ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In silico analysis of Ta9 gene polymorphism in an Iranian Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell line S15 vaccine strain and native isolates
Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by obligate intracellular parasites related to the genus Theileria. Cellular immune responses protect cattle against pathogens through the activation of immune cells. Nowadays, live, attenuated vaccine of Theileria annulata (T. annulata) is being produced in Iran and is recommended for active cattle immunization. Detection of the immunogenic antigens and epitopes recognized by CD8+ T Lymphocytes is vital for the development of recombinant and subunit vaccines. Herein, sequences of the genes encoding Ta9, which is an important antigenrecognized by bovine CD8+ T cells specific for T. annulata, in Iranian S15 vaccine strains, several Iranian isolates, as well as reference Ta9 DNA sequences registered in GeneBank were compared through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The obtained data from DNA sequences were analyzed by using "Nucleotide", "Blast n", "BioEdit" and "IEDB" softwares. The results showed high level of variation in nucleotides and amino acids level. The observed polymorphism in Ta9 gene sequences of Iranian vaccine strains and some isolates from Iran demonstrated that this antigen contains polymorphic sequences and is active along with the specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the host. Polymorphic sequences and specific epitopes of Ta9 gene for CD8+ T cell provides an explanation for incomplete protection observed after inoculation of heterologous parasites in vaccinated cattle. These results have important implications for the application of Ta9 antigen for developing novel subunit vaccines.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106444_37f454deb67a8d952a692291fd592daf.pdf
2016-06-01
71
80
10.22034/ari.2016.106444
Antigen
Iran
Polymorphism
Ta9
Theileria annulata
vaccine
G.
Habibi
g.habibi@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed, J.S., Hartwig, H., Schein, E., 1999. Generation of Theileria annulata-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes coincides with the control of tropical theileriosis. Parasitol Res 85, 870-872.
1
Campbell, J.D., Russell, G.C., Nelson, R.E., Spooner, R.L., Glass, E.J., 1997. Theileria annulata "superantigen" activity--TCB usage by responding bovine CD4+ cells from uninfected donors. Biochem Soc Trans 25, 277S.
2
Darghouth, M.A., Ben Miled, L., Bouattour, A., Melrose, T.R., Brown, C.G., Kilani, M., 1996. A preliminary study on the attenuation of Tunisian schizont-infected cell lines of Theileria annulata. Parasitol Res 82, 647-655.
3
Emery, D.L., Eugui, E.M., Nelson, R.T., Tenywa, T., 1981. Cell-mediated immune responses to Theileria parva (East Coast fever) during immunization and lethal infections in cattle. Immunology 43, 323-336.
4
Goddeeris, B.M., Morrison, W.I., Toye, P.G., Bishop, R., 1990. Strain specificity of bovine Theileria parva-specific cytotoxic T cells is determined by the phenotype of the restricting class I MHC. Immunology 69, 38-44.
5
Graham, S.P., Pelle, R., Yamage, M., Mwangi, D.M., Honda, Y., Mwakubambanya, R.S., de Villiers, E.P., Abuya, E., Awino, E., Gachanja, J., Mbwika, F., Muthiani, A.M., Muriuki, C., Nyanjui, J.K., Onono, F.O., Osaso, J., Riitho, V., Saya, R.M., Ellis, S.A., McKeever, D.J., MacHugh, N.D., Gilbert, S.C., Audonnet, J.C., Morrison, W.I., van der Bruggen, P., Taracha, E.L., 2008. Characterization of the fine specificity of bovine CD8 T-cell responses to defined antigens from the protozoan parasite Theileria parva. Infect Immun 76, 685-694.
6
Habibi, G., 2012. Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria annulata Infected Cell Line S15 Iran Vaccine Strain. Iran J Parasitol 7, 73-81.
7
Hansen, A.M., Rasmussen, M., Svitek, N., Harndahl, M., Golde, W.T., Barlow, J., Nene, V., Buus, S., Nielsen, M., 2014. Characterization of binding specificities of bovine leucocyte class I molecules: impacts for rational epitope discovery. Immunogenetics 66, 705-718.
8
Hayashida, K., Abe, T., Weir, W., Nakao, R., Ito, K., Kajino, K., Suzuki, Y., Jongejan, F., Geysen, D., Sugimoto, C., 2013. Whole-genome sequencing of Theileria parva strains provides insight into parasite migration and diversification in the African continent. DNA Res 20, 209-220.
9
Jappe, U., 2000. Superantigens and their association with dermatological inflammatory diseases: facts and hypotheses. Acta Derm Venereol 80, 321-328.
10
Machugh, N.D., Burrells, A.C., Morrison, W.I., 2008. Demonstration of strain-specific CD8 T cell responses to Theileria annulata. Parasite Immunol 30, 385-393.
11
MacHugh, N.D., Weir, W., Burrells, A., Lizundia, R., Graham, S.P., Taracha, E.L., Shiels, B.R., Langsley, G., Morrison, W.I., 2011. Extensive polymorphism and evidence of immune selection in a highly dominant antigen recognized by bovine CD8 T cells specific for Theileria annulata. Infect Immun 79, 2059-2069.
12
McKeever, D.J., Taracha, E.L., Innes, E.L., MacHugh, N.D., Awino, E., Goddeeris, B.M., Morrison, W.I., 1994. Adoptive transfer of immunity to Theileria parva in the CD8+ fraction of responding efferent lymph. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91, 1959-1963.
13
Morrison, W.I., 1996. Influence of host and parasite genotypes on immunological control of Theileria parasites. Parasitology 112 Suppl, S53-66.
14
Morrison, W.I., Connelley, T., Hemmink, J.D., MacHugh, N.D., 2015. Understanding the basis of parasite strain-restricted immunity to Theileria parva. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 3, 397-418.
15
Morrison, W.I., Goddeeris, B.M., Teale, A.J., Groocock, C.M., Kemp, S.J., Stagg, D.A., 1987. Cytotoxic T-cells elicited in cattle challenged with Theileria parva (Muguga): evidence for restriction by class I MHC determinants and parasite strain specificity. Parasite Immunol 9, 563-578.
16
Morrot, A., Zavala, F., 2004. Effector and memory CD8+ T cells as seen in immunity to malaria. Immunol Rev 201, 291-303.
