ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polyomavirus-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HAART era
Polyomaviruses may cause human disease, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. JCV, one of the members of polyomaviridae family, is the causative agent of the neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a progressive demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from infection of oligodendrocytes by JC polyomavirus. Whereas after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of nearly all of all neurological complication have decreased, this article evaluates the incidence and prognosis of JC polyomavirus-associated PML including a unchangeable incidence of PML associated with JC polyomavirus compared with other opportunistic disease and paradoxical results of disease remission in HAART era.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105992_3af6c491e99fae93fbe26272dead966d.pdf
2016-03-01
1
13
10.22034/ari.2016.105992
Polyomavirus
JCV
PML
HAART
Epidemiology
B
Abedi Kiasari
b.abedikiasari@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Human Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression in vaccinated guinea pigs with foot-and-mouth disease type O inactivated vaccine
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a severely contagious viral disease that mainly affects cloven-hoofedlivestock and wildlife. This study quantifies the cytokines mRNA expression of vaccinated guinea pigs withFMD type O inactivated vaccine. Blood samples were collected from eight guinea pigs at 7 and 28 days after thefirst vaccination. Extracted mRNAs were reverse-transcribed into cDNA and analyzed for quantification of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 expression using relative real-time PCR assay. Our results showed that all of the genes wereupregulated. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 genes significantly increased (P<0.05) in day 28th incomparison to the day 7th post the first vaccination. It can be concluded that the vaccine induced immuneresponses by increasing expression of the cytokines. Therefore, effects of DNA vaccines on immune system alsomay be evaluated using these genes.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105993_e358b281e06eba22dfbdbb7353b442cc.pdf
2016-03-01
15
19
10.22034/ari.2016.105993
Cytokine
mRNA expression
FMD
Guinea pig
Real-time PCR
R.
Pasandideh
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.R.
Nassiri
nassiryr@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Raouf Delgosha
3
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
A.A.
Aslaminejad
4
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Tahmoorespur
5
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Zibaei
6
Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Doosti
7
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Pasandideh
8
Department of Animal Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
AUTHOR
Alexandersen, S., Zhang, Z., Donaldson, A.I., Garland, A.J., 2003. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. J Comp Pathol 129, 1-36.
1
Barnard, A.L., Arriens, A., Cox, S., Barnett, P., Kristensen, B., Summerfield, A., McCullough, K.C., 2005. Immune response characteristics following emergency vaccination of pigs against foot-and-mouth disease. Vaccine 23, 1037-1047.
2
Eble, P.L., de Bruin, M.G., Bouma, A., van Hemert-Kluitenberg, F., Dekker, A., 2006. Comparison of immune responses after intra-typic heterologous and homologous vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in pigs. Vaccine 24, 1274-1281.
3
Elenkov, I.J., Iezzoni, D.G., Daly, A., Harris, A.G., Chrousos, G.P., 2005. Cytokine dysregulation, inflammation and well-being. Neuroimmunomodulation 12, 255-269.
4
Grubman, M.J., Baxt, B., 2004. Foot-and-mouth disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 17, 465-493.
5
Joseph, L., Fink, L.M., Hauer-Jensen, M., 2002. Cytokines in coagulation and thrombosis: a preclinical and clinical review. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 13, 105-116.
6
Mingala, C.N., Konnai, S., Venturina, F.A., Onuma, M., Ohashi, K., 2009. Quantification of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cytokine expression in response to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine. Res Vet Sci 87, 213-217.
7
Nadeem, I., Khalid, H., Samina, T., 2004. Cytokines. Int J Pathol 2, 47–58.
8
Pestka, S., Krause, C.D., Sarkar, D., Walter, M.R., Shi, Y., Fisher, P.B., 2004. Interleukin-10 and related cytokines and receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 22, 929-979.
9
Saito, S., Nakashima, A., Shima, T., Ito, M., 2010. Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T-cell paradigm in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 63, 601-610.
10
Schmittgen, T.D. and Livak, K.J. (2008). Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nature Protocols 3: 1101–1108.
11
Sedeh, F.M., Khorasani, A., Shafaee, K., Fatolahi, H., Arbabi, K., 2008. Preparation of FMD type A87/IRN inactivated vaccine by gamma irradiation and the immune response on guinea pig. Indian J Microbiol 48, 326-330.
12
Sutmoller, P., Barteling, S.S., Olascoaga, R.C., Sumption, K.J., 2003. Control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease. Virus Res 91, 101-144.
13
Zhang, Z., Ahmed, R., Paton, D., Bashiruddin, J.B., 2009. Cytokine mRNA responses in bovine epithelia during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. Vet J 179, 85-91.
