The first genetic identification of Theileria ovis subtype KP019206 in sheep in Iran
M.
Khezri
Veterinary Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
author
G.
Habibi
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
author
K.
Esmaeil-Nia
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
author
A.
Afshari
Department of Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Ticks and tick-borne diseases, including theileriosis, constitute a major constraint to livestock production. Two species, known as Theileria lestoquardi and Theileria ovis, are suspected to contribute to ovine theileriosis in Iran. However, the epidemiological aspects of ovine theileriosis are poorly understood in this country. In a survey, designed to identify Theileria species in sheep, 52 (47.27%) out of 110 blood samples were positive, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Among 52 positive samples, 100% (52/52) were positive for T. ovis, while T. lestoquardi was not detected in any of the samples. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of T. ovis isolated from Kurdistan, Iran has been submitted to the GenBank and can be retrieved by the accession number, KP019206. The current study presents the first report of T. ovis in Iran, using molecular identification techniques. Moreover, this study evaluated the present status of Theileria infection in the west of Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
145
152
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106917_aee566c6711937ce2c31f52766a6b119.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106917
Isolation, identification, and monitoring of antibiotic resistance in Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from sheep in East Azerbaijan province, Iran
I.
Khalili
Virus Biobank Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
R.
Ghadimipour
Departent ofm Parasite Vaccine Research and Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
R.
Ghaderi
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
GH.
Shokri
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
A.R.
Jabbari
Department of Aerobic Bacterial Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
N.
Razmaraii
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
M.
Ebrahimi
Technical Director of Veterinary Vaccines, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
The present study was carried out in order to isolate, identify, and assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative agent(s) of pneumonic pasteurellosis in sheep in East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Pneumonia was detected in 320 cases, and the affected lungs were sampled in the slaughterhouse. The samples were investigated bacteriologically for the isolation of two microorganisms from the Pasteurellaceae family. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from six (1.87%) samples, while none of the lung tissues were positive for Mannheimia haemolytica. After the isolation and detection of microorganisms via cultural and morphological tests, the bacteria were identified on the basis of biochemical criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on all P. multocida isolates, using broth microdilution method. Evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eight antimicrobial agents against the tested isolates showed that all the organisms were resistant to amoxicillin and relatively susceptible to ceftiofur. In conclusion, P. multocida was introduced as the main cause of ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis in the studied district, and the outbreak frequency significantly varied in different seasons of the year (P<0.05).
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
153
160
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106920_2ce54a26977cb570dd1466db81a14464.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106920
Preparation and in-vitro characterization of alginate microspheres incorporating leptospiral antigens as a delivery system and adjuvant
F.
Inanlou
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
author
P.
Khaki
Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
N.
Mohammadpour
Department of Venom and Human Sera, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
H.
Zolfagharian
Department of Venom and Human Sera, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases worldwide. Currently, multivalent whole-cell leptospiral vaccines can induce protection against leptospirosis. Therefore, preparation and formulation of new generations of vaccines that can stimulate long-term immunity for leptospirosis control are essential. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system for immunization against leptospirosis. We used five Leptospira interrogans serovars, namely, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Serjo harjo, Pomona, and Canicola, for antigen preparation. Alginate microspheres containing leptospiral antigen (LA) were prepared by an emulsification method and evaluated with respect to morphology, size distribution, loading efficiency (LE), loading capacity (LC), and release profile. The effects of concentration of alginate and emulsifiers and stirring rate on characteristics of microspheres were investigated. The optimal condition parameters for the preparation of LA-loaded alginate microspheres were estimated. The optimum concentrations obtained for alginate and emulsifiers were 3.65% (w/v), Span 80 (0.24% w/v), and Tween 80 (3.85% w/v), respectively. Moreover, the appropriate homogenization rate was 500 rpm. Our results showed mean particle size of 200 μm, 97.41% LE, and 8% LC for the microspheres. Sufficient release profile was observed for in-vitro release test of LA from alginate microspheres over an extended period of time (216 hour). Therefore, alginate microspheres technologically seem to be a promising antigen delivery system for leptospiral vaccine.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
161
168
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106969_c2dcbfd4bf9b630389c4d9894e07a086.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106969
Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria equi in Iranian dromedaries
S.
Bahrami
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.R.
Tabandeh
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
A.
Nikbin
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
A.R.
Alborzi
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
A.R.
Ghadrdan
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Considering the importance of Theileria equi infection in horse breeding industry and marketing, in the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T. equi among dromedaries in central Iran, where a considerable number of camels and horses are raised and equine theileriosis is quite prevalent. For this purpose, a total of 161 blood samples from camels were examined in terms of T. equi infection, using parasitological and molecular methods. For molecular detection of T. equi, primers targeting the 18S rRNA gene were selected. Microscopic examination revealed that 0.6% of camels were positive for the intraerythrocytic stage of Theileria species, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method detected T. equi in 7 (4.3%) out of 161 camels. Sequences of 18S rRNAs from all the isolates showed more than 99% homology to each other and T. equi isolates in the GenBank. With respect to the single-nucleotide substitution in 18S rRNA gene of the studied camels, three different genotypes were identified and submitted to the GenBank. Considering the homology between 18S rRNA sequences of T. equi in the studied samples and those available in the GenBank, the phylogenetic tree formed three distinct, but highly-related clusters. In this study, age, gender, and locality were not determined as risk factors for T. equi infection in camels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that T. equi is present among Iranian camels.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
169
175
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106970_f90ffbec37fe06acd3c30a3280979c43.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106970
Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis among Arabian horses in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran
H.
