeb30184535951cf47ef602a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.004
A study of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from bovine mastitis for the presence of penicillin and methicillin resistance-encoding genes in the north west of Iran
H.
Dastmalchi Saei
author
S.
Hossein-zadeh
author
text
article
2014
eng
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are often associated with bovine mastitis and may be resistant to antimicrobial therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the presence of blaZ (responsible for penicillin resistance) and mecA (responsible for methicillin resistance) genes among 108 CoNS belonging to 9 different species isolated from bovine mastitis in seven dairy herds (H1-H7). Of 108 CoNS isolates, 44 were Staphylococcus haemolyticus, 17 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, 11 S. warneri, 11 S. cohnii, 6 S. simulans, 4 S. hominis, 3 S. capitis, and 1 S. xylosus. The blaZ was detected in 65.7% (n=71) of all Staphylococcus spp. isolates. Five isolates were positive for the presence of mecA gene (4.6%), including 2 S. hominis, 1 S. haemolyticus, 1 S. epidermidis, and 1 S. warneri. All mecA-carrying CoNS were also positive for the blaZ gene and were recovered from two studied herds (H3 and H6). Some variations were also observed in distribution of both blaZ and mecA genes between CoNS species. This study demonstrates that CoNS from bovine mastitis can be reservoirs of blaZ gene. This study also provides evidence of the presence of methicillin resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS) and emphasizes the need for their epidemiological monitoring, in order to prevent the risk of spread to human through direct contact and/or consumption of contaminated food.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
149
156
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103946_b4c3565ceed72b31473d3227f934faf8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.005
Detection of verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing and eae harboring Escherichia coli in some wild captive and domestic Equidae and Canidae
A.
Koochakzadeh
author
T.
Zahraei Salehi
author
B.
Nayeri Fasaei
author
M.
Askari Badouei
author
text
article
2014
eng
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of STEC and EPEC strains and E. coli O157 serogroup in some Equidae and Canidae. The fecal samples of 79 animals from 6 different species were evaluated for presence of these strains. All the Isolates were tested for virulence genes using multiplex-PCR. Non-sorbitol fermenting (NSF) Escherichia coli isolates and positive strains for virulence factors were subjected to serogroupe specific PCR for rfb O157 gene. None of the STEC, EPEC and NFS strains in this study belonged to O157 serogroupe. While 36.64% of animals carried strains positive for one or more of the virulence factors tested, and 18.9% of animals harbored STEC strains (stx1), stx2 was not detected in this study. eae and Ehly positive strains were found in 3.79% and 22.7% of animals respectively. In conclusion, these species can act as a reservoir for EPEC and STEC strains. Also, since the study was conducted in some parts of Iran, a more accurate conclusion needs more distributed sampling. To our knowledge this is the first study which reports the faecal shedding of STEC and EPEC from wild captive Canidae and Equidae in Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
157
163
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103947_8fd35a3fe85ceb2e558ab7861398aa5f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.006
Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response of Cats to the Experimental Infection with the different Clonal Types of Toxoplasma gondii by Measurement of IgG Antibodies
M.
Hosseininejad
author
H.
Moshtaghi
author
F.
Hosseini
author
N.
Eshraghi Samani
author
text
article
2014
eng
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in world. Rh, NED and Me49 are of the most prevalent clonal types of the parasite isolated till now. Differences in pathogenicity and virulence of different types have been investigated in different studies. No controlled study was performed to compare the ability of different types to initiate humoral immune response. We investigated IgG antibody responses of kittens infected with each of these three clonal types. For this, experimental infection was performed using ME49 clonal type of T. gondii and humoral immune response (by measurement of IgG) was detected and compared with the other two clonal types of the parasite. No antibodies were detectable at least until 7 days post infection for types Rh and NED while this period of no response was 19 days for ME49. Serum ELISA indices were significantly higher in kittens infected with Rh and NED tpes in comparison with ME49. The results of this study showed that humoral immune response of cats to ME49 starts with delay and are weaker than two other clonal types.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
167
170
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103948_92a30d78159b7fce19884d0c047f14c1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.007
Neutralizing effects of polyvalent antivenom on severe inflammatory response induced by Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom
E.
Zayerzadehïª
author
A.
Fardipour
author
A.
Zare Mirakabadi
author
M.K.
