ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae from Backyard and Commercial Turkeys in Some Parts of Iran
M. synoviae (MS) is an economically important pathogen and the major cause of airsacculitis and infectious synovitis in turkeys. Infection with this pathogen may remain asymptomatic but can render infected birds susceptible to secondary infections. This study was carried out for the molecular detection of MS infection in commercial and backyard turkey flocks in Tehran, Semnan, Isfahan, Qazvin, Zanjan, East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces of Iran. Sixty-hundred tracheal, choanal cleft or/and infraorbital sinus samples were collected from 18 commercial and 31 backyard turkey flocks. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was performed by using primers specific for detecting the 16S rRNA and vlhA genes of MS. The results showed that 51.61% of backyard and 33.33% of commercial farms were MS-positive. These findings suggested the molecular presence of MS, especially in northern and central regions of Iran. Further, the frequency of MS-positive samples was significantly lower in commercial farms than backyard farms (P<0.05).
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116615_180be3217eaa9d90a617387ccea96ec2.pdf
2018-06-01
79
85
10.22092/ari.2018.116615
Mycoplasma synoviae
Commercial
Backyard
Turkey
molecular detection
Iran
ُS.
Rasoulinezhad
saeed.rasoulinezhad@gmail.com
1
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. H.
Bozorgmehrifard
mhbfard@yahoo.com
2
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Hosseini
hosseini.ho@gmail.com
3
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Sheikhi
4
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Charkhkar
5
Department of Poultry and Obstetrics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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Ley, D. H., 2012. Mycoplasmagallisepticum infection. Pages 807–834 in Diseases of Poultry. 12 ed. Y. M. Saif, ed. Blackwell Publishing Professional, Ames, IA.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Canine Population Across India
Canine ehrlichiosis is a very important emerging disease in India. This study is the first attempt screening a large number of canines in India for the detection of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. In the present study, 510 blood samples of dogs were screened for the presence of Ehrlichia canis and other variants of Anaplasmataceae family by serological and molecular methods.Out of the 510 serum samples, 293 (57.5%) cases were found positive for the presence of E. canis antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, and 45 (8.8%) and 1 (0.2%) specimens were positive for E. canis and A. platys, respectively, based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the clinical samples of E. canis, the minimum detection limit for PCR was9 ng. In the immunofluorescence assay (IFA), the positive blood samples showed comparable results with those obtained from the commercially available dot ELISA kit (giving equivalent IFA titer). The results of sequencing were compared with other reported isolates in various regions of the world, and a phylogenetic relationship was established. The 16S rRNA region that was amplified and sequenced for E. canis and A. platys was highly conserved and so was another Vir B9 region.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116616_f4a2c46194f5f0e08f7b2a1e8353fbdf.pdf
2018-06-01
87
93
10.22092/ari.2018.116616
Ehrlichiosis canis
Anaplasma platys
Polymerase Chain Reaction
ELISA
India
K.
Kukreti
kartikaye.kukreti@gmail.com
1
Biotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh
AUTHOR
L.
Pandey
lkpandey16@gmail.com
2
St. aloysius College, Jabalpur (MP), India
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Das
manojkumar12@gmail.com
3
Biotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
AUTHOR
A.
Rastogi
amirastogii323@gmail.com
4
Biotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
AUTHOR
R.
Dubey
rahdubey345@gmail.com
5
Biotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
AUTHOR
P.
Sharma
prashantharma89@gmail.com
6
Biotechnology Section, Central Military Veterinary Laboratory, remount Veterinary Corps, Meerut Cantt, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
AUTHOR
De Groot, A. S., Bosma, A., Chinai, N., Frost, J., Jesdale, B. M., Gonzalez, M. A., Martin, W., Saint-Aubin, C., 2001. From genome to vaccine: in silico predictions, ex vivo verification. Vaccines19, 4385-4395.
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3
Felek, S., Greene, R., Rikihisa, Y., 2003. Transcriptional analysis of p30 major outer membrane gene of Ehrlichia canis in naturally infected ticks and sequence analysis of p30-10 of E. canis from diverse geographic regions. J Clin Microbiol 41, 886-888.
4
Goldman, E.E., Breitschwerdt, E.B., Grindem, C.B., Hegarty, B.C., Walls, J.J., Dumler, J.S., 1998. Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs from North Carolina and Virginia. J Vet Intern Med12, 61-70.
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Harrus, S., Waner, T., Alzenberg, I., Foley, J.E., Poland, A.M., Bark, H., 1998. Amplification of ehrlichial DNA from dogs 34 months after experimental infection with E. canis. J Clin Microbiol 36, 73-76.
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Kledmanee, K., Suwanpakdee, S., Krajangwong, S., Chatsiriwech, J., Suksai, P., Suwannachat, P.,et al., 2009. Development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia spp. and Hepatozoan canis in canine blood. Southeast. Asian. J Trop Med Public Health40, 35- 39.
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Kordick, S.K., Breitschwerdt, E.B., Hegarty, B.C., Southwick, K.L., Colitz, C.M., Hancock, S.I.,et al.,1999. Coinfection with multiple tick borne pathogens in a walker hound kennel in North Carolina. J Clin Microbiol 37, 2631-2638.
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16
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17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Four Chicken Carcass Transportation Methods at Selected Room Temperatures on the Bacterial Load of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Species, and Escherichia coli
Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisonings in humans through infected poultries. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of transportation of chicken carcasses at 18-24, 4-5, and 10-14 oC on the bacterial loads of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. This study was conducted on 180 fresh chicken carcasses (1197.0±19.88 g) randomly collected from a commercial poultry processing plant in southern Tehran, Iran, in a hot season in 2015. The sampling was performed at two stages, namely post-chilled washing and after 4 h of transportation. In the latter stage, the samples were selected from three vehicles with three types of temperatures. These vehicles included a pickup (18-24 oC), a refrigerated car (4-5 oC), and a refrigerated vehicle with switched off refrigerator (10-14 oC). According to the results, the whole body carcass samples transported at the pickup temperature had the highest mean total count (18.63×106±2.82×106 cfu.ml-1) and was greater (P<0.05) than the standard limit (5×106). On the other hand, the samples carried by the vehicle with switched off refrigerator had the lowest total count (0.65±0.04×106 cfu.ml-1). Similar results were obtained for S. aureus; accordingly, it reached the maximum (333.0±30.73 cfu.ml-1) at 18-24 oC, which was lower than the national standard limit even after 4 h of transportation. In addition, the cfu values for the total count and S. aureus sampled from the chicken carcasses were lower than the national standard level even after 4 h of carcass transportation, with the exception of Salmonella spp. at the three vehicle temperatures and E. coli at the pickup temperature. It was suggested that the transportation temperature of less than 10-14 oC could not affect the fresh chicken carcass to be contaminated with S. aureus and E. coli.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116617_4b8313ec5cd83e4617786960268bcdb9.pdf
2018-06-01
95
106
10.22092/ari.2018.116617
Salmonella
E. coli
Staphylococcus aureus poisoning
chicken transportation
N.