Jafari
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.H.
Razi Jalali
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.
Seyfi Abad Shapouri
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
M.R.
Haji Hajikolaii
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Giardia duodenalis is globally recognized as an important zoonotic intestinal protozoan parasite. So far, eight assemblages of G. duodenalis (A-H) have been identified. Substantial evidence suggests the zoonotic potential of assemblages A, B, and E in livestock. In this study, the genotype of Giardia duodenalis isolates was genetically identified by determining the sequence of ssu-rRNA gene and performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on glutamate dehydrogenase gene of the parasite in Arabian horses from Ahvaz, located in southwest of Iran. The results revealed that assemblages AI and E (livestock-associated G. duodenalis) were present in horse isolates. Also, based on the findings, prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among horses was estimated at 35.7%. The results indicated that G. duodenalis is highly prevalent among Arabian horses, posing a zoonotic risk for giardiasis in Ahvaz, Iran.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
177
181
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106971_bb6b06f1b8f5d7a11a7e300942bfd4cf.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106971
In vitro study of drug-protein interaction using electronic absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy
F.
Attar
Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
author
S.
Khavari-Nejad
Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
In the near future, design of a new generation of drugs targeting proteins will be required. Considering the complex bond between the drug and protein, the structure and stability of the target protein should be considered. So far, a series of in vitro investigations have been conducted with the aim of predicting drug-biological medium interactions. In these studies, use of spectroscopic methods, such as electronic absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, which are briefly discussed in the present study, has been highlighted. The binding affinity of drug(s) to protein(s) and their binding mechanism(s) can be clearly determined by these methods, which reveal reactions in biological systems at low concentrations under physiological conditions. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy can be used as an accessible tool to measure slight changes in protein structure. Moreover, fluorescence spectroscopy provides tertiary structural information. On the other hand, circular dichroism spectroscopy in far-ultraviolet regions (180–260 nm) yields suitable information about different secondary structures of proteins. Conformational changes of proteins due to alterations such as physicochemical conditions, in vitro chemical modifications, and drug binding could impact ultraviolet-visible absorption, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectra. Therefore, the study of changed spectra could reveal the structure-activity relationship of drug compounds and target proteins. In the present study, a short description of the mentioned methods, along with some related equations which are usually used to analyze and discuss the preliminary data, is presented. Overall, the obtained results could facilitate the development of biological and pharmaceutical potentials of drugs in the future.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
183
194
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106972_28d37f594994fcaf2051d394a5d18e48.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106972
Abnormal life cycle of Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) on single-humped camels in Semnan, North-East of Iran
M.R.
Salimi Bejestani
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
E.
Changizi
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
M.M.
Darvishi
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Hyalomma dromedarii (H. dromedarii) is a very characteristic tick with a cosmopolitan distribution, which is closely associated with camels. It is well adapted to extreme dryness of habitat and to camel hosts. In this study, we studied rural husbandry of one-humped camels (dromedaries) in a village in South-West of Semnan (Biabanak). A total of 163 ticks (94 adults and 67 nymphs) were found on two camels by palpation all over the body. All the found ticks were nymphs and adults of H. dromedarii. Almost all the adult ticks were unattached and moving on the camels’ wool. They were not engorged and their body colour varied from light to dark brown. Nymphal ticks were engorged or engorging and some were molting. It was concluded that these ticks were living as one-host ticks on the camels at this site. This finding probably explains why H. dromedarii follows different types of life cycles to survive unfavorable conditions.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
195
198
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106973_fbc76a735a56c8126683b8d26a57ff9d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106973
Changes in some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells following foot and mouth disease vaccination
N.
Delirezh
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
R.
Norian
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
A.
Azadmehr
Department of Immunology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Interleukin (IL)-17 is exclusively produced by CD4 helper T-cells upon activation. It most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In this study, we studied the in-vitro IL-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the IL-17 response to IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ responses. We used a foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine as specific antigens and mitogens (phytohemagglutinin [PHA], pokeweed mitogen [PWM], and concanavalin A [Con A]) to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated calves. Cell culture supernatant was harvested and analyzed for cytokines, using commercially available bovine ELISA kits. The mitogens induced a significant increase in IL-17 production. IL-17 was produced at high levels in response to the T cell-stimulated mitogens, PHA, and Con A, and at low levels in response to PWM mitogens. In contrast, level of the produced IL-17 cytokines in response to the FMDV antigens was lower as compared to those produced by mitogens. The FMDV antigens and mitogens significantly increased IL-17 production. There was not a correlation between IL-17 production and type-1 cytokine, IFN-γ, and IL-2, while there was a correlation between type-2 cytokine, IL-4, and IL-5 at either cytokine level produced by PBMCs stimulated by FMDV antigens. Moreover, there was an interaction between IL-17 and IL-6, that is, as IL-6 cytokine level elevated or diminished, IL-17 cytokine level increased or decreased, as well.
Archives of Razi Institute
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
0365-3439
71
v.
3
no.
2016
199
207
https://archrazi.areeo.ac.ir/article_106974_9fe99a58637d66e47b52e3ff9bca44d3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22034/ari.2016.106974