17
Pipano, E., 1989. Vaccination against Theileria annulata theileriosis, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.
18
Preston, P.M., Brown, C.G., Spooner, R.L., 1983. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in Theileria annulata infection of cattle with evidence for BoLA restriction. Clin Exp Immunol 53, 88-100.
19
Radley, D.E., Brown, C.G.D., Burridge, M.J., Cunningham, M.P., Kirimi, I.M., Purnell, R.E., Young, A.S., 1975. East coast fever: 1. Chemoprophylactic immunization of cattle against Theileria parva (Muguga) and five theilerial strains. Veterinary Parasitology 1, 35-41.
20
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T., 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor; NY, B.16.
21
Spooner, R.L., Innes, E.A., Glass, E.J., Brown, C.G., 1989. Theileria annulata and T. parva infect and transform different bovine mononuclear cells. Immunology 66, 284-288.
22
Sutherland, I.A., Shiels, B.R., Jackson, L., Brown, D.J., Brown, C.G., Preston, P.M., 1996. Theileria annulata: altered gene expression and clonal selection during continuous in vitro culture. Exp Parasitol 83, 125-133.
23
Taracha, E.L., Goddeeris, B.M., Teale, A.J., Kemp, S.J., Morrison, W.I., 1995. Parasite strain specificity of bovine cytotoxic T cell responses to Theileria parva is determined primarily by immunodominance. J Immunol 155, 4854-4860.
24
Weir, W., Ben-Miled, L., Karagenc, T., Katzer, F., Darghouth, M., Shiels, B., Tait, A., 2007. Genetic exchange and sub-structuring in Theileria annulata populations. Mol Biochem Parasitol 154, 170-180.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study on molecular characterization of Razi Bacillus anthracis Sterne 34F2 substrain in Iran
Anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, has affected humans since ancient times. For genomic characterization of Razi B. anthracis Sterne 34F2 substrain, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping method developed by Van Erth, variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)-8 analysis proposed by Keim, and multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA)-3 introduced by Levy were employed. In the SNPs typing system, where the nucleotide content of the genome at 13 evolutionary canonical loci was collectively analyzed, the originally South African 34F2 substrain was categorized in the A.Br.001/002 subgroup. In the VNTR-8 analysis, fragments with lengths of 314, 229, 162, 580, 532, 158, and 137 bp were identified at the following loci: vrrA, vrrB1, vrrB2, vrrC1, vrrC2, CG3, and pxO1, respectively. In addition, application of Levy's MLVA-3 genotyping method revealed that the genome of this strain carried 941, 451, and 864 bp fragments at AA03, AJ03, and AA07 loci, respectively. The present findings are undoubtedly helpful in meeting the requirements set by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and World Health Organization (WHO) for anthrax vaccine manufacturers including Razi Institute. However, further similar studies are required to promote the current epidemiological knowledge of anthrax in Iran.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106445_293b3baf040e585c56305dd8184053fd.pdf
2016-06-01
81
86
10.22034/ari.2016.106445
Iran
Anthrax
Max Sterne
K.
Tadayon
1
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
G.
Moazeni Jula
2
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Banihashemi
3
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Sekhavati
4
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.A.
Naseri Rad
5
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Razaz
6
Department of Veterinary Aerobic Bacteria, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Behr, M., Small, P., 1999. A historical and molecular phylogeny of BCG strains. Vaccine 17, 915-922.
1
Delpi, L.P., 1938. Infectious diseases of animals in Study on infectious diseases of farm animals in iran, Razi Institute, Karaj.
2
Feodorova, V.A., Sayapina, L.V., Corbel, M.J., Motin, V.L., 2014. Russian vaccines against especially dangerous bacterial pathogens. Emerging microbes & infections 3, e86.
3
Gilfoyle, D., 2006. Anthrax in South Africa: economics, experiment and the mass vaccination of animals, c. 1910–1945. Medical history 50, 465-490.
4
Honda, I., Seki, M., Ikeda, N., Yamamoto, S., Yano, I., Koyama, A., Toida, I., 2006. Identification of two subpopulations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Tokyo172 substrain with different RD16 regions. Vaccine 24, 4969-4974.
5
Jula, G.M., Sattari, M., Banihashemi, R., Razzaz, H., Sanchouli, A., Tadayon, K., 2011. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bacillus anthracis isolates from Iran. Tropical animal health and production 43, 699-704.
6
Keim, P., Price, L., Klevytska, A., Smith, K., Schupp, J., Okinaka, R., Jackson, P., Hugh-Jones, M., 2000. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. Journal of Bacteriology 182, 2928-2936.
7
Legge, T., 1905. The milroy lectures on industrial anthrax: Delivered before the royal college of physicians of london. British Medical Journal 1, 589.
8
Levy, H., Fisher, M., Ariel, N., Altboum, Z., Kobiler, D., 2005. Identification of strain specific markers in Bacillus anthracis by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters 244, 199-205.
9
Najafi Olya, Z., Tadayon, K., Ghaderi, R., 2015. A Simplified Van Erth SNP- Typing Method of Bacillus Anthracis Applicable by Traditional Thermocycler Machines. Medical Laboratory Journal 9, 97-103.
10
Oettinger, T., Jørgensen, M., Ladefoged, A., Hasløv, K., Andersen, P., 1999. Development of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine: review of the historical and biochemical evidence for a genealogical tree. Tubercle and lung disease 79, 243-250.
11
Popa, V., Manea, M., Pastrama, F., Burlacu, O., Voinovschi, E., Botus, D., Danes, M., 2009. Genetic characterization of bacillus anthracis R1190 stamatin vaccinal strain. Lucrari Stiintifice-Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara 42, 299-303.
12
Seyyed-Mohammadi, S., Bidhendi, S.M., Tadayon, K., Ghaderi, R., 2015. Genetic Characterization of Bacillus anthracis 17 JB strain. Iranian Journal of Microbiology 7, 168-172.
13
Tigertt, W.D., 1980. Anthrax. William Smith Greenfield, M.D., F.R.C.P., Professor Superintendent, the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution (1878-81). Concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax. The Journal of hygiene 85, 415-420.