Koohi
author
text
article
2014
eng
This study evaluated the effects of Mesobuthus eupeus (Me) scorpion venom on inflammatory response following injection. Additionally, the present study examined whether immunotherapy at specific time intervals would be effective on inflammatory response after Me venom inoculation. Animals were divided randomly into four groups: the first group received LD50 of venom and the second and third groups of animals; immunotherapy was performed in different time intervals and fourth group was considered as control group. Me venom inoculation is caused respiratory perturbations such as respiratory distress, respiration with open mouth, crepitation and finally respiratory arrest. Me inoculation is resulted in increased pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1. Venom injection also induced inflammatory response, characterized by significant increase in serum white blood cells and neutrophils at 30, 60 and 180 min following envenomation. Simultaneous administration of antivenom and venom prevented entirely clinical sings, cytokines and hematological changes. Delayed immunotherapy gradually ameliorated clinical features, cytokines changes and hematological abnormalities related to the envenomation. In conclusion, our observations indicate injection of M. eupeus scorpion venom induces severe inflammatory response which can be one of the causes of clinical complications. Additionally, immunotherapy beyond 1 h after envenomation with appropriate dose and route in victims with severe inflammatory response related to the M.eupeus scorpion envenomation is beneficial.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
171
177
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103949_8566265d5ee65c3f7df342a3ec37e59d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.008
Retrospective Detection of Avibacterium Paragallinarum Serovar B in Egg Yolk Materials by PCR
A.
Nouri
Department of Avian Bacterial Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,
Karaj, Iran
author
M.
Banani
Department of Avian Bacterial Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,
Karaj, Iran
author
H.
Goudrzi
Department of Avian Viral Deseasesazi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
S.A.
Pourbakhsh
Department of Avian Bacterial Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,
Karaj, Iran
author
S.G.
Mirzaei
Department of Avian Bacterial Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,
Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Avibacterium paragallinarum is Gram-negative bacteria that cause infectious coryza (IC), an acute respiratory disease of chickens. Despite vaccination of Layer and breeder farms of Iran against IC, they are still experiencing the disease clinically and there is no knowledge of serotypes prevalence of this bacterium in this country. This study designed to determine serovar identity by molecular identification tests of previously studied isolates from Iran that were inactivated accidentally in egg yolk storing culture media. Genomes of the isolates extracted from egg yolk and then were subjected to two set of PCR tests using by published group specific and Page's serovar specific primers. The later primers were based on sequence differences in hypervariable region of haemagglutinin protein of Av. paragallinarum. These two sequential PCR confirmed that the bacteria were Av. paragallinarum and were associated to Page's serotype B. This is the first report of molecular detection of serotype B of Av. paragallinarum from Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
179
183
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103950_d3114e685983611e274cd8bb0a2e1e85.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.009
Molecular detection of Neospora caninum from naturally infected dogs in Lorestan province, West of Iran
F.
Ghafarifar
author
Gh.
Sabevarinejad
author
A.
Dalimi
author
M.
Forouzandeh-Moghadam
author
text
article
2014
eng
Neospora caninum is a coccidian protozoan that causes abortion in dairy and beef cattle and neurological disorders in dogs and horses. To identify N. caninum oocysts in the dog feces the molecular approaches are known as sensitive methods that specifically detect the oocysts. In present study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting N. caninum specific Nc5 genomic fragment was performed to identify the N. caninum DNA in the feces of naturally infected dogs of Lorestan province, West Iran. Fecal samples of dogs living in small dairy farms were collected. The samples were homogenized in 2.5% Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and stored at 4 °C. Genomic DNA was extracted from the feces using CTAB protocol. PCR assay and DNA sequencing were performed with specific primers. DNA amplification of the Nc5 formed a 340bp fragment for the N. caninum specimens; however, the fragment was 99% identical to the homologous sequences from Neospora caninum isolates. Totally, 9 positive samples of N. caninum were detected by PCR from 428 fecal specimens.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
185
190
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103951_2b82d5054334ccd578494f4597258ecb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.010
Modified Vero cell induced by Bifidobacterium bifidum inhibits enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 cytopathic effect
N.
Namdari
author
Y.
Tahamtan
author
M.
Kargar
author
text
article
2014
eng
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), such as E. coli O157:H7, are emerging food-borne pathogens worldwide. This micro-organism can damage the epithelial tissue of the large intestine. The cytotoxic effects can be neutralized by probiotics such as Bifidobacterium bifidum. Probiotics are viable cells that have beneficial effects on the health of the host. The preventing activity of B. bifidum against E. coli O157 was studied using a Vero cell model. Vero cell was pretreated with viable B. bifidum and incubated for either 3 h to 24 h and then collected from the cell to make modified Vero cell (MVC). Indirect antibacterial effects of B. bifidum were demonstrated by reduction of attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to MVC. The maximum reduction was resulted in pretreatment of Vero cell with B. bifidum for 24 h before infection. B. bifidum attenuated E. coli O157:H7 attachment to MVC up to 10 days of incubation. To our knowledge, MCV prevented Vero cell line injury induced by E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, B. bifidum can be used for inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cell model, even as pretreatment of the cell line.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
191
196
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103952_ca4f16a6fb829f300a338b1c77df205c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.011
Retrospective study of the Nosema ceranae infection of honey bee colonies in Iran (2004-2013)
H.