Hosseinnezhad
hosseinnezhad_neda@yahoo.com
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Ahari
dr.h.ahari@gmail.com
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Akhondzadeh
3
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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Zargar, M.H.S., Doust, R.H., Mobarez, A.M., 2014. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a gene isolated from raw red meat and poultry in Tehran, Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog 2, e16085.
39
Rahimi, F., Yousefi, R., Aghaei, S., 2006. Isolation of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Salmonlla spp, mold and yeast from raw material of sausage and burger production. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, 1-7 (In Persian).
40
Ristic, M., 1997. Application of chilling methods on slaughtered poultry. Fleischwirtschaft 77, 810-811.
41
Soltandalal, M.M., Vahedi, S., Zeraati, H., Bakhtiari, R., Izadpour, R., Khalifehgholi, M., 2007. Comparison of the bacterial prevalence of packaging and non-packaging red meat and poultry of retail and chain stores in southern Tehran. Journal of University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, 35-43 (In persian).
42
Tavakoli, H.R., Jodaei, A.A., Imani Fooladi, A.A., Sarshar, M., Rafati, H., Asadi Baghasiab, B., 2013. Common types of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin in meaty foods. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine 17, No 59, 2013, 9-15.
43
Todd, E.C., Greig, J.D., Bartleson, C.A., Michaels, B.S., 2009. Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 6. Transmission and survival of pathogens in the food processing and preparation environment. Journal of Food Protection® 72, 202-219.
44
Tyagi, C.L., Kumar, A., 2004. Consumer Behaviour. Atlantic Publishers & Dist, Dey 11, 1382 AP, India.
45
Zargar, M.H.S., Doust, R.H., Mobarez, A.M., 2014. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a gene isolated from raw red meat and poultry in Tehran, Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog 2, e16085.
46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cloning of Clostridium perfringens Iota Toxin Gene in Escherichia coli
Iota toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens type E. This toxin causes antibiotic-associated enterotoxemia in lambs and calves. Iota toxin is a binary toxin that has two components including Ia (the enzyme component) and Ib (the binding component). Ib binds to the surface receptor of target cells and translocate Ia into the cytosol of cells. The aim of this study was to clone toxigenic epitope of iota a gene in E. coli strain Top10. In this study, the phenol–chloroform method was used for the extraction of the whole genomic DNA. The toxigenic epitope of iota a gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was ligated into the pTZ57R/T vector cloning site. Then, based on the TA-cloning method, the product was cloned in competent E. coli strain Top10. Colony PCR was used to screen bacterial colonies transformed with recombinant plasmids. The presence of 446-bp fragment on agarose gel showed that the toxigenic epitope of iota a gene of C. perfringens has been cloned in E. coli strain Top10.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116618_8ce10fad287fad3a72c56918cbc32058.pdf
2018-06-01
107
111
10.22092/ari.2018.116618
Cloning
Clostridium perfringens
Iota toxin
E. coli
TA-cloning
P.
Seyed Sayyah
pooneh.sayah@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Urmia branch, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Golestani Eimani
golestani_bahram@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University,Urmia branch, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
R.
Pilehchian Langroudi
langgroudi@gmail.com
3
Specialized Clostridia reseach laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Alborz, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Aktories, K.; Wegner, A., 1989.ADP-ribosylation of actin by clostridial toxins. J Cell Biol 109, 1385–1387.
1
Aziminia, P., Pilehchian-Langroudi, R., Esmaeilnia, K., 2016. Cloning and expression of Clostridium perfringens type D vaccine strain epsilon toxin gene in E. coli as a recombinant vaccine candidate. Iranian J Microbiol 8, 226-231.
2
Bakhshi, F., Pilehchian-Langroudi, R., Golestani, Eimani, B., 2016. Enhanced expression of recombinant beta toxin of Clostridium perfringens type B using a commercially available Escherichia coli strain. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 30; 83(1):a1136.
3
Barth, H., Aktories, K., Popoff, M.R., Stiles, B.G., 2004. Binary bacterial toxins: Biochemistry, biology, and applications of common Clostridium and Bacillus proteins. Microbiol. Mol Biol Rev 68, 373–402.
4
Barth, H., K. Aktories, M. R. Popoff, and B. G. Stiles. 2004. Binary bacterial toxins: biochemistry, biology, and applications of common Clostridium and Bacillus proteins. Microbiol. Mol Biol Rev 68:373–402.
5
Blöcker, D., Behlke, J., Aktories, K., Barth, H., 2001. Cellular uptake of the Clostridium perfringens binary iota-toxin. Infect Immun 69(5):2980-7.
6
Brynestad, S., Synstad, B., Granum, P.E., 1997.Th e Clostridiumperfringensenterotoxin gene is on a transposable element in type A human food poisoning strains. Microbiology 143: 2109-2115.
7
Czeczulin, J.R., Collie, R.E., McClane, B.A., 1996. Regulated expression of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in naturally cpe-negative type A, B, and C isolates of C. perfringens. Infec Immun 64: 3301-3309.
8
Hale, M. L., J. C. Marvaud, M. R. Popoff, and B. G. Stiles. 2004. Detergentresistant membrane microdomains facilitate Ib oligomer formation and biological activity of Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin. Infect Immun 72: 2186–2193.
9
McDonel, J.L., 1986. Pharmacology of Bacterial Toxins; Pergamon Press: New York, NY, USA, pp. 477–517.
10
Ming-Yi Zhou and Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez., 2000.Universal TA Cloning.Curr. Mol Biol 2(1): 1-7.