14
Zhang, Z., Bashiruddin, J.B., Doel, C., Horsington, J., Durand, S., Alexandersen, S., 2006. Cytokine and Toll-like receptor mRNAs in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues of cattle during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. J Comp Pathol 134, 56-62.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stability Study of Measles AIK-C Strain, Mumps RS-12 Strain and Rubella Takahashi Strain in MMR Vaccine
Stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle and havea major impact on the success of immunization programs worldwide. The purpose of stability study isdetermination of the vaccine quality under the variety of environmental factors and to establish a re-testperiod or a shelf life and recommended storage conditions. In this study three batches of MMR vaccine ofRazi institute in Iran with AIK-C strain for measles, RS-12 strain for mumps and Takahashi strain forrubella were tested for accelerated stability, after seven days incubation at 37 °C and for long-term stabilitythe samples were stored at 2-8 °C and tested intervals in three months until 36 months after production. Allof quantitative and qualitative control tests including Potency and Identity, Safety, Sterility, Mycoplasmaand Physicochemical tests were done in each period. In accelerated stability the mean loss of activity was0.375, 0.373 and 0.210 log10 and in long-term stability the mean loss of activity was 0.626, 0.50 and 0.46log10 for measles, mumps and rubella components of MMR vaccine respectively. In residual moisture testthe mean increase of moisture content in the vaccines was 1.084 %.In qualitative tests the vaccine met theWHO specifications too. Results of this research indicated the MMR vaccines with these strains are stableat least 36 months if the cold chain considered properly.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105994_19552d05957390d0543d4fc443caac84.pdf
2016-03-01
21
28
10.22034/ari.2016.105994
MMR
Stability study
vaccine
Potency test
quality control
S.
Soleimani
s.soleimani@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Bio bank, Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Allison, L.M., Mann, G.F., Perkins, F.T., Zuckerman, A.J., 1981. An accelerated stability test procedure for
1
lyophilized measles vaccines. J Biol Stand 9, 185-194.
2
Bishai, D.M., Bhatt, S., Miller, L.T., Hayden, G.F., 1992. Vaccine storage practices in pediatric offices. Pediatrics
3
89, 193-196.
4
Colinet, G., Rossignol, J., Peetermans, J., 1982. A study of the stability of a bivalent measles--mumps vaccine. J Biol
5
Stand 10, 341-346.
6
Der Yuan, W., Ruoh Ing, Y., Yi Chen, Y., Sheng Yen, Y., Tso Ling, C., Hwei Fang, C., Juen Tian, H., Chia Po, L.,
7
2000. The relationship between the cold chain system and vaccine potency in taiwan: (II) Oral polio vaccine. J Food
8
Drug Anal 8, 17-23.
9
Egan, W., Schofield, T., 2009. Basic principles of stability. Biological 37, 379- 386.
10
Freshney, R.I., 2005. Culture of Animal cells, A john wiley & song, Inc, Hoboken, New jersey.
11
Galazka, A., Milstien, J., Zaffran, M., 1998. Thermo stability of vaccines. WHO/GPV 98.07.
12
Knezevic, I., 2009. Stability evaluation of vaccines: WHO approach. Biologicals 37, 357-359; discussion 421-353.
13
Krause, P.R., 2009. Goals of stability evaluation throughout the vaccine life cycle. Biologicals 37, 369-378;
14
discussion 421-363.
15
Mann, G.F., Allison, L.M., Lloyd, J.S., Tam, P., Zuckerman, A.J., Perkins, F.T., 1983. Stability of furtherattenuated
16
measles vaccines. Rev Infect Dis 5, 482-486.
17
McAleer, W.J., Markus, H.Z., McLean, A.A., Buynak, E.B., Hilleman, M.R., 1980. Stability on storage at various temperatures of live measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccines in new stabilizer. J Bio Stand 8, 281-287.
18
Pfleiderer, M., 2009. Stability of vaccines - bridging from stability data to continuous safety and efficacy throughout shelf life an always reliable approach. Biologicals 37, 364-368.
19
Pharmacopoeia, B., 2012. The Stationery Office on behalf of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory
20
Agency (MHRA), London.
21
Philip, R.K., 2009. Goal of stability evaluation throughout the vaccine life cycle. Biological 37, 369- 378.
22
Plotkin, S.A., Orenstein, W.A., Offit, P.A., 2008. Vaccine, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
23
Schofield, T.L., 2009a. Maintenance of vaccine stability through annual stability and comparability studies. Biologicals 37, 397-402.
24
Schofield, T.L., 2009b. Vaccine stability study design and analysis to support product licensure. Biological 37 387-
25
Shayestehpour, M., Shahkarami, M.K., Shafyi, A., Taqavian, M., Kamali Jamil, R., EsnaAshari, F., Mohammadi, A., Shahbazi, R., 2012. A study of the thermal stability of measles vaccine produced by AIK-C strain. Arak Med University J 15, 26-32.
26
Socarras, S., Magari, R.T., 2009. Modeling the effects of storage temperature excursions on shelf life. J Pharm
27
Biomed Anal 49, 221-226.
28
WHO, 1994. Recommendation for the production and control of measles, mumps, rubella and MMR vaccine.
29
WHO technical report series. expert committee on biological standardization.
30
WHO, 1995. Manual of laboratory methods for testing the potency of final vaccines used in the WHO expanded
31
program on immunization. 95.91, 91-106.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of a Nano-ELISA system for the rapid and sensitive detection of H9N2 avian influenza
Influenza is one of the most important viral diseases that is common among the birds and the mammalsand is caused by specific viruses that belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family. Migratory aquatic birds arethe reservoir of the disease and there is a likelihood of the disease in any region. There are differentmethods for detecting the avian influenza, but by the point of detection rates, the ELISA may be one ofthe most important current methods. In this work we synthesized Gold nanoparticles and conjugated itwith rabbit-anti-chicken IgG-HRP. An ELISA test was done to compare the bioactivity of Au-antichickenHRP with anti-chicken HRP in order to detect the antibody against the H9N2 subtype of avianinfluenza virus. Using 133 field chicken sera, the sensitivity of nano-ELISA as compared to traditionalELISA was calculated to be 100%, whereas the specificity was 92%. This method was significantly moresensitive than the traditional ELISA and didn’t require extra costs. It can therefore be concluded that theAuNP-HRP conjugate can be applicable in immune analysis procedure where a more confident result isrequired.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105995_bd223283b727d42d701836e38a0566b6.pdf
2016-03-01
29
34
10.22034/ari.2016.105995
Avian Influenza
ELISA
Gold nanoparticle
S.