14
Turnbull, P.C., 1991. Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future. Vaccine 9, 533-539.
15
Van Ert, M.N., Easterday, W.R., Huynh, L.Y., Okinaka, R.T., Hugh-Jones, M.E., Ravel, J., 2007. Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis. PloS one 2, e461.
16
Wang, Z., Pan, Y., Wu, J., Zhu, B., 2012. [Complete genome sequencing and sequence analysis of BCG Tice]. Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica 52, 1219-1227.
17
Xu, D., Li, G., Wu, L., Zhou, J., Xu, Y., 2002. PRIMEGENS: robust and efficient design of gene-specific probes for microarray analysis. Bioinformatics 18, 1432-1437.
18
Behr, M., Small, P., 1999. A historical and molecular phylogeny of BCG strains. Vaccine 17, 915-922.
19
Delpi, L.P., 1938. Infectious diseases of animals in Study on infectious diseases of farm animals in iran, Razi Institute, Karaj.
20
Feodorova, V.A., Sayapina, L.V., Corbel, M.J., Motin, V.L., 2014. Russian vaccines against especially dangerous bacterial pathogens. Emerg Microbes Infect 3, e86.
21
Gilfoyle, D., 2006. Anthrax in South Africa: economics, experiment and the mass vaccination of animals, c. 1910–1945. Medical history 50, 465-490.
22
Honda, I., Seki, M., Ikeda, N., Yamamoto, S., Yano, I., Koyama, A., Toida, I., 2006. Identification of two subpopulations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Tokyo172 substrain with different RD16 regions. Vaccine 24, 4969-4974.
23
Jula, G.M., Sattari, M., Banihashemi, R., Razzaz, H., Sanchouli, A., Tadayon, K., 2011. The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Bacillus anthracis isolates from Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 43, 699-704.
24
Keim, P., Price, L., Klevytska, A., Smith, K., Schupp, J., Okinaka, R., Jackson, P., Hugh-Jones, M., 2000. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. Journal of Bacteriology 182, 2928-2936.
25
Legge, T., 1905. The milroy lectures on industrial anthrax: Delivered before the royal college of physicians of london. British Medical Journal 1, 589.
26
Levy, H., Fisher, M., Ariel, N., Altboum, Z., Kobiler, D., 2005. Identification of strain specific markers in Bacillus anthracis by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. FEMS Microbiology Letters 244, 199-205.
27
Najafi Olya, Z., Tadayon, K., Ghaderi, R., 2015. A Simplified Van Erth SNP- Typing Method of Bacillus Anthracis Applicable by Traditional Thermocycler Machines. Medical Laboratory Journal 9, 97-103.
28
Oettinger, T., Jørgensen, M., Ladefoged, A., Hasløv, K., Andersen, P., 1999. Development of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine: review of the historical and biochemical evidence for a genealogical tree. Tubercle and lung disease 79, 243-250.
29
Popa, V., Manea, M., Pastrama, F., Burlacu, O., Voinovschi, E., Botus, D., Danes, M., 2009. Genetic characterization of bacillus anthracis R1190 stamatin vaccinal strain. Lucrari Stiintifice-Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole a Banatului Timisoara, Medicina Veterinara 42, 299-303.
30
Seyyed-Mohammadi, S., Bidhendi, S.M., Tadayon, K., Ghaderi, R., 2015. Genetic Characterization of Bacillus anthracis 17 JB strain. Iranian Journal of Microbiology 7, 168-172.
31
Tigertt, W.D., 1980. Anthrax. William Smith Greenfield, M.D., F.R.C.P., Professor Superintendent, the Brown Animal Sanatory Institution (1878-81). Concerning the priority due to him for the production of the first vaccine against anthrax. Journal of Hygiene (London) 85, 415-420.
32
Turnbull, P.C., 1991. Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future. Vaccine 9, 533-539.
33
Van Ert, M.N., Easterday, W.R., Huynh, L.Y., Okinaka, R.T., Hugh-Jones, M.E., Ravel, J., 2007. Global genetic population structure of Bacillus anthracis. PLoS One 2, e461.
34
Wang, Z., Pan, Y., Wu, J., Zhu, B., 2012. [Complete genome sequencing and sequence analysis of BCG Tice]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 52, 1219-1227.
35
Xu, D., Li, G., Wu, L., Zhou, J., Xu, Y., 2002. PRIMEGENS: robust and efficient design of gene-specific probes for microarray analysis. Bioinformatics 18, 1432-1437.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
S1 gene sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus vaccinal strains (H120 & H52) and their embryo-passaged derivatives
Avian infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious disease that mainly causes respiratory symptoms in poultry. A number of serotypes and variants of the viral agent with poor cross-protection are the major problem to achieve desired immunity from vaccination. The S1 subunit of S glycoprotein (spike) is the major determinant of IBV so that a minor change in amino acid sequence of this protein, alters the virus strain. Therefore, characterization of the sequence of S1 gene is necessary to identify virus strains and their similarities with the vaccinal strains. In this research, the S1 sequence of H52 and H120 vaccinal strains of Razi Institute was fully characterized, and also the effect of serial passages in embryonated - eggs (5 passages beyond the master seed) on the S1 gene was investigated. The results showed that H120 and H52 strains of Razi Institute are 100% identical to the reference vaccine strains available in the GenBank. In addition, the H52 strain showed one amino acid substitution from the 3rd passage in which Glycine (G) was replaced by Valine (V) at position 118 making these passages exactly identical to the H120 strain while no change occurred for the H120 strain during these passages. Analysis of the original vaccinal strains which are widely administered in Iran, is definitely useful for prevention and control strategies against the circulating viruses. To identify the genetic change(s) responsible for attenuation of these strains during passages in embryonated-egg, characterization of other genes, especially those involved in replication is recommended.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106446_9f6ee7e42db7db6da0ef70e90a84e8cb.pdf
2016-06-01
87
96
10.22034/ari.2016.106446
IBV
Vaccinal strain
S1 gene characterization
egg- passaged
M.
Bakhshesh
m.bakhshesh@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Masoudi
s.masoudi@rvsri.ac.ir
2
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Esmailizad
3
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
B.