11
Nagahama, M., Umezaki, M., Oda, M., Kobayashi, K., Tone, S, Suda, T., Ishidoh, K., Sakurai, J., 2011. Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin binducesrapidcellnecrosis. Infect Immun 79(11):4353-60.
12
Nijland R, Lindner C, Hartskamp M, Hamoen L, Kuipers OP., 2007 Heterologous production and secretion of Clostridium perfringens β-toxoid in closelyrelated Gram-positive hosts. J Biotechnol 127:361-372.
13
Perelle S, Scalzo S, Kochi S, Mock M, Popoff MR., 1997. Immunological and functional comparison between Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, C. spiroforme toxin, and anthrax toxins. FEMS Microbiol Lett 146(1):117-21.
14
Petit, L., Gibert, M., Popoff, M.R., 1999. Clostridium perfringens: toxinotype and genotype. Trends. Microbiol 7: 104-110.
15
PilehchianLangroudi R, Shamsara M, Aghaiypour K., 2013. Expression of Clostridium perfringens epsilon-beta fusion toxin gene in E. coli and its immunologic studies in mouse.Vaccine 11; 31 (32):3295-9.
16
PilehchianLangroudi R., 2015. Isolation, Specification, Molecular Biology Assessment and Vaccine Development of Clostridium in Iran: A Review. Int J Enteric Pathog 3(4): e28979.
17
Sakurai J, Nagahama M, Oda M, Tsuge H, Kobayashi K., 2009. Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin: structure and function. Toxins (Basel) 1(2):208-28.
18
Sakurai, J., Nagahama. M., Ochi, S., 1997.Major toxins of Clostridium perfringens. J Toxicol Toxin Rev 16, 195–214.
19
Stiles BG, Hale ML, Marvaud JC, Popoff MR., 2002. Clostridium perfringens iotatoxin: characterization of the cell-associatediotab complex. Biochem J 367(Pt 3):801-8.
20
Vandekerckhove J, Schering B, Bärmann M, Aktories K., 1987. Clostridium perfringens iota toxin ADP-ribosylates skeletal muscle actin in Arg-177.FEBS Lett 225(1-2):48-52.
21
Hadjeb, N. and Berkowitz, G.A., 1996. Preparation of T-overhang vectors with high PCR product cloning efficiency. BioTechniques 20: 20-22.
22
Rashtchian, A., 1995. Novel methods for cloning and engineering genes using the polymerase chain reaction. Curr Opin Biotech 6: 30-36.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Essential Oils Combination on Sporulation of Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Eimeria Oocysts
Avian coccidiosis is the most important parasitic disease in poultry production, which inflicts numerous losses to the industry. The extensive use of anticoccidial drugs leads to parasite resistance and drug residue in poultry products. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three famous essential oils (EOs) and their combination on inactivation of mixed oocysts of Eimeria adenoides, Eimeria dispersa, Eimeria meleagrimitis, and Eimeria meleagridis. The EOs of Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia sieberi, and Mentha pulegium were prepared. After inoculation of each turkey with 7×105 sporulated oocysts, fresh unsporulated oocysts were harvested from their feces. To evaluate the sporulation inhibition effect, 5×104 oocysts were used in each treatment. Each EO was used in increasing concentrations. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined for each EO and they were blended in pairs based on IC50 line. Our results showed that the IC50 values for mentha, artemisia, and thyme were 22.92, 40.5, and 53.42 mg/ml, respectively. According to our results, artemisia and thyme combination has a synergistic effect, whereas the combination of a high concentration of mentha with a low concentration of thyme had an antagonistic effect. During this study, no interactions were observed between mentha and artemisia.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116542_f77421d0d8db72ad785ecaa9083f26f7.pdf
2018-06-01
113
120
10.22092/ari.2017.109255.1102
Essential oils
Coccidiosis
Turkey
Eimeria
Sporulation inhibition
N.
Isakakroudi
dr.nik2009@gmail.com
1
Department of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Talebi
a.talebi@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Allymehr
allymehr@yahoo.com
3
Department of Poultry Health & Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Tavassoli
mtavassoli2000@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Allen, P.C., Lydon, J., Danforth, H.D., 1997. Effects of components of Artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. Poult Sci 76, 1156-1163.
1
Belli, S.I., Smith, N.C., Ferguson, D.J.P., 2006. The coccidian oocyst: a tough nut to crack! Tren Parasitol 22, 416-423.
2
Bozkurt, M., Giannenas, I., Küçükyilmaz, K., Christaki, E., Florou-Paneri, P., 2013. An update on approaches to controlling coccidia in poultry using botanical extracts. British Poult Sci 54, 713-727.
3
Brenes, A., Roura, E., 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Anim Feed Sci Technol 158, 1-14.
4
Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. Int J Food Microbiol 94, 223-253.
5
Conway, D.P., McKenzie, M.E., 2008. Poultry Coccidiosis: Diagnostic and Testing Procedures, 3rd ed., Blackwell Publishing Professional, Iowa (USA),pp. 41-47.
6
delCacho, E., Gallego, M., Francesch, M., Quilez, J., Sanchez-Acedo, C., 2010. Effect of artemisinin on oocyst wall formation and sporulation during Eimeriatenella infection. ParasitolInt 59, 506-511.
7
Delaquis, P.J., Stanich, K., Girard, B., Mazza, G., 2002. Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. Int J Food Microbiol 74, 101-109.
8
Duru, M.E., Ozturk, M., Ugur, A., Ceylan, O., 2004. The constituents of essential oil and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Micromeriacilicica from Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol 94, 43-48.
9
Fatemi, A., Razavi, S.M., Asasi, K., TorabiGoudarzi, M., 2015. Effects of Artemisia annua extracts on sporulation of Eimeria oocysts. Parasitol Res 114, 1207-1211.
10
Gessner, P.K., 1995. Isobolographic analysis of interactions: an update on applications and utility. Toxicol 105, 161-179.
11
Guimaraes, J.S., Jr., Bogado, A.L., da Cunha, T.C., Garcia, J.L., 2007. In vitro evaluation of the disinfection efficacy on Eimeriatenellaunsporulated oocysts isolated from broilers. Rev BraParasitol Vet 16, 67-71.
12
Kennedy, D.G., Smyth, W.G., Hewitt, S.A., Mcevoy, J.D., 1998. Monensin carry-over into unmedicated broiler feeds. Analyst 123, 2529-2533.