Imani Gheshlaghchaei
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Madani
madanirasool@gmail.com
2
Proteomics and Biochemistry Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
F.
Golchinfar
f.golchinfar@rvsri.ir
3
Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
T.
Emami
4
Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Gholami
5
Department of cellular and molecular Biology, Faculty of biological sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alexander, D.J., 2007. An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. Vaccine 25, 5637-5644.
1
Ambrosi, A., Airo, F., Merkoci, A., 2010. Enhanced gold nanoparticle based ELISA for a breast cancer biomarker. Anal Chem 82, 1151-1156.
2
Brown, J.D., Stallknecht, D.E., Berghaus, R.D., Luttrell, M.P., Velek, K., Kistler, W., Costa, T., Yabsley, M.J., Swayne, D., 2009. Evaluation of a commercial blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect avian influenza virus antibodies in multiple experimentally infected avian species. Clin Vaccine Immunol 16, 824-829.
3
Engvall, E., Perlmann, P., 1971. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry 8, 871-874.
4
Fouchier, R.A., Munster, V., Wallensten, A., Bestebroer, T.M., Herfst, S., Smith, D., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Olsen, B., Osterhaus, A.D., 2005. Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J Virol 79, 2814-2822.
5
Ge, F.-F., Zhou, J.-P., Liu, J., Wang, J., Zhang, W.-Y., Sheng, L.-P., Xu, F., Ju, H.-B., Sun, Q.-Y., Liu, P.-H., 2009. Genetic Evolution of H9 Subtype Influenza Viruses from Live Poultry Markets in Shanghai, China. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47, 3294-3300.
6
Guan, Y., Shortridge, K.F., Krauss, S., Webster, R.G., 1999. Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the "internal" genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 9363-9367.
7
Hoang, H., Phan, T.H., Conrad, U., Chu, H.H., 2012. Production of antibody labeled gold nanoparticles for influenza virus H5N1 diagnosis kit development. Nanosci Nanotechnol 3, 45017.
8
Homayounimehr, A.R., Dadras, H., Shoushtari, A., Pourbakhsh, S.A., 2010. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran. Trop Anim Health Prod 42, 1291-1297.
9
Jia, C.P., Zhong, X.Q., Hua, B., Liu, M.Y., Jing, F.X., Lou, X.H., Yao, S.H., Xiang, J.Q., Jin, Q.H., Zhao, J.L., 2009a. Nano-ELISA for highly sensitive protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 24, 2836-2841.
10
Jia, N., de Vlas, S.J., Liu, Y.X., Zhang, J.S., Zhan, L., Dang, R.L., Ma, Y.H., Wang, X.J., Liu, T., Yang, G.P., Wen, Q.L., Richardus, J.H., Lu, S., Cao, W.C., 2009b. Serological reports of human infections of H7 and H9 avian influenza viruses in northern China. J Clin Virol 44, 225-229.
11
Kumar, S., Aaron, J., Sokolov, K., 2008. Directional conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles for synthesis of multiplexed optical contrast agents with both delivery and targeting moieties. Nat Protoc 3, 314-320.
12
Liu, M., Jia, C., Huang, Y., Lou, X., Yao, S., Jin, Q., Zhao, J., Xiang, J., 2010. Highly sensitive protein detection using enzyme-labeled gold nanoparticle probes. Analyst 135, 327-331.
13
Loeffelholz, M.J., 2010. Avian influenza A H5N1 virus. Clinics Lab Med 30, 1-20.
14
Peiris, M., Yuen, K.Y., Leung, C.W., Chan, K.H., Ip, P.L., Lai, R.W., Orr, W.K., Shortridge, K.F., 1999. Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet 354, 916-917.
15
Peng, C.-F., Duan, X.-H., Pan, Q.-L., Liu, L.-Q., Xue, F., 2013. Ultrasensitive Nano-ELISA for Detecting Sulfadimethoxine in Chicken Tissue. Journal of Chemistry 2013, 5.
16
Shafer, A.L., Katz, J.B., Eernisse, K.A., 1998. Development and validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of type A influenza antibodies in avian sera. Avian Dis 42, 28-34.
17
Starick, E., Werner, O., Schirrmeier, H., Kollner, B., Riebe, R., Mundt, E., 2006. Establishment of a competitive ELISA (cELISA) system for the detection of influenza A virus nucleoprotein antibodies and its application to field sera from different species. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 53, 370-375.
18
Tansil, N.C., Gao, Z., 2006. Nanoparticles in biomolecular detection. Nano Today 1, 28-37.
19
Uyeki, T.M., Chong, Y.H., Katz, J.M., Lim, W., Ho, Y.Y., Wang, S.S., Tsang, T.H., Au, W.W., Chan, S.C., Rowe, T., Hu-Primmer, J., Bell, J.C., Thompson, W.W., Bridges, C.B., Cox, N.J., Mak, K.H., Fukuda, K., 2002. Lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses in Hong Kong, China 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 8, 154-159.
20
Webster, R.G., Hulse, D.J., 2004. Microbial adaptation and change: avian influenza. Rev Sci Tech 23, 453-465.
