Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Student research committee, BaqiyatallFaculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3
Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.22092/ari.2023.363676.2879
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), also called chronic kidney failure, is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem in the entire world. It is characterized by slow, progressive and irreversible loss in kidney physiology. Todays, the prevalence of CKD is increasing dramatically. The CKD can affect almost every organ system including cardiovascular system. Many treatment have been attempted for CKD such as renal transplantation, hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). At the end stage of CKD, HD is the most widely used therapy throughout the world. Although, these options can decrease volume expansion and uremic solute retention and also increase patient survival. However, there are certain complications associated with the use of these methods. Previous studies have been reported that the main side effects are headache, muscle cramp, abdominal pain, hypotension, hypertension, vomiting, and constipation. Therefore, the investigation for better and more convenient dialysis technique should continue, as well as the search for a better material to enhance clearance of nitrogenous waste products from the body. The intestine has significant effect in the clearance of nitrogenous waste products from the body. Therefore, it can be an appropriate site for CKD management. The potential mechanism of intestinal dialysis (ID) techniques is that it can absorb excess fluids, uremic toxins and electrolytes within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and exerts them in the feces before they can be absorbed into the blood. In the present review, we will focus on different absorbents, as a conservative treatment, to remove uremic waste metabolites from the GI tract for improvement of kidney function in chronic kidney disease.
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