13
Mahboubi, M., Valian, M., Kazempour, N., 2015. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Artemisia sieberi oils from different parts of Iran and France. JEssential Oil Res 27, 140-147.
14
Mcdougald, L.R., Fitz-Coy, S.H., 2013. Coccidiosis. In: Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Mcdougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K., Suarez, D.L., Nair, V. (Eds.), Diseases of Poultry13th edn.,Wiley-Blackwell, USA, pp. 1163-1165.
15
Molan, A.L., Liu, Z., De, S., 2009. Effect of pine bark (Pinusradiata) extracts on sporulation of coccidian oocysts. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 56, 1-5.
16
Muthamilselvan, H., Kuo, T.F., Wu, Y.C., Yang, W.C., 2016. Herbal remedies for coccidiosis control: a review of plants, compounds, and anticoccidial actions. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016, Article ID 2657981.
17
Oumzil, H., Ghoulami, S., Rhajaoui, M., Ilidrissi, A., Fkih-Tetouani, S., Faid, M., et al., 2002. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils of Menthasuaveolens. Phytother Res 16, 727-731.
18
Peek, H., 2010. Resistance to anticoccidial drugs: alternative strategies to control coccidiosis in broilers. Department of pathobiology Utrecht Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, p. 244.
19
Remmal, A., Bouchikhi,T., Rhayour, K., Ettayebi, M.,1993. Improved Method for the Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils in Agar Medium. J Essen Oil Res 5, 197-184.
20
Remmal, A., Achahbar, S., Bouddine, L., Chami, N., Chami, F., 2011. In vitro destruction of Eimeria oocysts by essential oils. Vet Parasitol 182, 121-126.
21
Saini, R., Davis, S., Dudley-Cash, W., 2003. Mentha essential oil reduces the expression of coccidiosis in broilers. Proceeding of the 52nd Conference on Western Poultry Diseases, Sacramento, CA, pp. 97-98.
22
Samaha, H.A.t., Haggag, Y.N., Nossair, M.A.s., Habib, H.M., 2013. Assessment of The Efficiency of Some Chemical Disinfectants Used in poultry Farms Against Coccidiosis. AJVS 39, 82-90.
23
Shirley, M.W., 1992. Research on avian coccidia: An update. Brit Vet J 148, 479-499.
24
Shivaramaiah, C., John R Barta, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Guillermo Téllez, Billy M Hargis, 2014. Coccidiosis: recent advancements in the immunobiology of Eimeria species, preventive measures, and the importance of vaccination as a control tool against these Apicomplexan parasites. Vet Med 5, 23.
25
Solórzano-Santos, F., Miranda-Novales, M.G., 2012. Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. CurrOpinBiotechnol 23, 136-141.
26
Stephen, B., Rommel, M., Daugschies, A., Haberkorn, A., 1997. Studies of resistance to anticoccidials in Eimeria field isolates and pure Eimeria strains. Vet Parasitol 69, 19-29.
27
Vrba,V., Pakandl, M., 2014. Coccidia of turkey: from
28
isolation, characterisation and comparison to molecular phylogeny and molecular diagnostics. Int J Parasitol 44, 985-1000.
29
Williams, R.B., 1997. Laboratory tests of phenolic disinfectants as oocysticides against the chicken coccidiumEimeriatenella. Vet Rec 141, 447-448.
30
Zaman, M.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N., Muhammad, G., 2012. Anthelmintic activity of a herbal formulation against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Pak Vet J 32, 117-121.
31
Zhou, F., Ji, B., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Yang, Z., Li, J., et al., 2007. Synergistic effect of thymol and carvacrol combined with chelators and organic acids against Salmonella Typhimurium. J Food Prot 70, 1704-1709.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Oral Administration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Quantitative and Qualitative Properties of Arabic Ram Sperm and Some Antioxidant Parameters of Seminal Plasma in the Non-Breeding Season
Zinc is an essential mineral and accepted as a trace element in the animal nutrition and for its role in biological enzymatic pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on some of the antioxidant parameters of semen plasma, quantitative and qualitative properties of Arabic ram sperm in the non-breeding season. Twelve adult Arabic rams (about 3-5 years old, 70 ±2.1 kg) were randomly assigned to receive one of the three levels of dietary ZnONPs (control; 0, group 1; 40 ppm and group 2; 80 ppm). Results showed that using different levels of ZnONPs increased the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of semen plasma significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05). Motility (74.83%), viability (76.90%), semen volume (1.76 ml) and sperm concentration (1418×106/ml) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in ZnONPs supplemented groups compared with the control group. The sperm morphological abnormalities reduced significantly in treated groups (10.46 and 9.07%) compared with the control group (12.66%; P <0.05). Also, the results suggested that 80 ppm level of ZnONPs increased the functionality of sperm membrane (44.38%) compared with other groups (37 and 35.66%, respectively for groups 1 and control) (P<0.05). Based on the results, using 80 ppm level of ZnONPs lead to an improvement in the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (48.62 ml) and total antioxidant capacity of semen plasma (111.88 µg/ml) compared with other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion using 80 ppm level of ZnONPs had a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative properties of sperm and lead to a significant betterment in the activity of some antioxidant parameters of Arabic ram semen in the non-breeding season.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116620_2ad9082cc9446bafe337456db23f3ca8.pdf
2018-06-01
121
129
10.22092/ari.2018.120225.1187
Ram
Sperm
Superoxide dismutase
total antioxidant capacity
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
M.H.
Abaspour Aporvari
mohamadhoseine72.abaspor@yahoo.com
1
Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Mamoei
mamouei_m@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Tabatabaei Vakili
3
Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Ahwaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Zareei
ab@gmail.com
4
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Dadashpour Davachi
navid.d.davachi@gmail.com
5
Department of Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbasalipourkabir, R., Moradi, H., Zarei, S., Asadi, S., Salehzadeh, A., Ghafourikhosroshahi, A., et al., 2015. Toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on adult male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 84, 154-160.
1
Adeel, M., Ijaz, A., Aleem, M., Rehman, H., Yousaf, M.S., Jabbar, M.A., 2009. Improvement of liquid and frozen-thawed semen quality of Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) through supplementation of fat. Theriogenology 71, 1220-1225.
2
Afifi, M., Almaghrabi, O.A., Kadasa, N.M., 2015. Ameliorative Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Antioxidants and Sperm Characteristics in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Testes. Biomed Res Int 2015, 153573.