Modirroustaïª
author
M.
Moharrami
author
M.A.
Mansouri
author
text
article
2014
eng
Nosemosis is the most common disease in adult bees. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae species are agents of important economic losses to beekeepers around the world. The severity of disease at various area is different. Previously, N. apis was observed in areas with a long winter, especially in late winter and early spring. But in recent years, disease has been reported in the warm seasons. The studies indicated that a new species as N. ceranae is involvement in loss and mortality in adult bees. Therefore, diagnosis and differentiation of Nosema species is importance at colony collapse disorders (CCD). The aim of this Research was a retrospective study on Nosema samples isolated from apiaries. Forty- one Nosema Sp. Positive samples were collected from five provinces during 2004 to 2013. The samples were tested by multiplex PCR method using both primers of N. ceranea and N. apis were simultaneously. All of samples were positive for N. ceranea. The products were sent for sequencing. The results show that N. ceranea has spread in Iran, from previous years almost simultaneously with other parts of the world.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
197
200
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103953_152bbfb9ef5f7b0e501ba0ed8eb54f29.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.012
Splay Leg in a Dutch Laboratory Rabbit Colony: Detection Methods and Effective Elimination Procedure
R.
Fallahi
author
text
article
2014
eng
In rabbits, especially in some races, limb movement disorder called splay legs, are mostly unilateral or bilateral in front or hind legs at an early age. The severity ranges from mild to severe in this case. In breeding colony of albino Dutch laboratory rabbits, the splay leg disorder has been observed over the years permanently.Within the scope of this research, 1.5-2.5% of 700-750 number of colonies population, were affected. Splay legs were observed in 20-50 days old infants of both sexes. According to breeding system in metallic cages, it was thought that the mechanical trauma and damage to limbs has been the main cause of this problem. In this study, the accurate survey in histopathology and radiography of suffering organs was performed but any agent was seen. As some nutritional deficiencies lead to muscular atrophy and paralysis, feed analysis was also performed. In analysis of nutrients, all of the nutritional factors were in normal ranges. As is regarded, in laboratory rabbits especially in Dutch strain, effect of hereditary factors to creation of the splay legs, are listed in some valid reports. During the 8 gestation periods in 2 years, suffering infants with their apparently healthy family (other infants and their parents) that could act as gene carriers were identified and eliminated. After the next four gestation periods, the colony was controlled again. During this time, no case of affected animal was seen. With this action, the percentage of splay leg observation have reached to zero and it was completely eliminated.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
201
205
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103954_9ed05eae050eb459c568d3b0ef5635b6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.013
Designing an Ontology for Knowledge Discovery in Iran’s Vaccine
Sh.
Ghazi Mirsaeed
Department of Information Technology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
B.
Abedi Kiasari
Department of Human Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
B.
Teimourpour
Department of Information Technology, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
Ontology is a requirement engineering product and the key to knowledge discovery. It includes the terminology to describe a set of facts, assumptions, and relations with which the detailed meanings of vocabularies among communities can be determined. This is a qualitative content analysis research. This study has made use of ontology for the first time to discover the knowledge of vaccine in Iran. The ontology can be used for knowledge discovery in domain of vaccine in Iran and identification of experts in the field of vaccine, knowledge management, coordination of R & D activities on vaccine production, shaping a culture and flourishing IT in vaccine industry. Visualization, assessment, validation and evaluation of ontology quality, implemented via use of authentic tools and Experts evaluation results obtained from the questionnaires and how knowledge discovery and visualization of knowledge discovery have been discussed. Iran knowledge on vaccinology can be searched with the aid of ontology and can be developed with bipartite Networks of Iran's vaccinology that is result of knowledge discovery. Analysis of the bipartite networks researcher-centers showed 2811 researchers and research centers as nodes and 3341 collaborations cases. Bipartite network researcher - journal analysis showed 2458 researchers and journals as nodes and 3456 collaborations cases
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
69
v.
2
no.
2014
207
213
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_103955_cfefcb4e520e356f2563f57d9370b98b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.7508/ari.2014.02.014