Khalesi
4
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ammayappan, A., Upadhyay, C., Gelb, J., Jr., Vakharia, V.N., 2009. Identification of sequence changes responsible for the attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain Arkansas DPI. Archives of virology 154, 495-499.
1
Bijlenga, G., Cook, J.K., Gelb, J., Jr., de Wit, J.J., 2004. Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from the Netherlands as a vaccine: a review. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 33, 550-557.
2
Capua, I., Minta, Z., Karpinska, E., Mawditt, K., Britton, P., Cavanagh, D., Gough, R.E., 1999. Co-circulation of four types of infectious bronchitis virus (793/B, 624/I, B1648 and Massachusetts). Avian Pathology 28, 587-592.
3
Cavanagh, D., 1981. Structural polypeptides of coronavirus IBV. The Journal of general virology 53, 93-103.
4
Cavanagh, D., 2007. Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Veterinary research 38, 281-297.
5
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P.J., Cook, J.K., Li, D., Kant, A., Koch, G., 1992. Location of the amino acid differences in the S1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 21, 33-43.
6
Cavanagh, D., Davis, P.J., Mockett, A.P.A., 1988. Amino acids within hypervariable region 1 of avian coronavirus IBV (Massachusetts serotype) spike glycoprotein are associated with neutralization epitopes. Virus Research 11, 141-150.
7
Cavanagh, D., Picault, J.P., Gough, R., Hess, M., Mawditt, K., Britton, P., 2005. Variation in the spike protein of the 793/B type of infectious bronchitis virus, in the field and during alternate passage in chickens and embryonated eggs. Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A 34, 20-25.
8
Jackwood, M.W., Boynton, T.O., Hilt, D.A., McKinley, E.T., Kissinger, J.C., Paterson, A.H., Robertson, J., Lemke, C., McCall, A.W., Williams, S.M., Jackwood, J.W., Byrd, L.A., 2010. Emergence of a group 3 coronavirus through recombination. Virology 398, 98-108.
9
Jackwood, M.W., Hall, D., Handel, A., 2012. Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 12, 1305-1311.
10
Kant, A., Koch, G., van Roozelaar, D.J., Kusters, J.G., Poelwijk, F.A., van der Zeijst, B.A., 1992. Location of antigenic sites defined by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the S1 avian infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide. The Journal of general virology 73 ( Pt 3), 591-596.
11
Koch, G., Hartog, L., Kant, A., van Roozelaar, D.J., 1990. Antigenic domains on the peplomer protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus: correlation with biological functions. The Journal of general virology 71 ( Pt 9), 1929-1935.
12
Lee, C.-W., Jackwood, M.W., 2001. Origin and evolution of Georgia 98 (GA98), a new serotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virus Research 80, 33-39.
13
Masters, P., Perlman, S., 2013. Coronaviridae in Fields of virology, Lippincot Williams& Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.
14
McKinley, E.T., Hilt, D.A., Jackwood, M.W., 2008. Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis attenuated live vaccines undergo selection of subpopulations and mutations following vaccination. Vaccine 26, 1274-1284.
15
Phillips, J.E., Jackwood, M.W., McKinley, E.T., Thor, S.W., Hilt, D.A., Acevedol, N.D., Williams, S.M., Kissinger, J.C., Paterson, A.H., Robertson, J.S., Lemke, C., 2012. Changes in nonstructural protein 3 are associated with attenuation in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Virus genes 44, 63-74.
16
Sutou, S., Sato, S., Okabe, T., Nakai, M., Sasaki, N., 1988. Cloning and sequencing of genes encoding structural proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 165, 589-595.
17
Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G., Gibson, T.J., 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic acids research 22, 4673-4680.
18
Thor, S.W., Hilt, D.A., Kissinger, J.C., Paterson, A.H., Jackwood, M.W., 2011. Recombination in avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. Viruses 3, 1777-1799.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Subtyping of Salmonella enterica isolated from humans and food animals using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
Salmonella infections are the second leading cause of zoonotic bacterial foodborne illness. Main source of infection in human is contaminated food products. The aim of this study was sub typing isolates of Salmonella entericaobtained during our previous study byPulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. All 46 Salmonella isolates were serotyped and then subjected to PFGE. Total isolates were analyzed by means of the molecular technique XbaI PFGE. In this study, PFGE and serotyping were used to subtype 46 Salmonella isolates belonging to 27different serovars and derived from human and different food origins. Among these isolates, S. Typhimurium was found to be the most predominant serovar. 40 PFGE patterns out of 46 isolates were obtained. The Discrimination Index obtained by serotyping (DI = 0.93) was lower than PFGE (DI = 0.99). Subtyping of Salmonella enterica is very important and shows that animal origin can be one of a reservoir that potentially could be transferred to human through the food chain. In addition, results of this study also revealed that this procedure is a golden standard for genotyping of such salmonellaserotypes.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106447_71ed7fc13921847469dc51d062f04bd7.pdf
2016-06-01
97
102
10.22034/ari.2000.106447
PFGE
Salmonella enterica
serotyping
Subtyping
Human
Food animals
N.
Golab
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamin Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Khaki
khakipejvak53@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Noorbakhsh
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Islamin Azad University, Varamin Branch, Varamin, Iran
AUTHOR
Archambault, M., Petrov, P., Hendriksen, R.S., Asseva, G., Bangtrakulnonth, A., Hasman, H., Aarestrup, F.M., 2006. Molecular characterization and occurrence of extended-spectrum -lactamase resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis from Thailand, Bulgaria, and Denmark. Microb Drug Resist 12.
1
Fendri, I., Ben Hassena, A., Grosset, N., Barkallah, M., Khannous, L., Chuat, V., Gautier, M., Gdoura, R., 2013. Genetic diversity of food-isolated Salmonella strains through Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR). PLoS One 8, e81315.
2
Fitzgerald, C., Helsel, L.O., Nicholson, M.A., Olsen, S.J., Swerdlow, D.L., Flahart, R., Sexton, J., Fields, P.I., 2001. Evaluation of methods for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni during an outbreak involving a food handler. J Clin Microbiol 39, 2386-2390.
3
Foley, S.L., Lynne, A.M., 2008. Food animal-associated Salmonella challenges: pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. J Anim Sci 86, E173-187.