3
Al-Mubaddel, F.S., Haider, S., Al-Masry, W.A., Al-Zeghayer, Y., Imran, M., Haider, A., et al., 2017. Engineered nanostructures: A review of their synthesis, characterization and toxic hazard considerations. Ara J Chem 10, S376-S388.
4
Alvarez, J.G., Touchstone, J.C., Blasco, L., Storey, B.T., 1987. Spontaneous lipid peroxidation and production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in human spermatozoa. Superoxide dismutase as major enzyme protectant against oxygen toxicity. J Androl 8, 338-348.
5
Barkhordari, A., Hekmatimoghaddam, S., Jebali, A., Khalili, M.A., Talebi, A., Noorani, M., 2013. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on viability of human spermatozoa. Iran J Reprod Med 11, 767-771.
6
Baumber, J., Ball, B.A., Gravance, C.G., Medina, V., Davies-Morel, M.C., 2000. The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. J Androl 21, 895-902.
7
Bedwal, R.S., Bahuguna, A., 1994. Zinc, copper and selenium in reproduction. Experientia 50, 626-640.
8
Casao, A., Mendoza, N., Perez-Pe, R., Grasa, P., Abecia, J.A., Forcada, F., et al., 2010. Melatonin prevents capacitation and apoptotic-like changes of ram spermatozoa and increases fertility rate. J Pineal Res 48, 39-46.
9
Chvapil, M., 1973. New aspects in the biological role of zinc: A stabilizer of macromolecules and biological membranes. Life Sci 13, 1041-1049.
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Gavella, M., Lipovac, V., 1998. In vitro effect of zinc on oxidative changes in human semen. Androl 30, 317-323.
11
Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., Dziendzikowska, K., Lankoff, A., Dobrzynska, M., Instanes, C., Brunborg, G., et al., 2012. Silver nanoparticles effects on epididymal sperm in rats. Toxicol Lett 214, 251-258.
12
Hadwan, M.H., Almashhedy, L.A., Alsalman, A.R., 2012. Oral zinc supplementation restores high molecular weight seminal zinc binding protein to normal value in Iraqi infertile men. BMC Urol 12, 32.
13
Hernandez-Sierra, J.F., Ruiz, F., Pena, D.C., Martinez-Gutierrez, F., Martinez, A.E., Guillen Ade, J., et al., 2008. The antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus mutans to nanoparticles of silver, zinc oxide, and gold. Nanomedicine 4, 237-240.
14
Ibrahim, S.A., Yousri, R.M., 1992. Effect of dietary zinc, season and breed on semen quality and body weight in goats. Int J Anim Sci 7 5-12.
15
Isaac, A.V., Kumari, S., Nair, R., Urs, D.R., Salian, S.R., Kalthur, G., et al., 2017. Supplementing zinc oxide nanoparticles to cryopreservation medium minimizes the freeze-thaw-induced damage to spermatozoa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 494, 656-662.
16
Khan, R.U., 2011. Antioxidants and poultry semen quality. World's Poultry Sci J 67, 297-308.
17
Kreider, J.L., Tindall, W.C., Potter, G.D., 1985. Inclusion of bovine serum albumin in semen extenders to enhance maintenance of stallion sperm viability. Theriogenology 23, 399-408.
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Kołodziejczak-Radzimska, A., Jesionowski, T., 2014. Zinc Oxide—From Synthesis to Application: A Review. Materials 7, 2833.
19
Kumar, N., Verma, R.P., Singh, L.P., Varshney, V.P., Dass, R.S., 2006. Effect of different levels and sources of zinc supplementation on quantitative and qualitative semen attributes and serum testosterone level in crossbred cattle (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) bulls. Reprod Nutr Dev 46, 663-675.
20
Lan, Z., Yang, W.X., 2012. Nanoparticles and spermatogenesis: how do nanoparticles affect spermatogenesis and penetrate the blood-testis barrier. Nanomedicine (Lond) 7, 579-596.
21
Lewis-Jones, D.I., Aird, I.A., Biljan, M.M., Kingsland, C.R., 1996. Effects of sperm activity on zinc and fructose concentrations in seminal plasma. Hum Reprod 11, 2465-2467.
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Martin, G.B., White, C.L., Markey, C.M., Blackberry, M.A., 1994. Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the reproductive system of young male sheep: testicular growth and the secretion of inhibin and testosterone. J Reprod Fertil 101, 87-96.
23
McCord, J.M., Fridovich, I., 1969. Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem 244, 6049-6055.
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Moce, E., Arouca, M., Lavara, R., Pascual, J.J., 2000. Effect of dietary zinc and vitamin supplementation on semen characteristics of high growth rate males during summer season. World Rabbit Congress, pp. 20, 203-209.
25
Nazarizadeh, A., Asri-Rezaie, S., 2016. Comparative Study of Antidiabetic Activity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate in Diabetic Rats. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 17, 834-843.
26
Plante, M., de Lamirande, E., Gagnon, C., 1994. Reactive oxygen species released by activated neutrophils, but not by deficient spermatozoa, are sufficient to affect normal sperm motility. Fertil Steril 62, 387-393.
27
Prasad, A.S., Bao, B., Beck, F.W., Kucuk, O., Sarkar, F.H., 2004. Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 37, 1182-1190.
28
Rahman, H.U., Qureshi, M.S., Khan, R.U., 2014. Influence of dietary zinc on semen traits and seminal plasma antioxidant enzymes and trace minerals of beetal bucks. Reprod Domest Anim 49, 1004-1009.
29
Rogalska, J., Brzoska, M.M., Roszczenko, A., Moniuszko-Jakoniuk, J., 2009. Enhanced zinc consumption prevents cadmium-induced alterations in lipid metabolism in male rats. Chem Biol Interact 177, 142-152.
30
Song, W., Zhang, J., Guo, J., Zhang, J., Ding, F., Li, L., et al., 2010. Role of the dissolved zinc ion and reactive oxygen species in cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 199, 389-397.
31
Song, Y., Guan, R., Lyu, F., Kang, T., Wu, Y., Chen, X., 2014. In vitro cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles to human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Mutat Res 769, 113-118.
32
Talebi, A.R., Khorsandi, L., Moridian, M., 2013. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. J Assist Reprod Genet 30, 1203-1209.