21
Wu, R., Hu, S., Xiao, Y., Li, Z., Shi, D., Bi, D., 2007. Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with nucleoprotein as antigen for detection and quantification of antibodies against avian influenza virus. Vet Res Commun 31, 631-641.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In silico analysis of Omp25 and BLS Brucella melitensis antigens for designing subunit vaccine
Brucellosis is a well-known infection in domestic animals which caused by Brucella bacterium. Due toserious economic and medical consequences of this disease, various efforts have been made to prevent theinfection through the use of recombinant vaccines based on Brucella outer membrane protein (OMP)antigens. The objectives of the present study were cloning, sequencing and epitope prediction of Omp25and BLS genes as two major Brucella melitensis antigens. The full-length open reading frame (ORF) ofOmp25 and BLS genes were amplified and cloned into pTZ57R/T vector. Phylogenetic analysis ofsequenced genes showed that both genes were nearly similar in different Brucella species. Several onlineprediction softwares were used to predict B and T-cells epitopes, secondary and tertiary structures,antigenicity ability and enzymatic degradation sites. Bioinformatic tools used in the current study wereconfirmed by the results of three different experimental epitope predictions. Bioinformatic analysisidentified five and two B-cell and two and one T-cell epitopes for Omp25 and BLS antigens, respectively.Finally, according to the antigenicity ability and proteosomal recognition site common B and T-cell epitopewas predicted for Omp25 (154-162 amino acids) and BLS (37-48 and 119-139 amino acids). Results of thisstudy might be useful for recombinant vaccine development.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105996_98b6aa25c365c284280942f3bbc7d124.pdf
2016-03-01
35
42
10.22034/ari.2016.105996
Brucella melitensis
Omp25
BLS
Bioinformatics analysis
Recombinant vaccine
M.
Tahmoorespur
1
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.H.
Sekhavati
2
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Yousefi
3
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
T.
Abbassi-Daloii
4
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Azghandi
5
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Akbari
6
Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Berzofsky, J.A., 1985. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in protein antigenic structure. Science 229, 932-940.
1
Buus, S., Lauemoller, S.L., Worning, P., Kesmir, C., Frimurer, T., Corbet, S., Fomsgaard, A., Hilden, J., Holm, A., Brunak, S., 2003. Sensitive quantitative predictions of peptide-MHC binding by a 'Query by Committee' artificial neural network approach. Tissue Antigens 62, 378-384.
2
Cassataro, J., Estein, S.M., Pasquevich, K.A., Velikovsky, C.A., de la Barrera, S., Bowden, R., Fossati, C.A., Giambartolomei, G.H., 2005. Vaccination with the recombinant Brucella outer membrane protein 31 or a derived 27-amino-acid synthetic peptide elicits a CD4+ T helper 1 response that protects against Brucella melitensis infection. Infect Immun 73, 8079-8088.
3
Chen, P., Rayner, S., Hu, K.H., 2011. Advances of bioinformatics tools applied in virus epitopes prediction. Virol Sin 26, 1-7.
4
Cloeckaert, A., Verger, J.M., Grayon, M., Zygmunt, M.S., Grepinet, O., 1996. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the gene encoding the major 25-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Brucella ovis: Evidence for antigenic shift, compared with other Brucella species, due to a deletion in the gene. Infect Immun 64, 2047-2055.
5
Cutler, S.J., Whatmore, A.M., Commander, N.J., 2005. Brucellosis--new aspects of an old disease. J Appl Microbiol 98, 1270-1281.
6
Delpino, M.V., Estein, S.M., Fossati, C.A., Baldi, P.C., Cassataro, J., 2007. Vaccination with Brucella recombinant DnaK and SurA proteins induces protection against Brucella abortus infection in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 25, 6721-6729.
7
Donnes, P., Elofsson, A., 2002. Prediction of MHC class I binding peptides, using SVMHC. BMC Bioinformatics 3, 25.
8
Edmonds, M.D., Cloeckaert, A., Elzer, P.H., 2002. Brucella species lacking the major outer membrane protein Omp25 are attenuated in mice and protect against Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis. Vet Microbiol 88, 205-221.
9
Geourjon, C., Deleage, G., 1995. SOPMA: significant improvements in protein secondary structure prediction by consensus prediction from multiple alignments. Comput Appl Biosci 11, 681-684.
10
Gu, J., Bourne, P.E., 2009. Structural Bioinformatics, Wiley.
11
Gupta, V.K., Vohra, J., Kumari, R., Gururaj, K., Vihan, V.S., 2012. Identification of Brucella isolated from goats using PstI sitepolymorphism at Omp2 gene loci. Indian J Anim Sci 82, 240–243.
12
Hopp, T.P., Woods, K.R., 1981. Prediction of protein antigenic determinants from amino acid sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78, 3824-3828.
13
Karthik, K., Rathore, R., Verma, A.K., Tiwari, R., Dhama, K., 2013. Brucellosis – still it stings? Livestock Technol 2, 8-10.
14
Li, Y., Liu, X., Zhu, Y., Zhou, X., Cao, C., Hu, X., Ma, H., Wen, H., Ma, X., Ding, J.B., 2013. Bioinformatic prediction of epitopes in the Emy162 antigen of. Exp Ther Med 6, 335-340.
15
Noguchi, H., Kato, R., Hanai, T., Matsubara, Y., Honda, H., Brusic, V., Kobayashi, T., 2002. Hidden Markov model-based prediction of antigenic peptides that interact with MHC class II molecules. J Biosci Bioeng 94, 264-270.