4
Foley, S.L., Lynne, A.M., Nayak, R., 2009. Molecular typing methodologies for microbial source tracking and epidemiological investigations of Gram-negative bacterial foodborne pathogens. Infect Genet Evol 9, 430-440.
5
Garaizar, J., Lopez-Molina, N., Laconcha, I., Lau Baggesen, D., Rementeria, A., Vivanco, A., Audicana, A., Perales, I., 2000. Suitability of PCR fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, combined with computerized gel analysis, in library typing of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. Appl Environ Microbiol 66, 5273-5281.
6
Gaul, S.B., Wedel, S., Erdman, M.M., Harris, D.L., Harris, I.T., Ferris, K.E., Hoffman, L., 2007. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of conserved XbaI fragments for identification of swine Salmonella serotypes. J Clin Microbiol 45, 472-476.
7
Gerner-Smidt, P., Kincaid, J., Kubota, K., Hise, K., Hunter, S.B., Fair, M.A., Norton, D., Woo-Ming, A., Kurzynski, T., Sotir, M.J., Head, M., Holt, K., Swaminathan, B., 2005. Molecular surveillance of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 by PulseNet USA. J Food Prot 68, 1926-1931.
8
Gillespie, B.E., Mathew, A.G., Draughon, F.A., Jayarao, B.M., Oliveri, S.P., 2003. Detection of Salmonella enterica somatic groups C1 and E1 by PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Food Prot 66, 2367-2370.
9
Golab, N., Khaki, P., Noorbakhsh, F., 2014. Molecular Typing of Salmonella Isolates in Poultry by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Iran. Int J Enteric Pathog 2, e21485.
10
Gorman, R., Adley, C.C., 2004. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from human, food, and animal sources in the Republic of Ireland. J Clin Microbiol 42, 2314-2316.
11
Harbottle, H., White, D.G., McDermott, P.F., Walker, R.D., Zhao, S., 2006. Comparison of multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility typing for characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolates. J Clin Microbiol 44, 2449-2457.
12
Healy, M., Huong, J., Bittner, T., Lising, M., Frye, S., Raza, S., Schrock, R., Manry, J., Renwick, A., Nieto, R., Woods, C., Versalovic, J., Lupski, J.R., 2005. Microbial DNA typing by automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR. J Clin Microbiol 43, 199-207.
13
Herikstad, H., Motarjemi, Y., Tauxe, R.V., 2002. Salmonella surveillance: a global survey of public health serotyping. Epidemiol Infect 129, 1-8.
14
Hunter, P.R., Gaston, M.A., 1988. Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: an application of Simpson's index of diversity. J Clin Microbiol 26, 2465-2466.
15
Kumao, T., Ba-Thein, W., Hayashi, H., 2002. Molecular subtyping methods for detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Oranienburg outbreaks. J Clin Microbiol 40, 2057-2061.
16
Liebana, E., Guns, D., Garcia-Migura, L., Woodward, M.J., Clifton-Hadley, F.A., Davies, R.H., 2001. Molecular typing of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in animals in England: assessment of methodology. J Clin Microbiol 39, 3609-3616.
17
Logue, C.M., Nolan, L.K., 2009. Molecular Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Toxins. In: Toldrá, F. (Ed.), Safety of Meat and Processed Meat, Springer New York, New York, NY, pp. 461-498.
18
Majowicz, S.E., Musto, J., Scallan, E., Angulo, F.J., Kirk, M., O'Brien, S.J., Jones, T.F., Fazil, A., Hoekstra, R.M., International Collaboration on Enteric Disease 'Burden of Illness, S., 2010. The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin Infect Dis 50, 882-889.
19
Modarressi, S., Thong, K., 2010. Isolation and molecular sub typing of Salmonella enterica from chicken, beef and street foods in Malaysia. Sci Rese Essay 5, 2713-2720.
20
Olsen, J.E., Skov, M.N., Threlfall, E.J., Brown, D.J., 1994. Clonal lines of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis documented by IS200-, ribo-, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and RFLP typing. J Med Microbiol 40, 15-22.
21
Popoff , M.Y., Bockemuhl, J., Gheesling. L, L., 2004. To the Kauffmann-White scheme. Res Microbiol 155, 568-570.
22
Rahmani, M., Peighambari, S.M., Svendsen, C.A., Cavaco, L.M., Agersø, Y., Hendriksen, R.S., 2013. Molecular clonality and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in three Northern regions of Iran. BMC Veterinary Research 9, 1-9.
23
Sandt, C.H., Fedorka-Cray, P.J., Tewari, D., Ostroff, S., Joyce, K., M'Ikanatha N, M., 2013. A comparison of non-typhoidal Salmonella from humans and food animals using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. PLoS One 8, e77836.
24
Stepan, R.M., Sherwood, J.S., Petermann, S.R., Logue, C.M., 2011. Molecular and comparative analysis of Salmonella enterica Senftenberg from humans and animals using PFGE, MLST and NARMS. BMC Microbiol 11, 153.
25
Wattiau, P., Boland, C., Bertrand, S., 2011. Methodologies for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Subtyping: Gold Standards and Alternatives. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, 7877-7885.
26
Woo, Y.K., 2005. Finding the sources of Korean Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT 4 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Microbiol 43, 424-429.
27
Zahraei- Salehi, T., Madadgar, O., Tadjbakhsh, H., Mahzounieh, M.R., Feizabadi, M.M., 2011. Molecular study of the Salmonella enterica serovars Abortusovis, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 35, 281-294.