33
Ueda, H., Kayama, F., Mori, N., Doi, Y., Fujimoto, S., 1991. Effects of Dietary Zinc Deficiency on Protein Secretory Functions of the Mouse Testis. Arch Histol Cytol 54, 401-410.
34
Wang, B., Feng, W., Wang, M., Wang, T., Gu, Y., Zhu, M., et al., 2008. Acute toxicological impact of nano- and submicro-scaled zinc oxide powder on healthy adult mice. J Nano Res 10, 263-276.
35
Wong, W.Y., Merkus, H.M.W.M., Thomas, C.M.G., Menkveld, R., Zielhuis, G.A., Steegers-Theunissen, R.P.M., 2002. Effects of folic acid and zinc sulfate on male factor subfertility: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 77, 491-498.
36
Zhang, L., Wang, Y.X., Xiao, X., Wang, J.S., Wang, Q., Li, K.X., et al., 2017. Effects of Zinc Glycinate on Productive and Reproductive Performance, Zinc Concentration and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Breeders. Biol Trace Element Res 178, 320-326
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes among the Phylogroups of Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Calves and Chickens Affected by Colibacillosis in Tehran, Iran
Antibiotic resistance occurs in the endogenous flora of exposed population in addition to pathogenic bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes among 63 isolates of Escherichia coli of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in diarrheic calves and poultry. According to the results, B1 and B2 were the most prevalent phylogroups of E. coli in calves and poultry carcasses, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was observed in 76% of the isolates, and 62% of the strains were multi-drug resistant. Antibiotic resistance in E. coli strains obtained from calves strains was significantly higher than those obtained from poultries. Additionally, the strains of B1 and D phylogroups had the highest and lowest antimicrobial resistance, respectively. At least one encoding gene for integrone was detected in 23 strains (36.5%) and Class I integron had the highest prevalence. Accordingly, this study gave baseline information on the magnitude of the resistance problem and its genetic background in E. coli from domesticated animals of the Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the power of oligonucleotide array technology in the discrimination of different genotypes during a short time was confirmed in this study.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116502_53e0a6ab410f8a4cb5e452e8af262829.pdf
2018-06-01
131
137
10.22092/ari.2018.116502
Escherichia coli
phylogroups
Integrons
Resistance genes
H.
Staji
hstaji@semnan.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Tonelli
a.tonelli@izs.it
2
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Giuseppe Caporale, Department of Research and Development, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo TE, Italy
AUTHOR
T.
Zahraei Salehi
tsalehi@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Mahdavi
mahdavi@semnan.ac.ir
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Shahroozian
shahroozian@semnan.ac.ir
5
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
M. R.
Salimi Bejestani
msalimi@semnan.ac.ir
6
Department of Veterinary Parasitology
AUTHOR
S.
Mehdizade Mood
sara.mehdizade@semnan.ac.ir
7
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Keywanloo
m.keywanloo@semnan.ac.ir
8
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ahmadi Hamedani
ahmadihamedani@semnan.ac.ir
9
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Emadi Chashmi
emadishashmi@semnan.ac.ir
10
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
I.
Ashrafi Tamai
iradjashrafi@gmail.com
11
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
E.
Atefi Tabar
elham.atefi@yahoo.com
12
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Baldy-Chudzik, K., Mackiewicz, P. and Stosik, M., 2008. Phylogenetic background, virulence gene profiles, and genomic diversity in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from ten mammal species living in one zoo. Vet microbiol 131(1), 173-184.
1
Bilitewski, U., 2009. DNA microarrays: an introduction to the technology. Methods Mol Biol 509, 1-14.
2
Bruant, G., Maynard, C., Bekal, S., Gaucher, I., Masson, L., Brousseau, R. and Harel, J., 2006. Development and validation of an oligonucleotide microarray for detection of multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli. Applied and environ microbiol 72(5), 3780-3784.
3
Bumgarner, R., 2013. DNA microarrays: Types, Applications and their future. Curr Protoc Mol Biol 0 22: Unit–22.1.
4
Call, D. R., Bakko, M. K., Krug, M. J., Roberts, M. C., 2003. Identifying antimicrobial resistance genes with DNA microarrays. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47, 3290-3295.
5
Carattoli, A., 2008. Animal reservoirs for extended spectrum β‐lactamase producers. Clin Microbiol and Infect 14(s1), 117-123.
6
Clermont, O., Bonacorsi, S. and Bingen, E., 2000. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Appl environ microbiol 66(10), 4555-4558.
7
Davies, J., 2007. Microbes have the last word. EMBO Rep 8, 616 - 21.
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Escobar‐Páramo, P., Menac’h, L., Le Gall, T., Amorin, C., Gouriou, S., Picard, B., Skurnik, D. and Denamur, E., 2006. Identification of forces shaping the commensal Escherichia coli genetic structure by comparing animal and human isolates. Environ Microbiol 8(11), 1975-1984.
9
Ewers, C., Bethe, A., Semmler, T., Guenther, S. and Wieler, L.H., 2012. Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing and AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli from livestock and companion animals, and their putative impact on public health: a global perspective. Clin Microbiol and Infec 18(7), 646-655.
10
Gordon, D.M. and Cowling, A., 2003. The distribution and genetic structure of Escherichia coli in Australian vertebrates: host and geographic effects. Microbiology 149(12), 3575-3586.
11
Gordon, D.M., Clermont, O., Tolley, H. and Denamur, E., 2008. Assigning Escherichia coli strains to phylogenetic groups: multi‐locus sequence typing versus the PCR triplex method. Environ microbiol 10(10), 2484-2496.
12
Guerra, B., Junker, E., Schroeter, A., Malorny, B., Lehmann, S. and Helmuth, R., 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in German Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, swine and poultry. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 52(3), 489-492.
13
Kaper, J.B., Nataro, J.P. and Mobley, H.L., 2004. Pathogenic escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol 2(2), 123-140.
14
Mammeri, H., Van De Loo, M., Poirel, L., Martinez-Martinez, L. and Nordmann, P., 2005. Emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in Europe. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49(1), 71-76.
15
Salehi, T.Z., Derakhshandeh, A., Tadjbakhsh, H. and Karimi, V., 2013. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the ISS gene in two predominant avian pathogenic E. coli serogroups isolated from avian colibacillosis in Iran. Research in veterinary science, 94(1), 5-8.
