Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Detection of three virulence genes in E.coli isolates from commercial broilers with colibacillosis and their antibiotic resistance profiles in Tabriz area, Iranشناسایی سه ژن حدت و مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایههای اشریشیا کولی جدا شده از جوجههای گوشتی بیمار تبریز، ایران1810749110.22034/ari.2016.107491ENBahram HasaniDepartment of Avian Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranMansour BananiDepartment of Avian Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranAbbas NouriDepartment of Avian Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranHossein GoudarziDepartment of Avian Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranMohsen AkhijahaniDepartment of Avian Diseases, Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranJournal Article20161001Colibacillosis caused by E.coli is one of the most common illnesses in commercial chickens and induce high financial losses in the poultry industry due to morbidity, mortality and antibiotic expenses because of overuses. E.coli can mostly cause disease as a secondary or opportunistic pathogen, while certain strains with specific virulence factors even as primary pathogen can cause colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to detect the three virulence genes including irp2, papC, and tsh in E.coli bacteria isolated from diseased broilers in Tabriz area using by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The other purpose of this study was to do the in vitro drug sensitivity of the isolates using by disk diffusion method. 38 (53.5%), 25 (35.2%) and 35 (49.3%) isolates out of total 71 isolates, showed, irp2, papC and tsh genes respectively. In 16 isolates only irp2 gene, 8 isolates only papC gene, and in 13 isolates only tsh gene were detected and 12 isolates were without all these genes. In 39 isolates 2 or 3 gene were identified simultaneously. In this study most of the isolates were resistant against enrofloxacin, doxycycline, sultrim, erythromycin and danofloxacin and most of them were sensitive only to colistin and the percentage of sensitive isolates against fosfomycin, neomycin and florfenicol were 45.9%, 45.2% and 48.3% respectively. High resistance rate to most antibiotics and prevalence of some important virulence genes in APEC (avian pathogenic Escherichia coli ) isolates might be a serious hazard for both poultry industry and public health.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Bacteriological and therapeutic studies on Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in bovine respiratory disease at dairy cattle farms in Tehranمطالعه باکتریولوژیک و درمانی بر مانهیمیا همولیتیکا و پاستورلا مولتوسیدا در گوسالههای مبتلا به بیماری تنفسی در گاوداریهای شیری تهران91410749210.22034/ari.2016.107492ENShahin FakourDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, IranIraj NorouzianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160117In this study, we performed a bacteriological investigation on bovine respiratory infections. Additionally, the study evaluates the efficacy of florfenicol 30 µg produced by Rooyan Darou Company (test group) as compared to a similar drug produced by Aboraihan Company (control group). Sampling was carried out on 30 calves at two farms with 30-55% incidence rate of respiratory disorders. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for culture, biochemical activity, and antibiograme testing from all the calves before commencing the treatment. The calves of the test group received florfenicol 30 µg (20 mg/kg, two intramuscular [IM] injections with a 48-hour interval). Similarly, the control group received the same drug dose produced by Aboraihan Company. All the calves were examined clinically before treatment, and ultimately, clinical index score was recorded for each calf based on Observation Gradings on days two, four, and seven after the treatment. The results of culture analysis and routine bacteriological techniques indicated that <em>Mannheimia haemolytica</em> and <em>Pasteurella multocida</em> were isolated as dominant bacteria, and the antibiogram test emphasized sensitivity to florfenical 30 µg. The results indicated a significant reduction in the mean total value index in both groups after the treatment (P≤0.05), and changes of the total value index showed no significant differences between the two groups (P≥0.05), indicating that both antibiotics have the same effect on resolving clinical signs and the treatment of respiratory infection.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Abundance, diversity and seasonal dynamics of hard ticks infesting cattle in Isfahan province, central Iranفراوانی، تنوع و تغییرات فصلی کنه های سخت گاو در استان اصفهان152110749010.22034/ari.2016.107490ENVahid NoamanDepartment of Veterinary Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iran0000-0002-3002-2417Mohammad AbdigoudarziDepartment of Parasitology Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, IranAbdol Reza NabinejadDepartment of Veterinary Research, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iran0000-0002-1115-000XJournal Article20160423The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity, seasonal dynamics and abundance of ticks infesting cattle in Isfahan zone, Iran. The study was conducted in three traditional cattle farms. No acaricides had been applied to cattle at the selected farms. Adult ticks were collected twice per month from different parts of the cattle's body. Environmental data, including relative humidity, temperature and rainfall data were recorded in each sampling. A total of 1206 ticks (56% male and 44% female) were collected in the selected farms: Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was the most abundant species (85.5%), followed by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (8.7%) and Rhipicephalus sanguinus (6.5%), respectively. Ixodid tick abundance showed a dramatic increase, which led to remarkable abundance peaks during the spring (April, May and June), mainly due to the H. anatolicum anatolicum activity. The highest number of H. marginatum marginatum belonged to the end of the spring, and early summer. R. sanguinus was only collected in March (end of the winter) and June (end of the spring). The maximum density of the collected hard ticks was belonged to the spring (68.4%). About 27.1%, 3.5% and 1% of the whole tick samples were collected in summer, fall and winter, respectively. The maximum number of ticks were collected from udders (63.2%) followed by 36.1% from under the tail and 0.7% between the legs, while no ticks were found on the other parts of the animal’s body. Significant correlation was detected between tick number and mean temperature (P <0.05).Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Effects of experimental Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion envenomation on chickenاثر گزش تجربی عقرب مزوبتوس اپئوس در ماکیان233110749310.22034/ari.2016.107493ENMohammad KhosraviDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran0000-0001-9510-3464Mansour MayahiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, IranSeyedeh Missagh JalaliDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, IranAnahita RezaieDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, IranAhmad Taghavi MoghadamRazi Reference Laboratory of Scorpion Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahvaz, IranZohreh HosseiniStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.Seyedeh Kolsum BarzegarStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.Somayeh AzadmaneshStudent of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20160113This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and hematological effects of <em>Mesobuthus eupeus</em> venom on chicken organs. Adult chickens were subcutaneously injected with five doses of <em>M. eupeus</em> venom (0.5, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; four chickens per each dose). Symptoms were recorded during the experiment and blood samples were collected for hematological analysis. Moreover, a complete necropsy was performed. After macroscopic examination, tissue samples were obtained from the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, intestines and brain of the chickens three days after venom administration. In intravenous injection, lethal dose of the venom was determined at 15 mg/kg. The first clinical, pathological and hematological symptoms in envenomated chickens were observed at <em>M. eupeus</em> doses of 2, 5 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Hematological examination revealed a reduction in lymphocyte count following experimental envenomation, which returned to the pre-experiment level in almost all the cases. On the other hand, heterophil count was found to increase during the experimental period. In addition, erythrocyte count and hematocrit level were stable at all the intervals. Pathological examination was indicative of severe pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary and cerebral edema, tubular necrosis of the kidneys, hemorrhage in kidneys and heart, hyaline thrombus and congestion of the liver. According to the results of this study, poultry are resistant to the toxic effects of <em>M. eupeus</em> venom.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Effects of estradiol and oxytocin injection on the efficiency of artificial insemination in Iranian Zel ewes during the breeding seasonبهبود بازده تولید مثلی در گوسفندان ایرانی نژاد زل با استفاده از تزریق هورمونهای استرادیول و اکسی توسین در فصل تولید مثلی334110748910.22034/ari.2016.107489ENAfshin Seifi-JamadiDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranReza MasoudiDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, IranA.R. Hosseinzadeh AskiDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Ghaemshahr, IranHamid KohramDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranMohsen SharafiDepartment of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSeyed Danial Moein AledavoudDepartment of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranHassan SadeghipanahDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Ghaemshahr, IranJournal Article20160412In sheep industry, pregnancy rate after artificial insemination (AI) declines due to the complex anatomy of the cervix in ewes, such that it might prevent effective intrauterine insemination. At estrus, cervical relaxation occurs to some degree in ewes, which is regulated by the changes in the levels of reproductive hormones. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estradiol and intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) oxytocin injection at different doses on the cervical opening and pregnancy rate of Iranian Zel ewes during the breeding season. For this purpose, three experiments were conducted on 120 ewes (3-4 years old, weighing 47±2.5 kg). In the first experiment, ewes were equally assigned to two groups to receive estradiol (100-200 µg). After 12 h, each group was equally divided into six subgroups (n=20) and received 50, 100 and 150 IU oxytocin via IV and IM injection. Cervical opening was measured before and 15 min and 12 h after estradiol injection and 20 min after oxytocin administration. In the second experiment, we only assessed the effect of oxytocin administration on cervical opening similar to the first experiment. In the third experiment, controlled internal drug release (CIDR) was used in all the ewes for 12 days to induce estrus synchronization. Afterwards, the ewes received 550 IU intrauterine equine chorionic gonadotropin at the time of CIDR removal. Before AI, ewes were equally categorized into three groups (n=40); the first group was considered as control, and the other two groups received 100 IU oxytocin via IM or IV injection. At 54 h after CIDR removal, all ewes were inseminated transcervically using diluted fresh semen. Pregnancy was detected via ultrasound 50 days after insemination, and lambing and twinning rates were measured after parturition. Results of the first and second experiment indicated that estradiol injection had no effect on cervical opening (P>0.05), while the administration of 100 or 150 IU oxytocin (IV or IM) could dilate the cervix with or without estradiol (P<0.05). Furthermore, administration of 100 IU oxytocin (IV or IM) in the third experiment improved pregnancy and lambing rates compared to the control group (P<0.05); however, it had no effect on the twinning rate of the ewes (P>0.05). According to the results, IV or IM injection of oxytocin could improve the pregnancy rate in Iranian Zel ewes through the dilation of cervical canal. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be applied to enhance the pregnancy rate of ewes during the breeding season.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccineبهینهسازی فرایند غیرفعال سازی ویروس آنفلوانزای تحت تیپ H9N2 توسط فرمالین در تولید واکسن کشته آنفلوانزای طیور434910748610.22034/ari.2016.107486ENBehrooz Raie JadidiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz,IranHamid Erfan-NiyaDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranAli AmeghiDepartment of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Northwest Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization,Marand, IranJournal Article20160301Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as incubation temperature and duration on inactivation process. For this purpose, after preparation and measurement of antibody titers of vaccinal strains of avian influenza, 27 experimental samples of H9N2 avian influenza virus were prepared at different formalin concentrations (0.1%, 0.05%, and 0.025%), at different incubation temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C), and in different incubation durations (12, 18, and 24 h). In addition, three control samples were prepared at three different test temperatures without adding formalin. All the samples were evaluated by inactivation test, hemagglutination assay, and measurement of free formaldehyde. All the experiments were repeated within three consecutive periods. Considering the findings and destructive effects of long incubation durations at 37°C on antigens, the temperature of 25 °C was more suitable. Furthermore, the free formaldehyde amounts at different concentrations at 25 °C were slightly different in comparison with 37 °C. Therefore, formalin concentration of 0.1% at 25 °C completely inactivated the virus within 24 h and was proposed as the optimal condition.Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Molecular and microscopic detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses in Kurdestan Province, Iranتعیین آلودگی به تیلریا اکویی و بابزیا کابالی در اسبهای استان کردستان با استفاده از روشهای مولکولی و میکروسکوپی515510748510.22034/ari.2016.107485ENSiyamak KakekhaniDepartment of Microbiology, School of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranSadegh RahbariDepartment of Microbiology, School of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranRasool MadaniProteomics and Biochemistry Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. Department of Microbiology, School of Specialized Veterinary Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Saeed BokaeiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151208Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by intra-erythrocyte protozoa, <em>Theileria equi </em>and <em>Babesia caballi</em>. The present study aimed to detect piroplasm infection in horses in Kurdestan Province, Iran, through molecular and microscopic approaches.n this study, 186 blood samples were randomly collected from horses of five regions of Kurdestan Province. The Tbs-S/Tbs-A primer set was used for amplification of <em>Theileria equi</em> and <em>Babesia caballi</em> DNA through polymerase chain reaction. Blood smears of each case were also examined by Giemsa staining method. During microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears, 3 out of 186 (1.61%) blood samples were positive for piroplasm infection<em>.</em> The product of only one blood sample yielded 426-430 bp-sized fragments on a 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis, and BLAST analysis of the sequenced sample indicated a 100% similarity with <em>T. equi</em> 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank. The results indicated that one out of 186 blood sample was positive (0.54%) for <em>Theileria equi </em>and none of them was positive for <em>Babesia caballi.</em>Razi Vaccine & Serum Research InstituteArchives of Razi Institute0365-343972120170301Serum levels of iron parameters and IL-17 in children with Helicobacter pylori infection compared to healthy groupسطوح سرمی پارامترهای اینترلوکین 17 در کودکان مبتلا به عفونت هلیکوباکتر پیلوری و مقایسه آن با گروه سالم576210748810.22034/ari.2016.107488ENMehdi Bozorgi MazandaraniDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciencs, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, IranHami KaboosiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciencs, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, IranSaeed Shir-AliDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Jondi Shapour University, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20160307<em>Helicobacter pylori</em> is related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and inflammatory responses causing gastric and duodenal ulcer and carcinoma. Moreover, it leads to deficiency of factors associated with iron adsorption and transfer. In the present study, we recruited 100 children (50 infected with <em>H. pylori</em> and 50 controls) aged 3-14 years old (40% male and 60% female) to evaluate the effect of <em>H. pylori</em> on anemia and some of its related factors (i.e., total iron binding capacity [TIBC], ferritin, and transferrin) and also the amount of IL-17 expression. For the assessment of <em>H. pylori</em>, Euroimmune (Germany) kit was used for the ELISA test according to the instructions of manufacturer. Furthermore, for the measurement of IL-17 level, ELISA test (IBL commercial specific kit, Germany) was employed. The mean iron levels in the control and infected groups were 81.5 mg/dl and 43 mg/dl, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.007). The mean levels of transferrin in the control and infected children were 291 mg/dl and 249 mg/dl respectively, demonstrating a significant difference (P=0.008). Moreover, the ferritin levels were 64.5 ng/dl and 14 ng/dl in the control and infected groups, respectively (P=0.001). The TIBC levels were 329 mg/dl and 301 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.86). The mean levels of IL-17 in the healthy and infected children were 3.93±0.93 pg/ml and 8.887±1.46 pg/ml, respectively (P=0.002). Our findings revealed that <em>H. pylori</em> can play a role in anemia and induction of inflammatory responses through reducing iron-related parameters and significantly enhancing IL-17 level among the infected children compared to the healthy group.