28
Zou, W., Lin, W.J., Foley, S.L., Chen, C.H., Nayak, R., Chen, J.J., 2010. Evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles for identification of Salmonella serotypes. J Clin Microbiol 48, 3122-3126.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation and purification of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B from hydatid cyst fluid using three different methods
Hydatid cyst, the larval stage of cestodes Echinococcus spp., is recognized as a zoonotic infection in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently classified echinococcosis in a group of neglected tropical diseases.The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection is high in Iran due to the presence of various intermediate hosts in this country. Considering the rising trend of this zoonotic parasitic disease based on national epidemiological studies, diagnosis is of great significance. WHO has suggested the use of specific antigens, especially antigen B (AgB) for serological diagnostic tests. In general, AgB is a polymeric lipoprotein, which disintegrates into 8.12, 16, and 20.24 kDa subunits. In the present study, we applied three different methods for AgB isolation from hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and compared their efficacy in AgB isolation. Finally, the protein concentration of this antigen was measured by Bradford assay and confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed that the application of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) as a thickener agent beside purification of HCF in dialysis bag and filtering and also dialysis against acetate buffer leading to the best quantity in purified antigen B.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106448_abb6894e3c31a36e8b599fe389efc7e7.pdf
2016-06-01
103
108
10.22034/ari.2016.106448
Antigen B
Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst
Isolation
S.
Shirazi
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Madani
r.madani@rvsri.ac.ir
2
Proteomics and Biochemistry Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Hoghooghi Rad
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Ranjbar Bahadori
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
AUTHOR
Asghari, M., Mohebali, M., Kia, E.B., Farahnak, A., Aryaeipour, M., Asadian, S., Rokni, M.B., 2013. Seroepidemiology of Human Hydatidosis Using AgB-ELISA Test in Arak, Central Iran. Iranian journal of public health 42, 391-396.
1
Barnes, T.S., Deplazes, P., Gottstein, B., Jenkins, D.J., Mathis, A., Siles-Lucas, M., Torgerson, P.R., Ziadinov, I., Heath, D.D., 2012. Challenges for diagnosis and control of cystic hydatid disease. Acta tropica 123, 1-7.
2
Carmena, D., Benito, A., Eraso, E., 2006. Antigens for the immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection: An update. Acta tropica 98, 74-86.
3
Eckert, J., Gemmell, M., Meslin, F., Powloeski, Z., 2002. WHO/OIE Manual of Echinococcosis in Human and Animal. World Organization for Animal Health, 20-40.
4
Gillespie, S.H., Hawkey, P.M., 1995. Medical Parasitology: A Practical Approach, IRL Press at Oxford University Press.
5
Gonzalez-Sapienza, G., Cachau, R.E., 2003. Identification of critical residues of an immunodominant region of Echinococcus granulosus antigen B. The Journal of biological chemistry 278, 20179-20184.
6
Hajipirloo, H.M., Bozorgomid, A., Alinia, T., Tappeh Kh, H., Mahmodlou, R., 2013. Human cystic echinococcosis in west azerbaijan, northwest iran: a retrospective hospital based survey from 2000 to 2009. Iranian journal of parasitology 8, 323-326.
7
Mableson, H.E., Okello, A., Picozzi, K., Welburn, S.C., 2014. Neglected zoonotic diseases-the long and winding road to advocacy. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 8, e2800.
8
Mamuti, W., Sako, Y., Nakao, M., Xiao, N., Nakaya, K., Ishikawa, Y., Yamasaki, H., Lightowlers, M.W., Ito, A., 2006. Recent advances in characterization of Echinococcus antigen B. Parasitology international 55 Suppl, S57-62.
9
Mohammadzadeh, T., Sako, Y., Sadjjadi, S.M., Sarkari, B., Ito, A., 2012. Comparison of the usefulness of hydatid cyst fluid, native antigen B and recombinant antigen B8/1 for serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 106, 371-375.
10
Moro, P., Schantz, P.M., 2009. Echinococcosis: a review. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 13, 125-133.
11
Rafiei, A., Jahanshahi, A., Talazadeh, A., 2008. Evaluation of Specific IgG Antibody Detection in Diagnosis and Post Surgical Monitoring of Hydatic Echinococcosis. Iranian Journal Parasitology 3, 10-14.
12
Rahimi, H., Sadjjadi, S., Sarkari, B., 2011. Performance of antigen B isolated from different hosts and cyst locations in diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. Iranian journal of parasitology 6, 12-19.
13
Rigano, R., Profumo, E., Bruschi, F., Carulli, G., Azzara, A., Ioppolo, S., Buttari, B., Ortona, E., Margutti, P., Teggi, A., Siracusano, A., 2001. Modulation of human immune response by Echinococcus granulosus antigen B and its possible role in evading host defenses. Infection and immunity 69, 288-296.
14
Rokni, M., 2009. Echinococcosis /hydatidosis in Iran. Iranian journal of parasitology 4, 1-16.
15
Sadjjadi, SM., Abidi, H., Sarkari, B., Izadpanah, A., Kazemian, S., 2007. Evaluation 0f Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay, Utilizing Native Antigen B for Serodiagnosis of Human Hydatidosis. Iranian Journal of Immunology 4, 167-172.
16
Sarkari, B., Sadjjadi, SM., Abidi, H., Izadpanah, A., Kazemian, S., Rafiei, A., 2007. Application of Western Blotting Using Native Antigen B for Serodiagnosis of Human Cystic Echinococcosis. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2, 7-12.
17
Silva, A., 2011. Hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis: anatomical and surgical nomenclature and method to quantify the cyst content solidification. Chinese Medical Journal 124, 2806-2812.
18
Zhang, W., Li, J., Jones, M.K., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., Blair, D., McManus, D.P., 2010. The Echinococcus granulosus antigen B gene family comprises at least 10 unique genes in five subclasses which are differentially expressed. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 4, e784.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey of the effects of brand value on customer satisfaction in pharmaceutical and biological industries
The purpose of this study was to describe how companies in pharmaceutical and biological sectors can ensure their position in different markets by relying on sustainable, competitive advantages, resulting from the use of a well-defined marketing model with particular emphasis on brand improvement. As competition becomes more intense among companies and phenomena such as global marketing grow in importance, domestic industries in each country become obliged to improve their competitive advantages in order to survive from a marketing perspective. Customer satisfaction is among factors which could lead to the success and profitability of a company. The present research examined the relationship between brand value and customer behavioral intention. Accordingly, 80 questionnaires were distributed among customers, selected through random sampling in Tehran, Iran. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS. Based on descriptive statistics, two aspects of customer behavioral intention included “product introduction” and “repeat purchase”, while two aspects of brand equity were “brand awareness” and “product introduction”. The research findings showed that factors such as “brand awareness” and “brand loyalty” directly affect customer behavioral intention and satisfaction.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106449_3d38ea6aac0d37db8d1817ee75c49895.pdf
2016-06-01
109
116
10.22034/ari.2016.106449
Brand value
customer satisfaction
Brand awareness
Brand loyalty
Product introduction
A.