16
Salehi, T.Z., Tonelli, A., Mazza, A., Staji, H., Badagliacca, P., Tamai, I.A., Jamshidi, R., Harel, J., Lelli, R. and Masson, L., 2012. Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 strains isolated from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) by using microarray DNA technology. Mol biotech 51(3), 283-288.
17
Schwarz, S. and Chaslus-Dancla, E., 2001. Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance. Vet Res 32(3-4), 201-225.
18
Schwarz, S. and Chaslus-Dancla, E., 2001. Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance. Vet res 32(3-4), 201-225.
19
Shahaboddin, E., Staji, H., 2015. Determination and comparison of phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains isolated from wild birds and human with urinary infections in Semnan city by using multiplex PCR technique [master’s thesis]. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University.
20
Smet, A., Martel, A., Persoons, D., Dewulf, J., Heyndrickx, M., Herman, L., Haesebrouck, F. and Butaye, P., 2010. Broad-spectrum β-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae of animal origin: molecular aspects, mobility and impact on public health. FEMS microbiol rev 34(3), 295-316.
21
Staji, H., Salehi, T.Z., Dastjerdi, A.M. and Tonelli, A., 2012. Pathotyping of isolated Escherichia coli from domesticated calves and poultry using modern DNA microarray technique. J Vet Res 67(1), 1-9.
22
Staji, H., Tonelli, A., Javaheri-Vayeghan, A., Changizi, E. and Salimi-Bejestani, M.R., 2015. Distribution of Shiga toxin genes subtypes in B1 phylotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from calves suffering from diarrhea in Tehran suburb using DNA oligonucleotide arrays. Iran J Microbiol 7(4), 191.
23
Wang, H. Y., Malek, R. L., Kwitek, A. E., Greene, A. S., Luu, T. V., Behbahani, B. et. al., 2003. Assessing unmodified 70-mer oligonucleotide probe performance on glass-slide microarray. Genome Biol 4, 5.
24
Wu, L., Thompson, D. K., Li, G., Hurt, R. A., Tiedje, J. M., Zhou, J., 2001. Development and evaluation of functional gene arrays for detection of selected genes in the environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 67, 5780-5790.
25
Youssefi, M., Rahimi, M., 2010. Haemoproteus Columbae in Columba livia domestica of Three Areas in Iran in 2010. Glob Vet 7, 593-5.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae among Commercial Poultry in Khouzestan Province, Iran
Mycoplasmas are important avian pathogens, which can cause both respiratory disease and synovitis in poultry that result in considerable economic losses to the poultry industry all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infections among commercial poultry flocks in Khouzestan province, Iran, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Totally, 290 tracheal swab samples were collected from 19 broiler flocks and 4 layer-breeder flocks, with or without respiratory signs, in different areas of Khouzestan province within six months. The PCR tests were applied for the specific amplification of 16S rRNA (185 bp) and vlhA (392 bp) genes. Out of 100 swab samples obtained from the layer-breeder flocks, 1 and 72 specimens were positive for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. In this regard, out of the 4 layer-breeder flocks, 1 (25%) and 4 (100%) flocks were positive for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. However, none of the studied broiler flocks were M. gallisepticum- or M. synoviae-positive. According to the results, the PCR technique could be concluded as a rapid method for the accurate identification of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae infections in commercial poultry flocks. The results were indicative of the low prevalence of M. gallisepticum in the studied flocks in Khouzestan province. On the other hand, M. synoviae was widely distributed among layer-breeder flocks in this province.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116164_4c36558238a1fd8176180c3833b24342.pdf
2018-06-01
139
146
10.22092/ari.2018.116164
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma synoviae
Poultry
PCR
Khouzestan
R.
Ghadimipour
r.ghadimipour@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Gharibi
dr.gharibi@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Mayahi
m.mayahi@scu.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Avakian, A. P., Kleven, S. H., 1990. The humoral immune response of chickens to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae studied by immunoblotting.Vet Microbiol 24, 155-169.
1
Barua, S.R., Prodhan, A.M., Islam, S., Chawdhury, S., 2006. Study on Mycoplasma gallisepticumin chicken. Bangladesh J Vet Med 4, 141-142.
2
Buim, M.R., Mettifogo, E., Timenetsky, J., Kleven, S., Ferreira, A.J.P., 2009. Epidemiological survey on Mycoplasma gallisepticumand Mycoplasma synoviaeby multiplex PCR in commercial poultry. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 29, 552-556.
3
Dufour-Gesbert, F., Dheilly, A., Marois, C., Kempf, I., 2006. Epidemiological study on Mycoplasma synoviae infection in layers. Vet Microbiol 114, 148-154.
4
Feberwee, A., Mekkes, D.R., de Wit, J.J., Hartman, E.G., Pijpers, A., 2005. Comparison of culture, PCR, and different serologic tests for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infections. Avian Dis 49, 260-268.
5
Feberwee, A., De Vries, T.S., Landman, W.J.M., 2008.Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma synoviaein Dutch commercial poultry farm. Avian Pathol 37, 629-633.
6
Grodio, J.L., Dhondt, K.V., O’Connell, P.H., Schat, K.A., 2008. Detection and quantification of Mycoplasma gallisepticum genome load in conjunctival samples of experimentally infected house finches (Carpodacusmexicanus) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol37, 385-391.
7
Haghighi-Khoshkhoo, P., Akbariazad, G., Roohi, M., Inanlo, I., Masoumi, M., Sami-Yousefi, P., 2011. Seroprevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae infection in the commercial layer flocks of the Centernorth of Iran. African J Microbiol Res 5(18), 2834-2837.
8
Haque, E., Uddin, G., Akter, S., 2015. Prevalence of mycoplasmosis of chickens at Kotwali Thana in Chittagong, Bangladesh. J Fisheries Livest Prod 3, 1-3.
9
Hess, M., Neubauer, C., Hackl, R., 2007.Interlaboratory comparison of ability to detect nucleic acid of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae by polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol36, 127-133.
10
Hosseini Aliabad, S.A., Pourbakhsh, S.A., Charkhkar, S., BozorgmehriFard, M.H., Shikhi, N., 2012. Molecular study and phylogenetic analysis of Mycoplasma synoviaeisolated from poultry flocks from Mazandran Province of Iran. African J Biotechnol 11(8), 2124-2129.