16
Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Christou, L., Akritidis, N., 2006. Future trends in human brucellosis treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 15, 1141-1149.
17
Rajagunalan, S., Kumari, G., Gupta, S.K., Kumar, A., Agarwal, R.K., Rawool, D.B., Singh, D.K., 2013. Molecular characterization of Omp31 gene of Indian field Isolates of Brucella melitensis. Indian J Anim Sci 83 673–677.
18
Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
19
Simon, G.G., Hu, Y., Khan, A.M., Zhou, J., Salmon, J., Chikhlikar, P.R., Jung, K.O., Marques, E.T., August, J.T., 2010. Dendritic cell mediated delivery of plasmid DNA encoding LAMP/HIV-1 Gag fusion immunogen enhances T cell epitope responses in HLA DR4 transgenic mice. PLoS One 5, e8574.
20
Steere, A.C., Drouin, E.E., Glickstein, L.J., 2011. Relationship between immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A (OspA) and Lyme arthritis. Clin Infect Dis 52 Suppl 3, s259-265.
21
Toes, R.E., Nussbaum, A.K., Degermann, S., Schirle, M., Emmerich, N.P., Kraft, M., Laplace, C., Zwinderman, A., Dick, T.P., Muller, J., Schonfisch, B., Schmid, C., Fehling, H.J., Stevanovic, S., Rammensee, H.G., Schild, H., 2001. Discrete cleavage motifs of constitutive and immunoproteasomes revealed by quantitative analysis of cleavage products. J Exp Med 194, 1-12.
22
Wass, M.N., Sternberg, M.J., 2009. Prediction of ligand binding sites using homologous structures and conservation at CASP8. Proteins 77 Suppl 9, 147-151.
23
Zhang, W., Liu, J., Zhao, M., Li, Q., 2012 . Predicting linear B-cell epitopes by using sequence-derived structural and physicochemical features. Int J Data Min Bioinform 6, 557-569.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from poultry in Iran
Salmonella enterica is recognized as one of the major food-borne pathogens with more than 2,500 serotypesworldwide. The present study addresses antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidisisolates in Iran. A collection of 151 Salmonella spp. isolates collected from poultry were serotyped toidentify Salmonella Enteritidis. Sixty-one Salmonella Enteritidis were subsequently tested against 30antimicrobials. A high frequency of antimicrobial resistance was observed against nitrofurantoin (n=55,90.2%) followed by nalidixic acid (n=41, 67.2%), and cephalexin (n=23, 37.7%). Multi-drug resistancewere observed in 35 (57.4%) out of 61 isolates. Twenty-six antimicrobial resistance patterns were observedamong the 61 Salmonella Enteritidis. All isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin, imipenem, enrofloxacin,chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins. In conclusion, our results revealedthat implementing new policies toward overuse of antimicrobial drugs in Iranian poultry industry are ofgreat importance.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105997_6229b509df1d2f71b453b01142431f8f.pdf
2016-03-01
43
49
10.22034/ari.2016.105997
antimicrobial resistance
resistance profile
Multi-drug resistance
Salmonella enterica
R.
Ghaderi
r.ghaderi@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology, Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Moradi Bidhendi
2
Department of Microbiology, Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
P.
Khaki
3
Department of Microbiology, Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollahi, A., Najafipour, S., Kouhpayeh, S.A., Meshkibaf, M., 2011. Salmonlla Enterica:Serotyping, Drug Resistance & Extended Spectrum of B-Lactamase (ESBLs). J. Fasa Univ. Med.Sci. 1, 38-44.
1
Angulo, F.J., Nargund, V.N., Chiller, T.C., 2004. Evidence of an association between use of anti-microbial agents in food animals and anti-microbial resistance among bacteria isolated from humans and the human health consequences of such resistance. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 51, 374-379.
2
Anonymous, 2012a. Antimicrobial Resistance. In: Organization, W.H. (Ed.), (World Health Organization). World Health Organization, World Health Organization.
3
Anonymous, 2012b. Clinical&Laboratory-Standard-Institute, Twenty-Second Informational Supplement performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Wayne, PA, USA, p. 188.
4
Ashtiani, M.T., Monajemzadeh, M., Kashi, L., 2009. Trends in antimicrobial resistance of fecal Shigella and Salmonella isolates in Tehran, Iran. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 52, 52-55.
5
Bennish, M.L., Salam, M.A., 1992. Rethinking options for the treatment of shigellosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 30, 243-247.
6
Braden, C.R., 2006. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and eggs: a national epidemic in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 43, 512-517.
7
Broughton, E.I., Heffernan, H.M., Coles, C.L., 2010. Salmonella enterica serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility in New Zealand, 2002-2007. Epidemiol Infect 138, 322-329.
8
Crump, J.A., Barrett, T.J., Nelson, J.T., Angulo, F.J., 2003. Reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and for non-Typhi salmonellae. Clin Infect Dis 37, 75-81.
9
Davies, P., Turkson, P., Funk, J., Nichols, M., Ladely, S., Fedorka-Cray, P., 2001. Comparison of methods for isolating Salmonella bacteria from faeces of naturally infected pigs. Journal of applied microbiology 89, 169-177.
10
Eshraghi, S., Dalall, M.M.S., Fardsanei, F., Salehi, T.Z., Ranjbar, R., Nikmanesh, B., Aminharati, F., Abdosamadi, Z., Akbari, A., 2010. Salmonella Enteritidis and antibiotic resistance patterns: a study on 1950 children with diarrhea. Tehran University Med J 67, 876-881.