Alipour
a.alipour@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Adminestrative Deputy, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Feizi
2
Department of Business Administration,Faculty of Adminstration, Azad Islamic University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Heidari
3
Department of Business Administration,Faculty of Adminstration, Azad Islamic University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Aker, D.A., 2005. Strategic marketb management. Strategic marketb management, Wiley, New York.
1
Berman, B.R., Evans, J.R., 2013. Retail Management: A Strategic Approach, Pearson Education.
2
Biehal, G.J., Sheinin, D.A., 2007. The Influence of Corporate Messages on the Product Portfolio. Journal of Marketing 71, 12-25.
3
Boush, D.M., Loken, B., 1991. A Process-Tracing Study of Brand Extension Evaluation. Journal of Marketing Research 28, 16-28.
4
Dowling, G.R., Uncles, M., 1997. Do customer loyalty programs realy work? Aloan Management review 38, 61-92.
5
Fournier, S., 1998. Consumers and Their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research 24, 343-373.
6
Hatch, M.J., Majken, S., 2001. Are the Strategic Stars Aligned for Your Corporate Brand. Harvard Business Review 79 117–130.
7
Hoeffler, S., Keller, L.K., 2003. The marketing advantages of strong brands. Journal of Brand Management 10, 421-445.
8
Hoyer, W.D., Brown, S.P., 1990. Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common, Repeat-Purchase Product. Journal of Consumer Research 17, 141-148.
9
Keller, K.L., 2003. Strategic brand management: building, measuring, and managing brand equity, Prentice Hall.
10
Knowles, J., 2003. Value-based brand measurement and management. Interactive Marketing 5, 40-50.
11
Laforet, S., Saunders, J., 2005. Managing Brand Portfolios: How Strategies Have Changed. Journal of Advertising Research 45, 314-327.
12
Madden, T.J., Fehle, F., Fournier, S., 2006. Brands matter: An empirical demonstration of the creation of shareholder value through branding. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34, 224-235.
13
Mizik, N., Jacobson, R., 2008. The Financial Value Impact of Perceptual Brand Attributes. Journal of Marketing Research 45, 15-32.
14
Rezaiyan, A., 2007. the principles of organization and management, Samt press, Tehran, Iran
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cloning and molecular characterization of Omp31 gene from Brucella melitensis Rev 1 strain
Brucellosis, caused by the genus Brucella bacterium, is a well-known infection among domestic animals. Considering the serious economic and medical consequences of this infection, various preventive efforts have been made through using recombinant vaccines, based on outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens of Brucella species. The objective of the present study was to clone, analyze the sequence, and predict the epitopes of Omp31 gene as a major B. melitensis antigen. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) for this gene was amplified by specific primers and cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector. The gene sequence of B. melitensis Rev 1 strain was submitted to NCBI database. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that Omp31 is almost similar in different Brucella species. Online prediction software programs were also used to predict B- and T-cell epitopes, secondary and tertiary structures, antigenicity, and enzymatic degradation sites. The bioinformatic tools in the current study were confirmed by the results of three different experimental epitope prediction studies. Bioinformatic analysis identified one T-cell and three B-cell epitopes for Omp31 antigen. Finally, based on the antigenicity and proteosome recognition sites, common B- and T-cell epitopes were predicted for Omp31 (amino acids 191-204). Bioinformatic analysis showed that these regions had proper epitope characterization and could be useful for recombinant vaccine development.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106450_e730e1797d60244c3a87d32cd22cf517.pdf
2016-06-01
117
124
10.22034/ari.2016.106450
Brucella melitensis
Omp31
Bioinformatic analysis
S.
Yousefi
hadisekhavati@gmail.com
1
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.H.
Sekhavati
2
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Tahmoorespur
3
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.,
Abbassi-Daloii
4
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Azimi, L., Khoramabadi, N., Mohabati Mobarez, A., Aslz, E., Harzandi, N., R., M., 2012. Survey of Protection of Recombinant Cell Surface Protein 31kDa from Brucella melitensis in BALB/c Mice. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 6, 69-73.
1
Berzofsky, J.A., 1985. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in protein antigenic structure. Science 229 932–940.
2
Buus, S., Lauemøller, S.L., P., W., 2003. Sensitive quantitative predictions of peptide-MHC binding by a 'Query by Committee' artificial neural network approach. Tissue Antigens 62 378-384.
3
Cassataro, J., Estein, S.M., Pasquevich, K.A., Velikovsky, C.A., de la Barrera, S., Bowden, R., Fossati, C.A., Giambartolomei, G.H., 2005. Vaccination with the recombinant Brucella outer membrane protein 31 or a derived 27-amino-acid synthetic peptide elicits a CD4+ T helper 1 response that protects against Brucella melitensis infection. Infection and immunity 73, 8079-8088.
4
Chen, P., Rayner, S., Hu, K.H., 2011. Advances of bioinformatics tools applied in virus epitopes prediction. Virologica Sinica 26, 1-7.
5
Cutler, S.J., Whatmore, A.M., Commander, N.J., 2005. Brucellosis--new aspects of an old disease. Journal of applied microbiology 98, 1270-1281.
6
Delpino, M.V., Estein, S.M., Fossati, C.A., Baldi, P.C., Cassataro, J., 2007. Vaccination with Brucella recombinant DnaK and SurA proteins induces protection against Brucella abortus infection in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 25, 6721-6729.
7
Donnes, P., Elofsson, A., 2002. Prediction of MHC class I binding peptides, using SVMHC. BMC bioinformatics 3, 25.
8
Geourjon, C., Deleage, G., 1995. SOPMA: significant improvements in protein secondary structure prediction by consensus prediction from multiple alignments. Computer applications in the biosciences : CABIOS 11, 681-684.
9
Ghasemi, A., Salari, M.H., Zarnani, A.H., Pourmand, M.R., Ahmadi, H., Mirshafiey, A., Jeddi-Tehrani, M., 2013. Immune reactivity of Brucella melitensis-vaccinated rabbit serum with recombinant Omp31 and DnaK proteins. Iranian journal of microbiology 5, 19-23.