11
Jeffery, N., Gasser, R.B., Steer, P.A., Noormohammadi, A.H., 2007. Classification of Mycoplasma synoviae strains using singlestrand conformation polymorphism and highresolution melting-curve analysis of the vlhA gene single copy region. Microbiol 153, 2679-2688.
12
Kempf, I.,Gesbert, F., Guittet, M., Bennejean, G., 1994. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in drug-treated chickens: comparison of diagnosis methods including polymerase chain reaction. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 41(9), 597-602.
13
Kempf, I., 1998. DNA amplification methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of avian mycoplasmosis. Avian Pathol 27, 7-14.
14
Khalda, A.K., Rahman, M.B., Amal, M.M., 2008. Isolation, identification and molecular detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in breeder poultry farm in Khartoum state, Sudan. Sudan J Vet Res 23, 65-71.
15
Köhn, S., Spergse, J., Ahlers, C., Voss, M., Bartels, T., Rosengarten, R., Krautwald-Junghanns, M.E., 2009. Prevalence of Mycoplasmas in commercial layer flocks during laying period. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 122, 186-192.
16
Lierz, M., Hagen, N., Lueschow, D., Hafez, H.M., 2008. Use of polymerase chain reactions to detect Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma imitans, Mycoplasma iowae, Mycoplasma meleagridis and Mycoplasma synoviae in birds of prey. Avian Pathol 37(5), 471-476.
17
Liu, T., Garcia, M., Levisohn, S., Yogev, D., Kleven, S., 2001. Molecular variability of the adhesion-encoding Gene pvpAamong Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains and its application in diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 39, 1882-1888.
18
Lockaby, S.B.,Hoerr, F.J., Lauerman, L.H., Kleven, S.H., 1998. Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma synoviae in broiler chickens.Vet Pathol 35, 178-190.
19
Markey, B.K., Leonard, F.C., Archambault, M., Cullinane, A., Maguire D., 2013. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Edinburgh, The CV Mosby Company, 2thedition, pp: 423-431.
20
Nascimento, E.R., Yamamoto, R., Herrick, K.R., Tait, R.C., 1991. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Avian Dis 35, 62-69.
21
Nascimento, E. R., Pereira, V. L. A., Nascimento, M. G. F., Barreto, M. L., 2005. Avian mycoplasmosis update. Brazilian J Poult Sci 7(1), 1-9.
22
Rachida, A., Omar, B., ElHacène, B., Rachid, K., Mohamed Cherif, A.J., 2013. Serological investigation on avian mycoplasmosis in laying hen farm. Synoviae in Eastern Algeria. IJAVM. SYNOVIAE 7(5), 170-177.
23
Saâdia, N., Rachid, A., Falak, A., Naoufal, R., Idriss, L.A.,
24
Ouafaa, F.F., Mohammed, E.H., 2014. Detection of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in broiler breeder far M. synoviae of Morocco using serological assays and real time PCR. J Life Sci 8, 815-821.
25
Sarkar, S.K., Rahman, M.B., Khan, M.F.R., 2005. Sero-Prevalence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of chickens in model breeder poultry farm. Synoviae of Bangladesh. Int J Poult Sci 4, 32-35.
26
Seifi, S., Shirzad, M.R., 2012. Incidence and risk factors of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in broiler breeder farm. Synoviae of Iran. Vet World 5(5), 265-268.
27
Suzuki, K., Origlia, J., Alvarez, F., Faccioli, M., Silva, M., Caballero, J., Nunrez,L., Castro, L., 2009. Relative risk estimation for Mycoplasma synoviaein backyard chickens in Paraguay. Int J Poult Sci 8, 842-847.
28
Tebyanian, H., Mirhosseiny, S.H., Kheirkhah, B., Hassanshahian, M., Farhadian, H., 2014. Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma synoviaefrom suspected ostriches by polymerase chain reaction, in Kerman province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 7(9), e19262.
29
Yilmaz, F., Timurkaan, N., 2011. Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae antigens by immunohistochemical method in pneumonic broiler chicken lungs. J AnimVet Adv 10(19), 2557- 2560.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae (Apicomplexa: Haemoproteidae) and Trichomonas gallinae (Metamonada: Trichomonadidae) infections among pigeons (Columba livia) in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
A cross-sectional survey was performed on domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica) to evaluate the prevalence of Haemoproteus columbae and Trichomonas gallinae in West Azerbaijan Province, northwest of Iran between July 2015 and September 2016. Five hundred and sixty oropharyngeal swab smears were examined, 297 (53%) of which were identified to be positive for T. gallinae. Also, the results obtained from blood smears examination indicated that 115 (20.5%) cases were found to be infected with H. columbae. The rates of T. gallinae and H. columbae infection infemale pigeons (58.3% and 21.3%, respectively) were higher compared to those in males. There were 76 (26.1%) and 210 (72.4%) cases of H. columbae and T. gallinae infection in adolescent birds, respectively, which were higher than those in other age groups. We found high prevalence rates of H. columbae and T. gallinae infections in domestic pigeons. Therefore, more attention should be focused on controlling the spread of T. gallinae and H. columbae infection in domestic pigeons.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_116619_fd016f9dbe1d45be7765160a3ddbacba.pdf
2018-06-01
147
152
10.22092/ari.2018.116619
Haemoproteus columbae
Trichomonas gallinae
west Azerbaijan
Iran
K.
Adinehbeigi
adinehbeigi.keivan@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ebrahimi
mansour.ebrahimi91@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Soltani Eini
maryamsoltani64@gmail.com
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Samiei
avathh@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Al-Sadi, H.I., Hamodi, A.Z., 2011. Prevalence and Pathology of Trichomoniasis in Free–Living Urban Pigeons in the City of Mosul, Iraq Vet World 4, 12–14.
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3
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4
Eimanifar, A., Mohebbi, F., 2007. Urmia Lake (northwest Iran): a brief review. Saline Systems 3, 5.
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Radfar, M.H., Fathi, S., Asl, E.N., Dehaghi, M.M., Seghinsara, H.R., 2011. A survey of parasites of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in South Khorasan, Iran. Vet Res 4, 18–23.
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16
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17
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19
Youssefi, M., Rahimi, M., 2010. Haemoproteus Columbae in Columba livia domestica of Three Areas in Iran in 2010. Glob Vet 7, 593-5.
20