11
Firoozeh, F., Shahcheraghi, F., Zahraei Salehi, T., Karimi, V., Aslani, M., 2011. Antimicrobial resistance profile and presence of class I integrongs among Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from human clinical specimens in Tehran, Iran. Iran J Microbiol 3, 112-117.
12
Giraud, E., Baucheron, S., Cloeckaert, A., 2006. Resistance to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella: emerging mechanisms and resistance prevention strategies. Microbes Infect 8, 1937-1944.
13
Grimont, P.A., Weill, F.X., 2007. Antignenic formulas of the Salmonella serovars WHO Collaboration Center for Resistance and Research on Salmonella, Institute Pasteur, paris
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Hald, T., Lo Fo Wong, D.M., Aarestrup, F.M., 2007. The attribution of human infections with antimicrobial resistant Salmonella bacteria in Denmark to sources of animal origin. Foodborne Pathog Dis 4, 313-326.
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Hendriksen, R.S., 2003a. Global Salm-Surv A global Salmonella surveillance and laboratory support project of the World Health Organization- Identification of Salmonella. WHO.
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Hendriksen, R.S., 2003b. Global Salmonella Surveillance, Laboratory protocols: identification of Salmonella. World Health Organization, pp. 1-21.
17
Hohmann, E.L., 2001. Nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Clin Infect Dis 32, 263-269.
18
Kiessling, C.R., Jackson, M., Watts, K.A., Loftis, M.H., Kiessling, W.M., Buen, M.B., Laster, E.W., Sofos, J.N., 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from various products, from 1999 to 2003. J Food Prot 70, 1334-1338.
19
Majowicz, S.E., Musto, J., Scallan, E., Angulo, F.J., Kirk, M., O'Brien, S.J., Jones, T.F., Fazil, A., Hoekstra, R.M., International Collaboration on Enteric Disease 'Burden of Illness, S., 2010. The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin Infect Dis 50, 882-889.
20
Malorny, B., Schroeter, A., Helmuth, R., 1999. Incidence of quinolone resistance over the period 1986 to 1998 in veterinary Salmonella isolates from Germany. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43, 2278-2282.
21
Martin, L.J., Fyfe, M., Dore, K., Buxton, J.A., Pollari, F., Henry, B., Middleton, D., Ahmed, R., Jamieson, F., Ciebin, B., McEwen, S.A., Wilson, J.B., 2004. Increased burden of illness associated with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections. J Infect Dis 189, 377-384.
22
Molbak, K., 2004. Spread of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from animals to humans--the public health consequences. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 51, 364-369.
23
Morshed, R., Peighambari, S.M. 2010. Drug resistance, plasmid profile and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Iranian isolates of Salmonella enteritidis. New Microbiol 33, 47-56.
24
Ohmani, F., Khedid, K., Britel, S., Qasmaoui, A., Charof, R., Filali-Maltouf, A., El Aouad, R., 2010. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Morocco. J Infect Dev Ctries 4, 804-809.
25
Okeke, I.N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z.A., Duse, A.G., Jenkins, P., O'Brien, T.F., Pablos-Mendez, A., Klugman, K.P., 2005. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect Dis 5, 481-493.
26
Rad, M., Kalidari, G., SH., K., 2008. Identification of salmonella spp. In a native poultry breeding and improvement center. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 81, 87-93.
27
Ranjbar, R., Naghoni, A., Panahi, Y., Izadi, M., 2008. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases against 10 less ordinary prescribed antibiotics in salmonella infection treatment. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine 46, 41-45.
28
Shapouri, R., Rahnema, M., Eghbalzadeh, S., 2009. Prevalence of Salmonella seroptypes in poultry meat and egg and determine their antibiotic sensitivity in Zanjan city The Quarterterly Journal of Biological Sciences 2, 63-71.
29
Uzzau, S., Brown, D.J., Wallis, T., Rubino, S., Leori, G., Bernard, S., Casadesus, J., Platt, D.J., Olsen, J.E., 2000. Host adapted serotypes of Salmonella enterica. Epidemiol Infect 125, 229-255.
30
Varma, J.K., Molbak, K., Barrett, T.J., Beebe, J.L., Jones, T.F., Rabatsky-Ehr, T., Smith, K.E., Vugia, D.J., Chang, H.G., Angulo, F.J., 2005. Antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is associated with excess bloodstream infections and hospitalizations. J Infect Dis 191, 554-561.
31
Zahraei Salehi, T., Mahzounieh, M., Saeedzadeh, A., 2005. The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from intestine and liver of poultry in Shiraz province of Iran. pp. 320-322.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of silver residues accumulation in tissues of Broilers treated with nanosilver using MNSR (A Clinical Trial)
Nanoparticles of silver were treaeted as clinical trials in some broiler farms for its disinfecting characters in 4 broiler farms during growing period. The nanosilver were used orally and inhalatory in amount of 2 -4 ppm and 40 ppm respectively. Some samples of Breast muscle, Femora muscle, Heart, Gizzard, Liver, Skin, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and Cloacal feces were collected randomly in slaughterhouse. The silver nanoparticles residues accumulation in samples were examined by miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) with a high specificity and sensitivity in ppb levels. Regarding to the results the silver residues were detectable in all the samples (>131ppb), The average of residues in ppb level in examined samples were as 131(a) for Spleens, 132(a) for Gizzards, 144(a) for Hearts, 147(a) for Kidneys, 160(a) for Lungs, 168(a) (a)for Breast muscles, 172(a) for Femora muscles, 185(a) for Livers, 194(a) for Skins and 557(b) for cloacal Feces. Comparison of averages among treatments by ANOVA (Duncan) (p<0.05), showed that cloacal feces (557 ppb) has significant different with other treatments (different subscripted letter-b). Regarding to the results, nanosilver usages were limited just for surfaces of the farms by Iranian Veterinary Organization for public health opinions.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105998_7272b5e816c71ccbda60379408e1be7e.pdf
2016-03-01
51
55
10.22034/ari.2016.105998
Nanosilver
Broiler
Evaluation
Silver
Residues
MNSR
A.R.