10
Gupta, V.K., Vohra, J., Kumari, R., Gururaj, K., Vihan, V.S., 2012. Identification of Brucella isolated from goats using Pst I sitepolymorphism at Omp2 gene loci. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 82, 240–243.
11
Hopp, T.P., Woods, K.R., 1981. Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78, 3824-3828.
12
Karthik, K., Rathore, R., Verma, A.K., Tiwari, R., Dhama, K., 2013. Brucellosis – still it stings. Livestock Technology 2, 8-10.
13
Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Zhou, X., Cao, C., Hu, X., Ma, H., Wen, H., Ma, X., Ding, J.B., 2013. Bioinformatic prediction of epitopes in the Emy162 antigen of. Experimental and therapeutic medicine 6, 335-340.
14
Noguchi, H., Kato, R., Hanai, T., Matsubara, Y., Honda, H., Brusic, V., Kobayashi, T., 2002. Hidden Markov model-based prediction of antigenic peptides that interact with MHC class II molecules. Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 94, 264-270.
15
Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Christou, L., Akritidis, N., 2006. Future trends in human brucellosis treatment. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 15, 1141-1149.
16
Ponomarenko, J.V., van Regenmortel, M.H.V., 2009. B-cell epitope prediction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
17
Rajagunalan, S., Kumari, G., Gupta, S.K., Kumar, A., Agarwal, R.K., Rawool, D.B., Singh, D.K., 2013. Molecular characterization of Omp31 gene of Indian field Isolates of Brucella melitensis. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 83 673–677.
18
Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
19
Sekhavati, M.H., Majidzadeh Heravi, R., Tahmoorespur, M., Yousefi, S., Abbassi-Daloii, T., Akbari, R., 2015. Cloning, molecular analysis and epitopics prediction of a new chaperone GroEL Brucella melitensis antigen. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 18, 499-505.
20
Simon, G.G., Hu, Y., Khan, A.M., Zhou, J., Salmon, J., Chikhlikar, P.R., Jung, K.O., Marques, E.T., August, J.T., 2010. Dendritic cell mediated delivery of plasmid DNA encoding LAMP/HIV-1 Gag fusion immunogen enhances T cell epitope responses in HLA DR4 transgenic mice. PloS one 5, e8574.
21
Steere, A.C., Drouin, E.E., Glickstein, L.J., 2011. Relationship between immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A (OspA) and Lyme arthritis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 52 Suppl 3, s259-265.
22
Toes, R.E., Nussbaum, A.K., Degermann, S., Schirle, M., Emmerich, N.P., Kraft, M., Laplace, C., Zwinderman, A., Dick, T.P., Muller, J., Schonfisch, B., Schmid, C., Fehling, H.J., Stevanovic, S., Rammensee, H.G., Schild, H., 2001. Discrete cleavage motifs of constitutive and immunoproteasomes revealed by quantitative analysis of cleavage products. The Journal of experimental medicine 194, 1-12.
23
Vahedi, F., Talebi, A.F., Ghorbani, E., Behroozikhah, A.M., Shahriari Ahmadi, F., Mahmoudi, M., 2011. Isolation, cloning and expression of the Brucella melitensis Omp31 gene. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 12, 156-162.
24
Vizcaino, N., Cloeckaert, A., Zygmunt, M.S., Dubray, G., 1996. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the Brucella melitensis omp31 gene coding for an immunogenic major outer membrane protein. Infection and immunity 64, 3744-3751.
25
Vizcaino, N., Zygmunt, M.S., Verger, J.M., Grayon, M., Cloeckaert, A., 1997. Localization and characterization of a specific linear epitope of the Brucella DnaK protein. FEMS microbiology letters 154, 117-122.
26
Wang, W., Wu, J., Qiao, J., Weng, Y., Zhang, H., Liao, Q., Qiu, J., Chen, C., Allain, J.P., Li, C., 2014. Evaluation of humoral and cellular immune responses to BP26 and OMP31 epitopes in the attenuated Brucella melitensis vaccinated sheep. Vaccine 32, 825-833.
27
Wass, M.N., Sternberg, M.J., 2009. Prediction of ligand binding sites using homologous structures and conservation at CASP8. Proteins 77 Suppl 9, 147-151.
28
Yousefi, S., Tahmoorespur, M., Sekhavati, M.H., 2015. B and T‐cell epitope prediction of the OMP25 antigen for developing Brucella melitensis vaccines for sheep. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 5, 629-638.
29
Zhang, W., Liu, J., Zhao, M., Li, Q., 2012. Predicting linear B-cell epitopes by using sequence-derived structural and physicochemical features. International journal of data mining and bioinformatics 6, 557-569.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Changing Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: The Associated Effects on the Incidence of Ocular Herpes
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) with a worldwide distribution has been reported in all human populations, resulting in a clinical spectrum of infections. Although HSV type 2 (HSV-2) is known as the most common cause of genital herpes, an increasing number of cases with genital herpes are caused by HSV-1. The present study aimed to discuss the changes in the epidemiology of HSV-1 infection including the decline in the general incidence of HSV-1 infection in childhood and the increased rate of genital herpes, caused by HSV-1. Moreover, changes in the epidemiology of ocular herpes, i.e., the reduced rate of primary ocular herpes in children and increased incidence of ocular HSV infection in adults, were discussed.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106451_d292880921994bf92ebe26dd1f28c252.pdf
2016-06-01
125
134
10.22034/ari.2016.106451
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
Ocular herpes
Genital herpes
Epidemiology
B.
Abedi Kiasari
b.abedikiasari@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Human Viral Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Z.
Zare Tooranposhti
2
Department of Clinical and Molecular Virology, KiaTech Virology Laboratory, karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ades, AE., Peckham, CS., Dale, GE., Best JM, J.S., 1989. Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women, and estimated rates of infection. The huma J Epidemiol Community Health., 1, pp.53–60.
1
Adhin, MR., Grunberg, MG., Labadie-Bracho, M., 2012. Incidence of Alpha-Herpes virus induced ocular disease in Suriname. J Med Virol, 12, Pp.1937–42.
2
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