Nabinejad
nabinejad@abrii.ac.ir
1
Agricultural Research Organization, Amir Hamzeh City, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
V.
Noaman
2
Agricultural Research Organization, Amir Hamzeh City, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Khayyam Nekouiee
3
Faculty of Biological sciences, Biotechnology Research and Develpment Center, Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
Bidgoli, S.A., Mahdavi, M., Rezayat, S.M., Korani, M., Amani, A., Ziarati, P., 2013. Toxicity assessment of nanosilver wound dressing in Wistar rat. Acta medica Iranica 51, 203-208.
1
Brunekreef, B., Holgate, S.T., 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360, 1233-1242.
2
Dastmalchi, F., Rahmanya, J., 2009. The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on the bacterial fish pathogens, and Streptococcus iniae Lactococcus garvieae Yersinia ruckeri Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Vet Res 3, 137-142.
3
Donaldson, K., Tran, L., Jimenez, L.A., Duffin, R., Newby, D.E., Mills, N., MacNee, W., Stone, V., 2005. Combustion-derived nanoparticles: a review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2, 10.
4
Hunt, G., Mehta, M.D., 2006. Nanotechnology: Risk, Ethics and Law, Earthscan.
5
Kim, J.S., Kuk, E., Yu, K.N., Kim, J.H., Park, S.J., Lee, H.J., et al., 2007. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine : Nnanotech, Biol, Med 3, 95-101.
6
Lam, C.W., James, J.T., McCluskey, R., Hunter, R.L., 2004. Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation. Toxicological sciences: J Toxicol 77, 126-134.
7
Lansdown, A.B., 2006. Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Curr Probl Dermatol 33, 17-34.
8
Maillard, J.Y., Hartemann, P., 2013. Silver as an antimicrobial: facts and gaps in knowledge. Crit Rev Microbiol 39, 373-383.
9
Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Tran, C.L., 2007. Nanotoxicology: Characterization, Dosing and Health Effects, CRC Press.
10
Oberdorster, E., 2004. Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ Health Pers 112, 1058-1062.
11
Ping, G., Huimin, L., Xiaoxiao, H., Kemin, W., Jianbing, H., Weihong, T., Shouchun, Z., Xiaohai, Y., 2007. Preparation and antibacterial activity of Fe3O4, Ag nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 18, 285604.
12
Rahman, Q., Lohani, M., Dopp, E., Pemsel, H., Jonas, L., Weiss, D.G., Schiffmann, D., 2002. Evidence that ultrafine titanium dioxide induces micronuclei and apoptosis in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. Environ Health Pers 110, 797-800.
13
Rai, M., Yadav, A., Gade, A., 2009. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 27, 76-83.
14
Sarsar, V.K., K., S., M., K.S., 2014. Nanosilver: Potent antimicrobial agent and its biosynthesis. Afr J Biotech 13, 546-554.
15
Uchino, T., Tokunaga, H., Ando, M., Utsumi, H., 2002. Quantitative determination of OH radical generation and its cytotoxicity induced by TiO(2)-UVA treatment. Toxicol in vitro 16, 629-635.
16
Bidgoli, S.A., Mahdavi, M., Rezayat, S.M., Korani, M., Amani, A., Ziarati, P., 2013. Toxicity assessment of nanosilver wound dressing in Wistar rat. Acta Med Iran 51, 203-208.
17
Brunekreef, B., Holgate, S.T., 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360, 1233-1242.
18
Dastmalchi, F., Rahmanya, J., 2009. The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on the bacterial fish pathogens, and Streptococcus iniae Lactococcus garvieae Yersinia ruckeri Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Vet Res 3, 137-142.
19
Donaldson, K., Tran, L., Jimenez, L.A., Duffin, R., Newby, D.E., Mills, N., MacNee, W., Stone, V., 2005. Combustion-derived nanoparticles: a review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2, 10.
20
Hunt, G., Mehta, M.D., 2006. Nanotechnology: Risk, Ethics and Law, Earthscan.
21
Kim, J.S., Kuk, E., Yu, K.N., Kim, J.H., Park, S.J., Lee, H.J., Kim, S.H., Park, Y.K., Park, Y.H., Hwang, C.Y., Kim, Y.K., Lee, Y.S., Jeong, D.H., Cho, M.H., 2007. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 3, 95-101.
22
Lam, C.W., James, J.T., McCluskey, R., Hunter, R.L., 2004. Pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes in mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation. Toxicol Sci 77, 126-134.
23
Lansdown, A.B., 2006. Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Curr Probl Dermatol 33, 17-34.
24
Maillard, J.Y., Hartemann, P., 2013. Silver as an antimicrobial: facts and gaps in knowledge. Crit Rev Microbiol 39, 373-383.
25
Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Tran, C.L., 2007. Nanotoxicology: Characterization, Dosing and Health Effects, CRC Press.
26
Oberdorster, E., 2004. Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ Health Perspect 112, 1058-1062.
27
Ping, G., Huimin, L., Xiaoxiao, H., Kemin, W., Jianbing, H., Weihong, T., Shouchun, Z., Xiaohai, Y., 2007. Preparation and antibacterial activity of Fe 3 O 4 @Ag nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 18, 285604.
28
Rahman, Q., Lohani, M., Dopp, E., Pemsel, H., Jonas, L., Weiss, D.G., Schiffmann, D., 2002. Evidence that ultrafine titanium dioxide induces micronuclei and apoptosis in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts. Environ Health Perspect 110, 797-800.
29
Rai, M., Yadav, A., Gade, A., 2009. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 27, 76-83.
30
Sarsar , V.K., K., S., M., K.S., 2014. Nanosilver: Potent antimicrobial agent and its biosynthesis. Afr J Biotech 13, 546-554.
31
Uchino, T., Tokunaga, H., Ando, M., Utsumi, H., 2002. Quantitative determination of OH radical generation and its cytotoxicity induced by TiO(2)-UVA treatment. Toxicol In Vitro 16, 629-635.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey of gastrointestinal helminth of stray dogs in Zabol city, southeastern of Iran
Canids are reservoir for some zoonoses helminthic disease. They are one of main public health problem. Theaim of this study was to ascertain frequency of gastrointestinal helminthic infection of stray dogs in Zabol city,southeaster of Iran. In this descriptive study, 30 stray dogs were euthanized, intestine was removed by necropsy.Then, the intestines was opened by scalpel and their contents passed through mesh sieve. The helminth werecollected. The nematodes were preserved in 70% ethanol with 5% glycerin and cestodes were preserved in 70%ethanol. The cestodes were stained by acetocarmine. The nematodes were cleared by lactophenol. The genus andspecies of helminth were identified by identification keys. Twenty tow (73.3%) of stray dogs had at least oneintestinal helminthic infection. Recovered helminth from stray dogs include: Taenia hydatigena, Taenia ovis,Taenia multiceps, Mesocestoides spp, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati. Data showed that the stray dogs in Zabolcity harbor some important zoonoses helminth parasite like Toxocara.
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105999_3a4e446f62c542ddfa2178a6ada4e60f.pdf
2016-03-01
57
60
10.22034/ari.2016.105999
Dog
gastrointestinal helminth
Iran
A.
Geraili
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Y.
Maroufi
maroofi.y@gmail.com
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Dabirzadeh
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Noormohammadi
4
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Khoshsima Shahrak
5
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdi, J., Asadolahi, K., Maleki, M.H., Ashrafi Hafez, A., 2013. Prevalence of Helminthes Infection of Stray Dogs in Ilam Province. J Paramed Sci 4, 47-50.
1
Anderson, R.C., 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission, CABI Pub.
2
Beiromvand, M., Akhlaghi, L., Fattahi Massom, S.H., Meamar, A.R., Motevalian, A., Oormazdi, H., Razmjou, E., 2013. Prevalence of zoonotic intestinal parasites in domestic and stray dogs in a rural area of Iran. Preventive veterinary medicine 109, 162-167.
3
Dalimi, A., Mobedi, I., 1992. Helminth parasites of carnivores in northern Iran. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology 86, 395-397.
4
Dalimi, A., Sattari, A., Motamedi, G., 2006. A study on intestinal helminthes of dogs, foxes and jackals in the western part of Iran. Veterinary parasitology 142, 129-133.
5
Eslami, A., Ranjbar-Bahadori, S., Meshgi, B., Dehghan, M., Bokaie, S., 2010. Helminth infections of stray dogs from garmsar, semnan province, central iran. Iranian journal of parasitology 5, 37-41.
6
Gholami, S.h., Mobadi, I., Ziaei, H., Sharif, M., 1992. Study of intestinal worms of dogs and jackals in different parts of Sari region in 1992-1993. J Mazandaran Uni Med Sci 9, 12-50.
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Jacobs, E.R., Soulsby, M.E., Bone, R.C., Wilson, F.J., Jr., Hiller, F.C., 1982. Ibuprofen in canine endotoxin shock. The Journal of clinical investigation 70, 536-541.
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Karimi, A., 2014. Seroepidemiological study of hydatid cyst by ELISA method in Zabol Province. Veterinary. Zabol Uni Med Sci, Zabol, Iran.
9
Khalil, L.F., Bray, R.A., Jones, A., International, C.A.B., 1994. Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates, CAB International.
10
Khanmohammadi, M., Fallah, E., Reyhani-rad, S., 2011. Epidemiological studies on fauna and prevalence of parasite helminthes on red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Sarab district, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Ann Biol Res 2, 246-251.
11
Nabavi, R., Manouchehri Naeini, K., Zebardast, N., Hashemi, H., 2014. Epidemiological study of gastrointestinal helminthes of canids in chaharmahal and bakhtiari province of iran. Iranian journal of parasitology 9, 276-281.
12
Pestechian, N., Rasouli, A., Yoosefi, H., 2012. Distribution of Intestinal Worms among Stray Dogs in Isfahan, Iran. J Isfahan Med School 29, 2827-2833.
13
Rokni, M.B., 2008. The present status of human helminthic diseases in Iran. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology 102, 283-295.
14
Yamaguti, S., 1961. Systema Helminthum: Digenetic trematodes of fishes, The author.
15